{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1990635643","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.98127","title":"Erbium doping of molecular beam epitaxial GaAs","display_name":"Erbium doping of molecular beam epitaxial GaAs","publication_year":1987,"publication_date":"1987-01-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1990635643","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.98127","mag":"1990635643"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1063/1.98127","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.98127","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.98127","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S105243760","display_name":"Applied Physics Letters","issn_l":"0003-6951","issn":["0003-6951","1077-3118","1520-8842"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320257","host_organization_name":"American Institute of Physics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320257"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Physics Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040802558","display_name":"Robin S. Smith","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7479-7778","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7479-7778"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090068","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Solid State Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/0083ncs46","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090068","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. S. Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer Institut f\u00fcr Angewandte Festk\u00f6rperphysik, Eckerstrasse 4, D-7800 Freiburg, West Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer Institut f\u00fcr Angewandte Festk\u00f6rperphysik, Eckerstrasse 4, D-7800 Freiburg, West Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090068"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"H. D. M\u00fcller","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090068","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Solid State Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/0083ncs46","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090068","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H. D. M\u00fcller","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer Institut f\u00fcr Angewandte Festk\u00f6rperphysik, Eckerstrasse 4, D-7800 Freiburg, West Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer Institut f\u00fcr Angewandte Festk\u00f6rperphysik, Eckerstrasse 4, D-7800 Freiburg, West Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090068"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062429053","display_name":"Helmut Ennen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090068","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Solid State Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/0083ncs46","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090068","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H. Ennen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer Institut f\u00fcr Angewandte Festk\u00f6rperphysik, Eckerstrasse 4, D-7800 Freiburg, West Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer Institut f\u00fcr Angewandte Festk\u00f6rperphysik, Eckerstrasse 4, D-7800 Freiburg, West Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090068"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047046755","display_name":"Peter Wennekers","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090068","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Solid State Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/0083ncs46","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090068","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. Wennekers","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer Institut f\u00fcr Angewandte Festk\u00f6rperphysik, Eckerstrasse 4, D-7800 Freiburg, West Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer Institut f\u00fcr Angewandte Festk\u00f6rperphysik, Eckerstrasse 4, D-7800 Freiburg, West Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090068"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083037907","display_name":"Matthias Maier","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4960-5217","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4960-5217"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090068","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Solid State Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/0083ncs46","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090068","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Maier","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer Institut f\u00fcr Angewandte Festk\u00f6rperphysik, Eckerstrasse 4, D-7800 Freiburg, West Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer Institut f\u00fcr Angewandte Festk\u00f6rperphysik, Eckerstrasse 4, D-7800 Freiburg, West Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090068"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090068"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.0451,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":73,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95900525,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"50","issue":"1","first_page":"49","last_page":"51"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11853","display_name":"Semiconductor materials and interfaces","score":0.8461999893188477,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11853","display_name":"Semiconductor materials and interfaces","score":0.8461999893188477,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10022","display_name":"Semiconductor Quantum Structures and Devices","score":0.06629999727010727,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10472","display_name":"Semiconductor materials and devices","score":0.04809999838471413,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/erbium-doping","display_name":"erbium doping","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gallium-arsenide","display_name":"GaAs","score":0.8349999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rare-earth-doping","display_name":"rare-earth doping","score":0.640999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iii-v-semiconductors","display_name":"III-V semiconductors","score":0.9419999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface-morphology","display_name":"surface morphology","score":0.5709999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface-patterning","display_name":"surface patterning","score":0.6650000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trap-states","display_name":"trap states","score":0.5580000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photoluminescence","display_name":"photoluminescence","score":0.8840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/room-temperature-luminescence","display_name":"room-temperature luminescence","score":0.7799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hall-measurements","display_name":"Hall measurements","score":0.515999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/doping-concentration","display_name":"doping concentration","score":0.48899999260902405}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57863236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130571","display_name":"Doping","level":2,"score":0.8596938848495483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513967374","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1849","display_name":"Erbium","level":3,"score":0.833491861820221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.7635619640350342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3792809","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898542","display_name":"Molecular beam epitaxy","level":4,"score":0.7467119097709656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110738630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1135540","display_name":"Epitaxy","level":3,"score":0.7263743877410889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85080765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q614893","display_name":"Photoluminescence","level":2,"score":0.6612242460250854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544956773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q670","display_name":"Silicon","level":2,"score":0.6551038026809692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.5693625807762146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108225325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11456","display_name":"Semiconductor","level":2,"score":0.46043887734413147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134112204","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10656","display_name":"Hall effect","level":3,"score":0.4262458086013794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.17926031351089478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69990965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65402698","display_name":"Electrical resistivity and conductivity","level":2,"score":0.1544663906097412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.044909000396728516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1063/1.98127","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.98127","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.98127","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S105243760","display_name":"Applied Physics Letters","issn_l":"0003-6951","issn":["0003-6951","1077-3118","1520-8842"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320257","host_organization_name":"American Institute of Physics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320257"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Physics Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:publica.fraunhofer.de:publica/175763","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://publica.fraunhofer.de/handle/publica/175763","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400318","display_name":"Fraunhofer-Publica (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4923324","host_organization_name":"Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4923324"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"journal article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1971122031","https://openalex.org/W1985004723","https://openalex.org/W1994051532","https://openalex.org/W2004607920","https://openalex.org/W2017816010","https://openalex.org/W2037830622","https://openalex.org/W2043352983","https://openalex.org/W2076400305","https://openalex.org/W2154522037"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1650250806","https://openalex.org/W2053106459","https://openalex.org/W2045164085","https://openalex.org/W145078967","https://openalex.org/W2050478347","https://openalex.org/W2086600237","https://openalex.org/W2047663217","https://openalex.org/W2064788935","https://openalex.org/W2094490490","https://openalex.org/W1995519828"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"doping":[1,36,49],"of":[2,13,24,57],"molecular":[3],"beam":[4],"epitaxial":[5],"GaAs":[6],"with":[7],"erbium":[8,48],"up":[9],"to":[10,21,52],"a":[11,22,53,67,73],"concentration":[12,23],"2\u00d71019":[14],"cm\u22123":[15,27],"has":[16,76],"been":[17,77],"successfully":[18],"demonstrated.":[19],"Up":[20],"about":[25],"5\u00d71018":[26],"the":[28,38,62],"surface":[29,39],"morphology":[30],"remained":[31],"good":[32],"but":[33],"for":[34],"higher":[35],"levels":[37],"became":[40],"structured.":[41],"Hall":[42],"and":[43],"profile":[44],"measurements":[45],"indicate":[46],"that":[47],"gives":[50],"rise":[51],"trapping":[54],"level":[55],"capable":[56],"compensating":[58],"silicon-doped":[59],"layers.":[60],"For":[61],"first":[63],"time":[64],"photoluminescence":[65],"from":[66],"rare":[68],"earth":[69],"element":[70],"incorporated":[71],"in":[72],"III-V":[74],"semiconductor":[75],"observed":[78],"at":[79],"room":[80],"temperature.":[81]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
