{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1990620575","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1994.tb06093.x","title":"A multinational pharmacoeconomic analysis of oral therapies for onychomycosis","display_name":"A multinational pharmacoeconomic analysis of oral therapies for onychomycosis","publication_year":1994,"publication_date":"1994-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1990620575","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1994.tb06093.x","mag":"1990620575","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8186141"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1994.tb06093.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1994.tb06093.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1994.tb06093.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S45720283","display_name":"British Journal of Dermatology","issn_l":"0007-0963","issn":["0007-0963","1365-2133"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"British Journal of Dermatology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108597665","display_name":"Steven R. Arikian","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"S.R. ARIKIAN","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada","Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada and President, Health Economics Research, Secaucus. New fersey, U.S.A"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada and President, Health Economics Research, Secaucus. New fersey, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017439960","display_name":"Thomas Ray Einarson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3865-2533","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3865-2533"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T.R. EINARSON","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045027748","display_name":"Gisela Kobelt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2113-3665","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2113-3665"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4388891806","display_name":"Sandoz Group AG (Switzerland)","ror":"https://ror.org/02rse7p59","country_code":"CH","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283582996","https://openalex.org/I4388891806"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. KOBELT-NGUYEN","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sandoz Pharma Ltd, Basel, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sandoz Pharma Ltd, Basel, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4388891806"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112556633","display_name":"Fran\u00e7ois Schubert","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405282361","display_name":"Sandoz Canada (Canada)","ror":"https://ror.org/05qvtw965","country_code":"CA","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283582996","https://openalex.org/I4388891806","https://openalex.org/I4405282361"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F. SCHUBERT","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sandoz Canada Inc., Dorval, Quebec, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sandoz Canada Inc., Dorval, Quebec, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405282361"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"THE ONYCHOMYCOSIS STUDY","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"THE ONYCHOMYCOSIS STUDY","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5108597665"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"],"apc_list":{"value":3731,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":4920},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.4509,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":65,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97715954,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"130","issue":"s43","first_page":"35","last_page":"44"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11253","display_name":"Nail Diseases and Treatments","score":0.5990999937057495,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2708","display_name":"Dermatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11253","display_name":"Nail Diseases and Treatments","score":0.5990999937057495,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2708","display_name":"Dermatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10804","display_name":"Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life","score":0.38179999589920044,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10150","display_name":"Antifungal resistance and susceptibility","score":0.0015999999595806003,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/onychomycosis","display_name":"onychomycosis","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oral-antifungal-therapy","display_name":"oral antifungal therapy","score":0.9300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cost-effectiveness","display_name":"cost-effectiveness","score":0.8320000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terbinafine","display_name":"terbinafine","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/griseofulvin","display_name":"griseofulvin","score":0.8949999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/itraconazole","display_name":"itraconazole","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ketoconazole","display_name":"ketoconazole","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fingernail-infection","display_name":"fingernail infection","score":0.8289999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/toenail-infection","display_name":"toenail infection","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cross-national-comparison","display_name":"cross-national comparison","score":0.5099999904632568}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778236110","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q415259","display_name":"Terbinafine","level":4,"score":0.8129332065582275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776738588","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1567856","display_name":"Pharmacoeconomics","level":2,"score":0.678256630897522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6688848733901978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779819575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q416096","display_name":"Griseofulvin","level":2,"score":0.6496204733848572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777071850","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q411229","display_name":"Itraconazole","level":3,"score":0.6013663411140442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158016649","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161726","display_name":"Multinational corporation","level":2,"score":0.5629225969314575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.4773445427417755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781064554","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q407883","display_name":"Ketoconazole","level":3,"score":0.42662250995635986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776125615","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18391886","display_name":"Economic evaluation","level":2,"score":0.41777271032333374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.3262123167514801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16005928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171171","display_name":"Dermatology","level":1,"score":0.3068614602088928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779548794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q578726","display_name":"Antifungal","level":2,"score":0.24345585703849792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.20879018306732178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.1405782699584961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.08060994744300842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.07560569047927856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000077291","descriptor_name":"Terbinafine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000935","descriptor_name":"Antifungal Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003362","descriptor_name":"Cost-Benefit Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003661","descriptor_name":"Decision Support Techniques","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005533","descriptor_name":"Foot Dermatoses","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005533","descriptor_name":"Foot Dermatoses","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006118","descriptor_name":"Griseofulvin","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006229","descriptor_name":"Hand Dermatoses","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006229","descriptor_name":"Hand Dermatoses","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007654","descriptor_name":"Ketoconazole","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009281","descriptor_name":"Naphthalenes","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013222","descriptor_name":"State Medicine","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014009","descriptor_name":"Onychomycosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014009","descriptor_name":"Onychomycosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017059","descriptor_name":"Models, Econometric","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017964","descriptor_name":"Itraconazole","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1994.tb06093.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1994.tb06093.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1994.tb06093.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S45720283","display_name":"British Journal of Dermatology","issn_l":"0007-0963","issn":["0007-0963","1365-2133"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"British Journal of Dermatology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:8186141","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8186141","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The British journal of dermatology","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9537000060081482}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1532482858","https://openalex.org/W1973893693","https://openalex.org/W1974984302","https://openalex.org/W1978286261","https://openalex.org/W1980012958","https://openalex.org/W1981308877","https://openalex.org/W2009583051","https://openalex.org/W2019148363","https://openalex.org/W2022445574","https://openalex.org/W2026020458","https://openalex.org/W2028200709","https://openalex.org/W2040227828","https://openalex.org/W2040725261","https://openalex.org/W2057212716","https://openalex.org/W2058151303","https://openalex.org/W2068411042","https://openalex.org/W2073178614","https://openalex.org/W2093238458","https://openalex.org/W2106488529","https://openalex.org/W2107328434","https://openalex.org/W2409819022","https://openalex.org/W4234797107"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2105671058","https://openalex.org/W2188440688","https://openalex.org/W2052500830","https://openalex.org/W37722414","https://openalex.org/W2040634205","https://openalex.org/W178188431","https://openalex.org/W2044250783","https://openalex.org/W1996540068","https://openalex.org/W2361202804","https://openalex.org/W2114591542"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Due":[0],"to":[1,22,140],"increased":[2],"interest":[3],"in":[4,73,138,152],"economic":[5,24],"evaluation":[6],"and":[7,52,57,89,108,118,126],"the":[8,50,90,101,105,113,121,134,145],"rapid":[9],"international":[10],"spread":[11],"of":[12,49,95,120],"new":[13],"healthcare":[14],"technologies":[15],"across":[16],"borders,":[17],"there":[18],"is":[19],"a":[20,27,32,37,61],"need":[21],"interpret":[23],"evaluations":[25],"on":[26],"worldwide":[28,93],"basis.":[29],"We":[30,59,129],"conducted":[31],"multinational":[33],"cost-effectiveness":[34,147],"analysis,":[35],"from":[36],"government":[38],"payer":[39],"perspective,":[40],"comparing":[41],"four":[42],"primary":[43],"oral":[44],"treatment":[45],"regimens":[46],"for":[47,104,124,149],"onychomycosis":[48],"fingernails":[51,125],"toenails:":[53],"griseofulvin,":[54],"itraconazole,":[55],"ketoconazole":[56],"terbinafine.":[58],"used":[60],"four-step":[62],"pharmacoeconomic":[63,106],"research":[64],"model":[65],"which":[66],"includes":[67],"all":[68,153],"relevant":[69],"factors":[70],"affecting":[71],"costs":[72],"13":[74],"countries:":[75],"Austria,":[76],"Belgium,":[77],"Canada,":[78],"Finland,":[79],"France,":[80],"Germany,":[81],"Greece,":[82],"Italy,":[83],"The":[84],"Netherlands,":[85],"Portugal,":[86],"Spain,":[87],"Switzerland":[88],"U.K.":[91],"A":[92],"meta-analysis":[94],"published":[96],"clinical":[97,122],"data":[98],"served":[99],"as":[100],"statistical":[102],"input":[103],"model,":[107],"demonstrated":[109],"that":[110,131],"terbinafine":[111,132],"had":[112],"highest":[114],"success":[115],"rates":[116],"(95.0%":[117],"78.3%)":[119],"comparators":[123],"toenails,":[127],"respectively.":[128],"found":[130],"was":[133],"most":[135],"effective":[136],"therapy":[137],"relation":[139],"cost":[141],"(therefore":[142],"giving":[143],"it":[144],"lowest":[146],"ratio)":[148],"both":[150],"infections":[151],"health-care":[154],"systems":[155],"analysed.":[156]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
