{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1990576769","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14662043.2010.489746","title":"The post-colonial state and minorities: ethnocide in the Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh","display_name":"The post-colonial state and minorities: ethnocide in the Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1990576769","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14662043.2010.489746","mag":"1990576769","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20617586"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/14662043.2010.489746","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14662043.2010.489746","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14662043.2010.489746","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210187268","display_name":"Commonwealth and Comparative Politics","issn_l":"1466-2043","issn":["1466-2043","1743-9094"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-c","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Commonwealth & Comparative Politics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://hull-repository.worktribe.com/output/399940","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062868693","display_name":"Bhumitra Chakma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-6167","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-6167"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191240316","display_name":"University of Hull","ror":"https://ror.org/04nkhwh30","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191240316"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bhumitra Chakma","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Hull, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Hull, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191240316"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5062868693"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191240316"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.2823,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":55,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96783761,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"48","issue":"3","first_page":"281","last_page":"300"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13826","display_name":"Bangladesh Politics, Society, and Development","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13826","display_name":"Bangladesh Politics, Society, and Development","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13029","display_name":"South Asian Studies and Conflicts","score":0.006300000008195639,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10070","display_name":"Political Conflict and Governance","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cultural-genocide","display_name":"cultural genocide","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/postcolonial-state","display_name":"postcolonial state","score":0.8999999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chittagong-hill-tracts","display_name":"Chittagong Hill Tracts","score":0.8610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indigenous-minorities","display_name":"indigenous minorities","score":0.7269999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nation-building","display_name":"nation-building","score":0.6759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bureaucratic-state","display_name":"bureaucratic state","score":0.7919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/militarization","display_name":"militarization","score":0.8399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/national-security","display_name":"national security","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marginalization","display_name":"marginalization","score":0.8119999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cultural-destruction","display_name":"cultural destruction","score":0.8579999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethnic-identity","display_name":"ethnic identity","score":0.6240000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state-minority-relations","display_name":"state-minority relations","score":0.5809999704360962}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51575053","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q72468","display_name":"Bureaucracy","level":3,"score":0.762419581413269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C531593650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7167","display_name":"Colonialism","level":2,"score":0.7333858013153076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65414064","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484105","display_name":"Autonomy","level":2,"score":0.6646493673324585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.6373844146728516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55958113","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169480","display_name":"Indigenous","level":2,"score":0.6319654583930969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.6184380054473877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.5700557827949524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138921699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47555","display_name":"Political economy","level":1,"score":0.5482190847396851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779175671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1780201","display_name":"State-building","level":3,"score":0.4908810257911682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.4782799184322357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133979268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1682108","display_name":"Vision","level":2,"score":0.4778718054294586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47768531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1127188","display_name":"Development economics","level":1,"score":0.43825405836105347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.35514867305755615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.3282274007797241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.1731979250907898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.12823700904846191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.11672642827033997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001459","descriptor_name":"Bangladesh","qualifier_ui":"Q000208","qualifier_name":"ethnology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003906","descriptor_name":"Developing Countries","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003906","descriptor_name":"Developing Countries","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005006","descriptor_name":"Ethnicity","qualifier_ui":"Q000193","qualifier_name":"education","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005006","descriptor_name":"Ethnicity","qualifier_ui":"Q000208","qualifier_name":"ethnology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005006","descriptor_name":"Ethnicity","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005006","descriptor_name":"Ethnicity","qualifier_ui":"Q000331","qualifier_name":"legislation & jurisprudence","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005006","descriptor_name":"Ethnicity","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006708","descriptor_name":"Homicide","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006708","descriptor_name":"Homicide","qualifier_ui":"Q000208","qualifier_name":"ethnology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006708","descriptor_name":"Homicide","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006708","descriptor_name":"Homicide","qualifier_ui":"Q000331","qualifier_name":"legislation & jurisprudence","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006708","descriptor_name":"Homicide","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007514","descriptor_name":"Islam","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007514","descriptor_name":"Islam","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008889","descriptor_name":"Military Personnel","qualifier_ui":"Q000193","qualifier_name":"education","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008889","descriptor_name":"Military Personnel","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008889","descriptor_name":"Military Personnel","qualifier_ui":"Q000331","qualifier_name":"legislation & jurisprudence","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008889","descriptor_name":"Military Personnel","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008913","descriptor_name":"Minority Groups","qualifier_ui":"Q000193","qualifier_name":"education","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008913","descriptor_name":"Minority Groups","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008913","descriptor_name":"Minority Groups","qualifier_ui":"Q000331","qualifier_name":"legislation & jurisprudence","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008913","descriptor_name":"Minority Groups","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011056","descriptor_name":"Political Systems","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011287","descriptor_name":"Prejudice","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014754","descriptor_name":"Violence","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014754","descriptor_name":"Violence","qualifier_ui":"Q000208","qualifier_name":"ethnology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014754","descriptor_name":"Violence","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014754","descriptor_name":"Violence","qualifier_ui":"Q000331","qualifier_name":"legislation & jurisprudence","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014754","descriptor_name":"Violence","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049673","descriptor_name":"History, 20th Century","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/14662043.2010.489746","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14662043.2010.489746","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14662043.2010.489746","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210187268","display_name":"Commonwealth and Comparative Politics","issn_l":"1466-2043","issn":["1466-2043","1743-9094"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-c","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Commonwealth & Comparative Politics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:20617586","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20617586","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Commonwealth & comparative politics","raw_type":"Historical Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:https://hull-repository.worktribe.com/:399940","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hull-repository.worktribe.com/output/399940","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400827","display_name":"Repository@Hull (Worktribe) (University of Hull)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I191240316","host_organization_name":"University of Hull","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191240316"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:hull-repository.worktribe.com:399940","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hull-repository.worktribe.com/output/399940","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400827","display_name":"Repository@Hull (Worktribe) (University of Hull)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I191240316","host_organization_name":"University of Hull","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191240316"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:https://hull-repository.worktribe.com/:399940","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hull-repository.worktribe.com/output/399940","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400827","display_name":"Repository@Hull (Worktribe) (University of Hull)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I191240316","host_organization_name":"University of Hull","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191240316"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320004","display_name":"British Academy","ror":"https://ror.org/0302b4677"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W113518353","https://openalex.org/W571010276","https://openalex.org/W584069860","https://openalex.org/W604590296","https://openalex.org/W606552975","https://openalex.org/W623986105","https://openalex.org/W637053936","https://openalex.org/W649501081","https://openalex.org/W1976491140","https://openalex.org/W1978831089","https://openalex.org/W1979019340","https://openalex.org/W2014231392","https://openalex.org/W2065824197","https://openalex.org/W2084613783","https://openalex.org/W2133675568","https://openalex.org/W2138148330","https://openalex.org/W2313581546","https://openalex.org/W2406290159","https://openalex.org/W4239897917","https://openalex.org/W4252277488","https://openalex.org/W4361025764"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4367299081","https://openalex.org/W7221143902","https://openalex.org/W7172329171","https://openalex.org/W7202099448","https://openalex.org/W7137924585","https://openalex.org/W7130374188","https://openalex.org/W4401369334","https://openalex.org/W2329250717","https://openalex.org/W7135030393","https://openalex.org/W2253365895"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"argues":[2],"that":[3],"ethnocide":[4,125],"in":[5,11,66,103,126],"post-colonial":[6,105],"states":[7],"can":[8],"be":[9],"located":[10],"the":[12,23,27,32,43,55,58,61,67,86,92,104,109,127],"interplay":[13],"of":[14,22,38,54,60,69,74,111,118,124],"three":[15],"processes:":[16],"(1)":[17],"nation-building":[18],"and":[19,34,51,72,77],"development":[20],"visions":[21],"bureaucratic":[24,44],"state;":[25],"(2)":[26],"struggle":[28,93],"for":[29,83,94],"autonomy":[30,84,95],"by":[31,42,85,96],"minorities;":[33],"(3)":[35],"militarised":[36,99],"pursuit":[37],"national":[39],"security":[40,100],"agenda":[41],"state.":[45],"The":[46,88,114],"bureaucratic,":[47],"political,":[48],"economic,":[49],"cultural":[50],"military":[52],"penetration":[53],"state":[56,89,106],"into":[57],"territories":[59],"indigenous":[62],"communities":[63,71],"often":[64],"results":[65],"marginalisation":[68],"those":[70],"destruction":[73],"their":[75],"cultures":[76],"identity.":[78],"It":[79],"leads":[80],"to":[81,91],"demand":[82],"minorities.":[87],"reacts":[90],"pursuing":[97],"a":[98],"agenda.":[101],"Ethnocide":[102],"occurs":[107],"against":[108],"vortex":[110],"these":[112],"processes.":[113],"Chittagong":[115],"Hill":[116],"Tracts":[117],"Bangladesh":[119],"is":[120],"an":[121],"interesting":[122],"case":[123],"above":[128],"context.":[129]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}