{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1990494270","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0277-9536(99)00279-8","title":"Tuberculosis in Pakistan: socio-cultural constraints and opportunities in treatment","display_name":"Tuberculosis in Pakistan: socio-cultural constraints and opportunities in treatment","publication_year":2000,"publication_date":"2000-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1990494270","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0277-9536(99)00279-8","mag":"1990494270","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10619693"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0277-9536(99)00279-8","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0277-9536(99)00279-8","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0277-9536(99)00279-8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106822843","display_name":"Social Science & Medicine","issn_l":"0277-9536","issn":["0277-9536","1873-5347"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","erih-plus","fnege-1","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Social Science &amp; Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113976828","display_name":"Amir Zada Khan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405267498","display_name":"Association for Social Development","ror":"https://ror.org/0314nv140","country_code":"PK","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405267498"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amir Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Association for Social Development, Islamabad, Pakistan","Nuffield Institute for Health, 71\u201375 Clarendon Road, Leeds, LS2 9PL, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Association for Social Development, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405267498"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nuffield Institute for Health, 71\u201375 Clarendon Road, Leeds, LS2 9PL, UK","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019018706","display_name":"John D. Walley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7290-0989","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7290-0989"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Walley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nuffield Institute for Health, 71\u201375 Clarendon Road, Leeds, LS2 9PL, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nuffield Institute for Health, 71\u201375 Clarendon Road, Leeds, LS2 9PL, UK","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102872026","display_name":"James Nicholas Newell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3175-5409","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3175-5409"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"James Newell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nuffield Institute for Health, 71\u201375 Clarendon Road, Leeds, LS2 9PL, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nuffield Institute for Health, 71\u201375 Clarendon Road, Leeds, LS2 9PL, UK","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032800856","display_name":"Naghma Imdad","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Naghma Imdad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dataline, Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dataline, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102872026"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3800,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3800},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.4807,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":267,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95914525,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"50","issue":"2","first_page":"247","last_page":"254"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10038","display_name":"Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10038","display_name":"Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13586","display_name":"HIV, TB, and STIs Epidemiology","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11531","display_name":"Healthcare Systems and Reforms","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tuberculosis","display_name":"tuberculosis","score":0.9660000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treatment-default","display_name":"treatment default","score":0.8059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patient-behavior","display_name":"patient behavior","score":0.6190000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociocultural-factors","display_name":"sociocultural factors","score":0.5649999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/access-to-treatment","display_name":"access to treatment","score":0.6320000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/women-s-mobility","display_name":"women's mobility","score":0.6539999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-education","display_name":"health education","score":0.5910000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-resistant-tuberculosis","display_name":"drug-resistant tuberculosis","score":0.7940000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rural-health-care","display_name":"rural health care","score":0.48100000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/poverty","display_name":"poverty","score":0.5569999814033508}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7195233702659607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781069245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12204","display_name":"Tuberculosis","level":2,"score":0.6517707705497742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5662326216697693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.5460621118545532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.5151530504226685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.4946272075176239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23979983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165103","display_name":"Virtuous circle and vicious circle","level":2,"score":0.46300697326660156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83864248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177323","display_name":"Developing country","level":2,"score":0.42751482129096985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.21719256043434143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003219","descriptor_name":"Confidentiality","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003362","descriptor_name":"Cost-Benefit Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003466","descriptor_name":"Cultural Characteristics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003625","descriptor_name":"Data Collection","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006297","descriptor_name":"Health Services Accessibility","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010154","descriptor_name":"Pakistan","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011379","descriptor_name":"Prognosis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012959","descriptor_name":"Socioeconomic Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014376","descriptor_name":"Tuberculosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014376","descriptor_name":"Tuberculosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014376","descriptor_name":"Tuberculosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0277-9536(99)00279-8","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0277-9536(99)00279-8","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0277-9536(99)00279-8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106822843","display_name":"Social Science & Medicine","issn_l":"0277-9536","issn":["0277-9536","1873-5347"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","erih-plus","fnege-1","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Social Science &amp; Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:10619693","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10619693","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Social science & medicine (1982)","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:eee:socmed:v:50:y:2000:i:2:p:247-254","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277-9536(99)00279-8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"},{"score":0.4287000000476837,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W562421915","https://openalex.org/W1966820980","https://openalex.org/W2030826344","https://openalex.org/W2031250744","https://openalex.org/W2038826584","https://openalex.org/W2055487337","https://openalex.org/W2065705468","https://openalex.org/W2068926476","https://openalex.org/W2075061263","https://openalex.org/W2093894194","https://openalex.org/W2115771498","https://openalex.org/W2116616377","https://openalex.org/W2128607011","https://openalex.org/W3022274619","https://openalex.org/W6815790711"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1979562223","https://openalex.org/W2134601773","https://openalex.org/W2795185293","https://openalex.org/W2952973864","https://openalex.org/W2005837386","https://openalex.org/W1585566392","https://openalex.org/W2996168782","https://openalex.org/W1488523987","https://openalex.org/W1968071075","https://openalex.org/W7097676954"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":79},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":12}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
