{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1990452292","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.01-1191","title":"Light Exposure and Macular Pigment Optical Density","display_name":"Light Exposure and Macular Pigment Optical Density","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1990452292","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.01-1191","mag":"1990452292","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12506089"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1167/iovs.01-1191","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.01-1191","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.01-1191","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S76304953","display_name":"Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science","issn_l":"0146-0404","issn":["0146-0404","1552-5783"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310321950","host_organization_name":"Cadmus Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310321950"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cadmus Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Investigative Opthalmology & Visual Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081566484","display_name":"Adam J. Wenzel","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161057412","display_name":"University of New Hampshire","ror":"https://ror.org/01rmh9n78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161057412"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adam J. Wenzel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, University of New Hampshire, 10 Library Way, Durham, NH 03824-3567, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, University of New Hampshire, 10 Library Way, Durham, NH 03824-3567, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161057412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005909749","display_name":"Kenneth Fuld","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161057412","display_name":"University of New Hampshire","ror":"https://ror.org/01rmh9n78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161057412"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kenneth Fuld","raw_affiliation_strings":["From the Department of Psychology, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Department of Psychology, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161057412"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050985954","display_name":"James M. Stringham","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1476-1084","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1476-1084"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161057412","display_name":"University of New Hampshire","ror":"https://ror.org/01rmh9n78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161057412"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James M. Stringham","raw_affiliation_strings":["From the Department of Psychology, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Department of Psychology, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161057412"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161057412"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.0604,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85802023,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"44","issue":"1","first_page":"306","last_page":"306"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10170","display_name":"Retinal Diseases and Treatments","score":0.864300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10170","display_name":"Retinal Diseases and Treatments","score":0.864300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10445","display_name":"Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress","score":0.093299999833107,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2704","display_name":"Biochemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10691","display_name":"Retinal Development and Disorders","score":0.01549999974668026,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/macular-pigment-optical-density","display_name":"macular pigment optical density","score":0.9639999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lutein","display_name":"lutein","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zeaxanthin","display_name":"zeaxanthin","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/macular-carotenoids","display_name":"macular carotenoids","score":0.9279999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/light-exposure","display_name":"light exposure","score":0.8009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/light-adaptation","display_name":"light adaptation","score":0.9430000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carotenoid-oxidation","display_name":"carotenoid oxidation","score":0.6890000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/day-to-day-variation","display_name":"day-to-day variability","score":0.781000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heterochromatic-flicker-photometry","display_name":"heterochromatic flicker photometry","score":0.8539999723434448}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778411929","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422067","display_name":"Lutein","level":3,"score":0.9881590604782104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776099141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169337","display_name":"Zeaxanthin","level":4,"score":0.9802894592285156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020486325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q907315","display_name":"Optical density","level":2,"score":0.5962088108062744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125575132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216208","display_name":"Xanthophyll","level":3,"score":0.5411239862442017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28781525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191907","display_name":"Carotenoid","level":2,"score":0.5280476212501526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776403814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27429789","display_name":"Macular degeneration","level":2,"score":0.5221436619758606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777093970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169342","display_name":"Retina","level":2,"score":0.44126948714256287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.39136847853660583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118487528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161437","display_name":"Ophthalmology","level":1,"score":0.358731210231781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.33277082443237305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2170717716217041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31903555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1637030","display_name":"Food science","level":1,"score":0.1648014783859253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.05784636735916138}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000221","descriptor_name":"Adaptation, Ocular","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008027","descriptor_name":"Light","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012160","descriptor_name":"Retina","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012160","descriptor_name":"Retina","qualifier_ui":"Q000528","qualifier_name":"radiation effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012168","descriptor_name":"Retinal Pigments","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014975","descriptor_name":"Lutein","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019207","descriptor_name":"beta Carotene","qualifier_ui":"Q000031","qualifier_name":"analogs & derivatives","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019207","descriptor_name":"beta Carotene","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D024341","descriptor_name":"Xanthophylls","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D065146","descriptor_name":"Zeaxanthins","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1167/iovs.01-1191","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.01-1191","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.01-1191","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S76304953","display_name":"Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science","issn_l":"0146-0404","issn":["0146-0404","1552-5783"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310321950","host_organization_name":"Cadmus Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310321950"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cadmus Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Investigative Opthalmology & Visual Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:12506089","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12506089","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Investigative ophthalmology & visual science","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.46810001134872437,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W19676655","https://openalex.org/W126033127","https://openalex.org/W151625338","https://openalex.org/W155945970","https://openalex.org/W760471170","https://openalex.org/W1199666298","https://openalex.org/W1504506932","https://openalex.org/W1559066926","https://openalex.org/W1585553871","https://openalex.org/W1615843768","https://openalex.org/W1821479852","https://openalex.org/W1974690896","https://openalex.org/W1976935136","https://openalex.org/W1985283672","https://openalex.org/W1986613297","https://openalex.org/W1993157133","https://openalex.org/W1994168026","https://openalex.org/W1995926057","https://openalex.org/W2004472265","https://openalex.org/W2006566199","https://openalex.org/W2017048586","https://openalex.org/W2018705529","https://openalex.org/W2018895624","https://openalex.org/W2019618500","https://openalex.org/W2053229392","https://openalex.org/W2053379890","https://openalex.org/W2066034006","https://openalex.org/W2087964153","https://openalex.org/W2096926081","https://openalex.org/W2109045394","https://openalex.org/W2112126613","https://openalex.org/W2123460349","https://openalex.org/W2125555159","https://openalex.org/W2126313584","https://openalex.org/W2568842486"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1984854612","https://openalex.org/W3176824080","https://openalex.org/W2007242534","https://openalex.org/W1140835634","https://openalex.org/W3031128643","https://openalex.org/W2412690151","https://openalex.org/W2100008572","https://openalex.org/W1965245172","https://openalex.org/W2807799137","https://openalex.org/W4380636005"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"PURPOSE:":[0],"Biochemical":[1],"research":[2,138],"has":[3],"demonstrated":[4],"that":[5,19,118,157],"lutein":[6,48,119,166],"and":[7,49,120,130,167],"zeaxanthin,":[8],"the":[9,35,45,52,124,133,148,171],"two":[10,65],"macular":[11,59],"carotenoids,":[12],"are":[13,126,144],"bleachable":[14],"pigments.":[15],"Further,":[16],"evidence":[17],"suggests":[18],"exposure":[20,38],"to":[21,39,81,164],"UV":[22],"light":[23,43,93,129],"can":[24],"degrade":[25],"plasma":[26],"carotenoid":[27],"levels":[28,41,46,122,169],"in":[29,51,64,101,123,140,170],"vivo.":[30],"The":[31,55,89,115],"present":[32],"study":[33],"investigated":[34],"effects":[36],"of":[37,42,47,58,92,147,150],"normal":[40],"on":[44],"zeaxanthin":[50,121,168],"retina.":[53],"METHODS:":[54],"optical":[56],"density":[57],"pigment":[60],"(MPOD)":[61],"was":[62,79,109],"measured":[63],"male":[66],"subjects":[67],"under":[68],"four":[69,90],"different":[70],"light-adaptation":[71],"conditions":[72,91],"for":[73,111],"20":[74],"days.":[75],"Heterochromatic":[76],"flicker":[77],"photometry":[78],"used":[80],"measure":[82],"MPOD":[83,142,159],"at":[84],"0.5":[85],"degrees":[86],"eccentricity.":[87],"RESULTS:":[88],"adaptation":[94],"did":[95],"not":[96],"significantly":[97],"affect":[98],"MPOD.":[99],"As":[100],"previous":[102],"studies,":[103],"however,":[104],"a":[105],"significant":[106,153],"day-to-day":[107],"difference":[108],"observed":[110],"both":[112],"subjects.":[113],"CONCLUSIONS:":[114],"results":[116],"suggest":[117],"eye":[125],"unaffected":[127],"by":[128],"oxidation":[131],"throughout":[132],"day.":[134,151],"This":[135],"justifies":[136],"current":[137],"methods":[139],"which":[141],"measures":[143,160],"made":[145],"regardless":[146],"time":[149],"However,":[152],"between-day":[154],"variance":[155],"indicates":[156],"multiple":[158],"may":[161],"be":[162],"necessary":[163],"evaluate":[165],"retina":[172],"accurately.":[173]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}