{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1990443497","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5840/philo20003216","title":"Natural Explanations for the Anthropic Coincidences","display_name":"Natural Explanations for the Anthropic Coincidences","publication_year":2000,"publication_date":"2000-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1990443497","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5840/philo20003216","mag":"1990443497"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5840/philo20003216","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5840/philo20003216","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5840/philo20003216","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S56388185","display_name":"Philo","issn_l":"1098-3570","issn":["1098-3570","2154-1639"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315565","host_organization_name":"Center for Inquiry","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315565"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Center for Inquiry"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Philo","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019217730","display_name":"V. J. Stenger","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Victor J. Stenger","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5019217730"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.12074799,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"2","first_page":"50","last_page":"67"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10095","display_name":"Cosmology and Gravitation Theories","score":0.9531000256538391,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10095","display_name":"Cosmology and Gravitation Theories","score":0.9531000256538391,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12788","display_name":"Space Science and Extraterrestrial Life","score":0.005900000222027302,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12516","display_name":"Advanced Mathematical Theories and Applications","score":0.004999999888241291,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anthropic-principle","display_name":"anthropic principle","score":0.8360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fine-tuning","display_name":"fine-tuning","score":0.6639999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-constants","display_name":"physical constants","score":0.9179999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stellar-lifetimes","display_name":"stellar lifetimes","score":0.7910000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heavy-element-nucleosynthesis","display_name":"heavy element nucleosynthesis","score":0.7760000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiverse","display_name":"multiverse","score":0.6620000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intelligent-design","display_name":"intelligent design","score":0.7250000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/origin-of-life","display_name":"origin of life","score":0.5379999876022339}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86580146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q240581","display_name":"Anthropic principle","level":2,"score":0.9438853859901428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.7054548263549805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84999194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1","display_name":"Universe","level":2,"score":0.5880530476570129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150846664","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7602306","display_name":"Stars","level":2,"score":0.5416747331619263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33332235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18362","display_name":"Theoretical physics","level":1,"score":0.5289937257766724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124017977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11412","display_name":"Gravitation","level":2,"score":0.5052686333656311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44870925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547","display_name":"Astrophysics","level":1,"score":0.3210484981536865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.26804178953170776}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5840/philo20003216","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5840/philo20003216","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5840/philo20003216","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S56388185","display_name":"Philo","issn_l":"1098-3570","issn":["1098-3570","2154-1639"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315565","host_organization_name":"Center for Inquiry","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315565"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Center for Inquiry"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Philo","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W73595598","https://openalex.org/W1497001822","https://openalex.org/W1632747468","https://openalex.org/W1640014791","https://openalex.org/W1673981701","https://openalex.org/W1966702659","https://openalex.org/W1986629118","https://openalex.org/W1995869161","https://openalex.org/W2004629655","https://openalex.org/W2005379655","https://openalex.org/W2006208772","https://openalex.org/W2006248952","https://openalex.org/W2013890770","https://openalex.org/W2024869791","https://openalex.org/W2039108312","https://openalex.org/W2056173066","https://openalex.org/W2060304114","https://openalex.org/W2073716472","https://openalex.org/W2077451049","https://openalex.org/W2085901887","https://openalex.org/W2124779530","https://openalex.org/W2134251287","https://openalex.org/W2147104319","https://openalex.org/W2162026020","https://openalex.org/W2164643184","https://openalex.org/W3016959142","https://openalex.org/W3021296958","https://openalex.org/W3125256726"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W99058818","https://openalex.org/W7099345798","https://openalex.org/W3121710702","https://openalex.org/W1985063642","https://openalex.org/W1986256658","https://openalex.org/W7098996610","https://openalex.org/W2005379655","https://openalex.org/W2092632226","https://openalex.org/W2033319767","https://openalex.org/W4236853045"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"anthropic":[1],"coincidences":[2],"are":[3,55],"widely":[4],"claimed":[5],"to":[6,71,106,204,209,230,258,282,289],"provide":[7],"evidence":[8],"for":[9,26,65,207,228,279],"intelligent":[10],"creation":[11],"in":[12,140,248,301],"the":[13,41,100,103,107,129,141,185,197,205,211,235,251,274,290,302,311],"universe.":[14,304],"However,":[15],"neither":[16],"data":[17],"nor":[18],"theory":[19],"support":[20],"this":[21,126],"conclusion.":[22],"No":[23],"basis":[24],"exists":[25],"assuming":[27],"that":[28,52,85,99,134,182,195,243,250,269],"a":[29,115,149,200,214],"random":[30],"universe":[31,88,281],"would":[32],"not":[33,56,77,167],"have":[34,63,283],"some":[35,69],"kind":[36],"of":[37,40,43,68,102,143,152,154,188,199,213,253,273,277],"life.":[38],"Calculations":[39],"properties":[42,145],"universes":[44,61],"having":[45],"different":[46],"physical":[47,144],"constants":[48],"than":[49,286],"ours":[50],"indicate":[51],"long-lived":[53],"stars":[54,255],"unusual,":[57],"and":[58,297,309],"thus":[59],"most":[60],"should":[62,127,146],"time":[64,206],"complex":[66],"systems":[67],"type":[70],"evolve.":[72],"A":[73],"multi-universe":[74],"scenario":[75],"is":[76,113,184,221,227,245],"ruled":[78],"out":[79,175,242],"since":[80],"no":[81],"known":[82],"principle":[83,172],"requires":[84],"only":[86,294],"one":[87,217],"exist.":[89],"THE":[90],"ANTHROPIC":[91],"COINCIDENCES":[92],"In":[93,178,238],"1919,":[94],"Weyl":[95],"expressed":[96],"his":[97,132],"puzzlement":[98],"ratio":[101,198],"electromagnetic":[104],"force":[105,109],"gravitational":[108],"between":[110],"two":[111],"electrons":[112],"such":[114,263],"huge":[116],"number,":[117],"N1":[118,183,270],"=":[119],"10":[120,168,176],"39":[121],".":[122,177],"He":[123],"wondered":[124],"why":[125,164],"be":[128,256,272],"case,":[130],"expressing":[131],"intuition":[133],"pure":[135,192],"numbers":[136],"like":[137],"\u03c0":[138],"appearing":[139],"description":[142],"occur":[147],"within":[148],"few":[150],"orders":[151],"magnitude":[153,189],"unity.":[155],"Unity,":[156],"or":[157,169],"zero,":[158],"you":[159],"can":[160],"expect":[161],"naturally.":[162],"But":[163],"10?":[165,170],"Why":[166],"Some":[171],"must":[173,271],"select":[174],"1937,":[179],"Dirac":[180],"discovered":[181],"same":[186,236,275],"order":[187,249,276],"as":[190,264],"another":[191,229],"number":[193,218],"N2":[194,244,278],"gives":[196],"typical":[201,254],"stellar":[202],"lifetime":[203,252],"light":[208],"traverse":[210],"radius":[212],"proton.":[215],"If":[216],"being":[219],"large":[220,247],"unlikely,":[222],"how":[223],"much":[224],"more":[225],"unlikely":[226],"come":[231],"along":[232],"with":[233],"about":[234],"value?":[237],"1961,":[239],"Dicke":[240],"pointed":[241],"necessarily":[246],"sufficient":[257],"generate":[259],"heavy":[260],"chemical":[261],"elements":[262,284,313],"carbon.":[265],"Furthermore,":[266],"he":[267],"showed":[268],"our":[280],"heavier":[285],"lithium.":[287],"According":[288],"big":[291],"bang":[292],"theory,":[293],"hydrogen,":[295],"helium,":[296],"lithium":[298],"were":[299],"formed":[300],"early":[303],"Carbon,":[305],"nitrogen,":[306],"oxygen,":[307],"iron,":[308],"all":[310],"other":[312]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-26T08:19:03.415552","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}