{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1990430301","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0361-9230(94)90005-1","title":"Interleukin-2 does not cross the blood-brain barrier by a saturable transport system","display_name":"Interleukin-2 does not cross the blood-brain barrier by a saturable transport system","publication_year":1994,"publication_date":"1994-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1990430301","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0361-9230(94)90005-1","mag":"1990430301","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8044683"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0361-9230(94)90005-1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0361-9230(94)90005-1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0361-9230(94)90005-1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S8119441","display_name":"Brain Research Bulletin","issn_l":"0361-9230","issn":["0361-9230","1873-2747"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Brain Research Bulletin","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016224520","display_name":"Paul J. Waguespack","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul J. Waguespack","raw_affiliation_strings":["VA Medical Center, New Orleans, LA 70146"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"VA Medical Center, New Orleans, LA 70146","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054959155","display_name":"William A. Banks","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0496-3619","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0496-3619"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114832834","display_name":"Tulane University","ror":"https://ror.org/04vmvtb21","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114832834"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"William A. Banks","raw_affiliation_strings":["VA Medical Center and Tulane University School of Medicine, 1601 Perdido Street, New Orleans, LA 70146 USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"VA Medical Center and Tulane University School of Medicine, 1601 Perdido Street, New Orleans, LA 70146 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114832834"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032152107","display_name":"Abba J. Kastin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114832834","display_name":"Tulane University","ror":"https://ror.org/04vmvtb21","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114832834"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abba J. Kastin","raw_affiliation_strings":["VA Medical Center and Tulane University School of Medicine, 1601 Perdido Street, New Orleans, LA 70146 USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"VA Medical Center and Tulane University School of Medicine, 1601 Perdido Street, New Orleans, LA 70146 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114832834"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5054959155"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114832834"],"apc_list":{"value":3280,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3280},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.6427,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":83,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91980422,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"34","issue":"2","first_page":"103","last_page":"109"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11872","display_name":"Barrier Structure and Function Studies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11872","display_name":"Barrier Structure and Function Studies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10570","display_name":"Drug Transport and Resistance Mechanisms","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11266","display_name":"Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interleukin-2","display_name":"interleukin-2","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blood-brain-barrier","display_name":"blood-brain barrier","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cytokine-transport","display_name":"cytokine transport","score":0.7590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/saturable-transport","display_name":"saturable transport","score":0.722000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/central-nervous-system-effects","display_name":"central nervous system effects","score":0.7020000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interleukin-1-alpha","display_name":"interleukin-1 alpha","score":0.7820000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tnf-alpha","display_name":"TNF-\u03b1","score":0.8980000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/morphine","display_name":"morphine","score":0.6129999756813049}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529278444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47273","display_name":"Central nervous system","level":2,"score":0.7252527475357056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778402981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221694","display_name":"Blood\u2013brain barrier","level":3,"score":0.6756851673126221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778690821","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212354","display_name":"Cytokine","level":2,"score":0.5933016538619995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51911345","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4863604","display_name":"Barrier function","level":2,"score":0.5331736207008362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172505","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194908","display_name":"Interleukin","level":3,"score":0.5127109289169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.5098184943199158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170493617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467","display_name":"Receptor","level":2,"score":0.5027661323547363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.40278297662734985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.3837132453918457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.33230215311050415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2919384241104126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.282605916261673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95444343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141","display_name":"Cell biology","level":1,"score":0.20266100764274597}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001812","descriptor_name":"Blood-Brain Barrier","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007376","descriptor_name":"Interleukin-2","qualifier_ui":"Q000493","qualifier_name":"pharmacokinetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008813","descriptor_name":"Mice, Inbred ICR","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012044","descriptor_name":"Regression Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051379","descriptor_name":"Mice","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/0361-9230(94)90005-1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0361-9230(94)90005-1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0361-9230(94)90005-1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S8119441","display_name":"Brain Research Bulletin","issn_l":"0361-9230","issn":["0361-9230","1873-2747"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Brain Research Bulletin","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:8044683","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8044683","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Brain research bulletin","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9537000060081482,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","display_name":"Office of Naval Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00rk2pe57"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W261671182","https://openalex.org/W295145141","https://openalex.org/W622893658","https://openalex.org/W1126274060","https://openalex.org/W1139882687","https://openalex.org/W1603776666","https://openalex.org/W1892932767","https://openalex.org/W1964911589","https://openalex.org/W1968020077","https://openalex.org/W1976490782","https://openalex.org/W1983224573","https://openalex.org/W1986939668","https://openalex.org/W1994502340","https://openalex.org/W1995269101","https://openalex.org/W1995321663","https://openalex.org/W2006934045","https://openalex.org/W2013822102","https://openalex.org/W2020708040","https://openalex.org/W2021485898","https://openalex.org/W2028959381","https://openalex.org/W2037300000","https://openalex.org/W2043143557","https://openalex.org/W2047582978","https://openalex.org/W2066332313","https://openalex.org/W2070045576","https://openalex.org/W2072050559","https://openalex.org/W2078086104","https://openalex.org/W2079075941","https://openalex.org/W2082162853","https://openalex.org/W2082445194","https://openalex.org/W2092078486","https://openalex.org/W2094630007","https://openalex.org/W2110569992","https://openalex.org/W2324040239","https://openalex.org/W2418056313"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1985703181","https://openalex.org/W1993537924","https://openalex.org/W2074229539","https://openalex.org/W2020708040","https://openalex.org/W2134162261","https://openalex.org/W2072050559","https://openalex.org/W1892932767","https://openalex.org/W2082445194","https://openalex.org/W2023299675","https://openalex.org/W1965753947"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}