{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1990424682","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/259518","title":"A Model for the Explanation of Industrial Expansion during the Nineteenth Century: With an Application to the American Iron Industry","display_name":"A Model for the Explanation of Industrial Expansion during the Nineteenth Century: With an Application to the American Iron Industry","publication_year":1969,"publication_date":"1969-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1990424682","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/259518","mag":"1990424682"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1086/259518","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/259518","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1086/259518","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S95323914","display_name":"Journal of Political Economy","issn_l":"0022-3808","issn":["0022-3808","1537-534X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-1-star","ft50","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315672","host_organization_name":"University of Chicago Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315672","https://openalex.org/P4310315690"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Chicago Press","University of Chicago"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Political Economy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073039513","display_name":"Robert W. Fogel","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert W. Fogel","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111381231","display_name":"Stanley L. Engerman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stanley L. Engerman","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.3928,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":47,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96755162,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"77","issue":"3","first_page":"306","last_page":"328"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10605","display_name":"Historical Economic and Social Studies","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10605","display_name":"Historical Economic and Social Studies","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11742","display_name":"Economic Theory and Policy","score":0.0019000000320374966,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10393","display_name":"Economic Growth and Productivity","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-expansion","display_name":"industrial expansion","score":0.9750000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrialization","display_name":"industrialization","score":0.699999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/19th-century","display_name":"19th century","score":0.7039999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iron-and-steel-industry","display_name":"iron and steel industry","score":0.6850000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-growth","display_name":"economic growth","score":0.625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-history","display_name":"industrial history","score":0.3179999887943268}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74916050","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q841090","display_name":"Classics","level":1,"score":0.4869424104690552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.4323156774044037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.4284779131412506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6303427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47398","display_name":"Economic history","level":1,"score":0.4091202914714813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161191863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199655","display_name":"Library science","level":1,"score":0.3248596787452698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3138907551765442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.2883220911026001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.10149788856506348}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1086/259518","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/259518","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1086/259518","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S95323914","display_name":"Journal of Political Economy","issn_l":"0022-3808","issn":["0022-3808","1537-534X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-1-star","ft50","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315672","host_organization_name":"University of Chicago Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315672","https://openalex.org/P4310315690"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Chicago Press","University of Chicago"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Political Economy","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1525013993","https://openalex.org/W1863554139","https://openalex.org/W1978638565","https://openalex.org/W2008209723","https://openalex.org/W2080452451"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1968689735","https://openalex.org/W2050567338","https://openalex.org/W2089918864","https://openalex.org/W562417391","https://openalex.org/W2568990413","https://openalex.org/W1971266771","https://openalex.org/W2514678685","https://openalex.org/W2070383284","https://openalex.org/W2511162084","https://openalex.org/W7038657263"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-27T14:10:00.468798","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}