{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1990408546","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1940703","title":"Predator\u2010Induced Morphological Defenses: Costs, Life History Shifts, and Maternal Effects in Daphnia Pulex","display_name":"Predator\u2010Induced Morphological Defenses: Costs, Life History Shifts, and Maternal Effects in Daphnia Pulex","publication_year":1995,"publication_date":"1995-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1990408546","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1940703","mag":"1990408546"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2307/1940703","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1940703","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1940703","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S35917800","display_name":"Ecology","issn_l":"0012-9658","issn":["0012-9658","1939-9170"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ecology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-000F-E301-3","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019326735","display_name":"R. Tollrian","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149899117","display_name":"Max Planck Society","ror":"https://ror.org/01hhn8329","country_code":"DE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152351","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology","ror":"https://ror.org/0534re684","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210152351"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ralpoh Tollrian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department Ecophysiology, Max Planck Institute for Limnology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Max Planck Society"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department Ecophysiology, Max Planck Institute for Limnology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Max Planck Society","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210152351"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5019326735"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210152351"],"apc_list":{"value":3970,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3970},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.2217,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":400,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97873652,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"76","issue":"6","first_page":"1691","last_page":"1705"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10174","display_name":"Animal Behavior and Reproduction","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1105","display_name":"Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10174","display_name":"Animal Behavior and Reproduction","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1105","display_name":"Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10135","display_name":"Insect-Plant Interactions and Control","score":0.001500000013038516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1109","display_name":"Insect Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11004","display_name":"Crustacean biology and ecology","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/daphnia-pulex","display_name":"Daphnia pulex","score":0.9139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chaoborus","display_name":"Chaoborus","score":0.8240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inducible-defenses","display_name":"induced defense","score":0.878000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kairomones","display_name":"kairomones","score":0.8040000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/life-history-trade-offs","display_name":"life-history trade-offs","score":0.953000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maternal-effects","display_name":"maternal effects","score":0.9520000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/body-size","display_name":"body size","score":0.8149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fecundity","display_name":"fecundity","score":0.8330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-to-maturity","display_name":"time to maturity","score":0.722000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbon-incorporation","display_name":"carbon incorporation","score":0.7070000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/predator-prey-interactions","display_name":"predator-prey interactions","score":0.5049999952316284}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779765374","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1080188","display_name":"Daphnia pulex","level":4,"score":0.9663556814193726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.8519487380981445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67283656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2587899","display_name":"Fecundity","level":3,"score":0.7142622470855713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780187675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q269354","display_name":"Daphnia","level":3,"score":0.6832696199417114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66698415","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1139127","display_name":"Life history theory","level":3,"score":0.6737052798271179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175809382","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q425522","display_name":"Kairomone","level":3,"score":0.6725131869316101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96857902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2138108","display_name":"Predator","level":3,"score":0.6053748726844788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.5778818130493164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778209801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2234359","display_name":"Midge","level":3,"score":0.5363963842391968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776987104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188360","display_name":"Branchiopoda","level":4,"score":0.5226330757141113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778208666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q768012","display_name":"Cladocera","level":3,"score":0.4990267753601074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778919138","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2120770","display_name":"Pulex","level":4,"score":0.494083434343338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992101111","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6545098","display_name":"Life history","level":2,"score":0.48898017406463623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32476901","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2179631","display_name":"Instar","level":3,"score":0.4789983928203583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90856448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431","display_name":"Zoology","level":1,"score":0.4753427505493164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188382862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170430","display_name":"Predation","level":2,"score":0.4388967454433441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180553826","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3333382","display_name":"Mesocosm","level":3,"score":0.41148287057876587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.35554826259613037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173758957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q129270","display_name":"Larva","level":2,"score":0.30319803953170776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84766238","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25364","display_name":"Crustacean","level":2,"score":0.21364077925682068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.08099544048309326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110872660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37813","display_name":"Ecosystem","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2307/1940703","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1940703","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1940703","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S35917800","display_name":"Ecology","issn_l":"0012-9658","issn":["0012-9658","1939-9170"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ecology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:edoc.mpg.de:210573","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://edoc.mpg.de/210573","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922265","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Ecology, v.76, 1691-1705 (1995)","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.mpg.de:item_1508501","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-000F-E301-3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400654","display_name":"MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I149899117","host_organization_name":"Max Planck Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Ecology","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"mag:2339772171","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/1940703","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.mpg.de:item_1508501","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-000F-E301-3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400654","display_name":"MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I149899117","host_organization_name":"Max Planck Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Ecology","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":70,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W137910801","https://openalex.org/W1510161501","https://openalex.org/W1544815196","https://openalex.org/W1579114536","https://openalex.org/W1608891029","https://openalex.org/W1693053641","https://openalex.org/W1960351623","https://openalex.org/W1964461404","https://openalex.org/W1964570667","https://openalex.org/W1965263848","https://openalex.org/W1967683961","https://openalex.org/W1968780658","https://openalex.org/W1973565894","https://openalex.org/W1983248156","https://openalex.org/W1994811904","https://openalex.org/W1996001943","https://openalex.org/W2000460356","https://openalex.org/W2007892541","https://openalex.org/W2009267020","https://openalex.org/W2009726786","https://openalex.org/W2009784802","https://openalex.org/W2013481682","https://openalex.org/W2017586855","https://openalex.org/W2032970371","https://openalex.org/W2033245490","https://openalex.org/W2035838336","https://openalex.org/W2043719222","https://openalex.org/W2047014960","https://openalex.org/W2047709308","https://openalex.org/W2047752581","https://openalex.org/W2049610547","https://openalex.org/W2050386887","https://openalex.org/W2052513956","https://openalex.org/W2054506250","https://openalex.org/W2056282502","https://openalex.org/W2057843163","https://openalex.org/W2060787045","https://openalex.org/W2067230409","https://openalex.org/W2068074687","https://openalex.org/W2069895484","https://openalex.org/W2071645275","https://openalex.org/W2071698290","https://openalex.org/W2076632301","https://openalex.org/W2077148314","https://openalex.org/W2081868903","https://openalex.org/W2085053260","https://openalex.org/W2089723586","https://openalex.org/W2091543905","https://openalex.org/W2091700996","https://openalex.org/W2091945184","https://openalex.org/W2095126090","https://openalex.org/W2097340670","https://openalex.org/W2106331948","https://openalex.org/W2118837495","https://openalex.org/W2124617950","https://openalex.org/W2124864119","https://openalex.org/W2139771479","https://openalex.org/W2140848412","https://openalex.org/W2149139805","https://openalex.org/W2154274485","https://openalex.org/W2155731072","https://openalex.org/W2161169328","https://openalex.org/W2161422175","https://openalex.org/W2161915736","https://openalex.org/W2165999897","https://openalex.org/W2325051536","https://openalex.org/W2333331885","https://openalex.org/W2534931380","https://openalex.org/W2764880534","https://openalex.org/W3158729949"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2339772171","https://openalex.org/W2076363760","https://openalex.org/W2171305068","https://openalex.org/W2057843163","https://openalex.org/W2318538425","https://openalex.org/W2002882556","https://openalex.org/W3141517367","https://openalex.org/W1983248156","https://openalex.org/W4214650302","https://openalex.org/W2072013053"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,295],"study":[1,90,236,296,350],"was":[2,118,135,185],"designed":[3],"to":[4,74,98,124,169,182,213,290,317],"measure":[5],"and":[6,18,34,66,79,112,114,127,222,230,251,284],"separate":[7],"the":[8,22,58,76,99,138,142,153,159,163,246,261,265,299,307,312,319,328,359],"physiological":[9,82,189,303],"costs":[10,239,304],"of":[11,27,161,175,191,207,264,311,321,330,348,361],"inducible":[12,322,362],"defenses":[13,40,292,313],"from":[14,227,306],"life":[15,36,62,202,214,281],"history":[16,37,63,103,203,215,282],"trade\u2014offs":[17],"maternal":[19,259,285],"effects":[20,286],"in":[21,88,96,137,141,152,158,272,288],"waterflea":[23],"Daphnia":[24,85,331],"pulex.":[25],"Juveniles":[26],"D.":[28],"pulex":[29],"produce":[30],"morphological":[31,325],"changes":[32,78,216,326],"(\"neckteeth\")":[33],"undergo":[35],"shifts":[38,149,204],"as":[39],"against":[41,293],"predatory":[42],"Chaoborus":[43,68],"(phantom":[44],"midge)":[45],"larvae.":[46],"These":[47],"traits":[48],"are":[49,205,314],"induced":[50,77,165,221,266],"by":[51,57,120,128,339],"a":[52,106,187,195,258,276,333,340],"chemical":[53],"cue":[54],"(kairomone)":[55],"released":[56],"predator.":[59],"I":[60],"performed":[61],"experiments":[64],"with":[65,354],"without":[67],"kairomones":[69],"at":[70,249,275],"different":[71],"food":[72],"levels":[73],"quantify":[75],"their":[80],"potential":[81],"costs.":[83,233],"The":[84,179,201,346],"clone":[86],"used":[87],"this":[89,235,349],"also":[91],"increased":[92,122,129,172],"its":[93,231],"body":[94,108,199],"depth":[95],"response":[97],"predator":[100,342,356],"substance.":[101],"Life":[102],"shifted":[104],"toward":[105],"larger":[107,198,269,277],"size":[109],"(both":[110],"length":[111],"depth)":[113],"higher":[115,136],"fecundity,":[116],"which":[117],"balanced":[119],"an":[121,171],"time":[123,181],"reach":[125,183],"maturity":[126,184],"adult":[130,144],"instar":[131],"durations.":[132],"Reproductive":[133],"effort":[134],"typical":[139],"morph":[140,167,267],"first":[143],"instar,":[145],"indicating":[146],"resource":[147],"allocation":[148],"towards":[150],"growth":[151,177],"protected":[154,166],"morph.":[155],"However,":[156],"even":[157],"absence":[160],"predation":[162],"chemically":[164],"tended":[168],"show":[170],"intrinsic":[173],"rate":[174],"population":[176],"(r).":[178],"longer":[180],"not":[186,255,315],"direct":[188,232,238],"cost":[190],"neckteeth":[192,208,219,228],"production,":[193],"but":[194],"trade\u2014off":[196],"for":[197,245],"size.":[200,278],"independent":[206],"formation.":[209],"Developmental":[210],"mechanisms":[211],"leading":[212],"occurred":[217],"after":[218],"were":[220,240,254],"could":[223],"thus":[224],"be":[225,337],"uncoupled":[226],"formation":[229,308],"In":[234],"no":[237],"found.":[241],"Carbon":[242],"incorporation":[243],"rates":[244],"two":[247],"morphs,":[248],"high":[250,302],"low":[252],"food,":[253],"different.":[256],"As":[257,324],"effect,":[260],"large":[262],"females":[263],"produced":[268],"neonates":[270],"which,":[271],"turn,":[273],"matured":[274],"Morphological":[279],"changes,":[280],"shifts,":[283],"acted":[287],"concert":[289],"form":[291],"Chaoborus.":[294],"shows":[297],"that":[298,352],"often":[300],"assumed":[301],"resulting":[305],"or":[309],"maintenance":[310],"necessary":[316],"explain":[318],"evolution":[320,360],"defenses.":[323,363],"increase":[327],"visibility":[329],"pulex,":[332],"fitness":[334],"disadvantage":[335],"can":[336],"caused":[338],"changing":[341,355],"regime":[343],"(e.g.,":[344],"fish).":[345],"results":[347],"suggest":[351],"environments":[353],"selectivities":[357],"favor":[358]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":18}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}