{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1990403357","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1179/sur.1987.3.2.138","title":"Internal Stress and Microstructure of Titanium Nitride Coatings","display_name":"Internal Stress and Microstructure of Titanium Nitride Coatings","publication_year":1987,"publication_date":"1987-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1990403357","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1179/sur.1987.3.2.138","mag":"1990403357"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1179/sur.1987.3.2.138","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1179/sur.1987.3.2.138","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1179/sur.1987.3.2.138","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2016056","display_name":"Surface Engineering","issn_l":"0267-0844","issn":["0267-0844","1743-2944"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320442","host_organization_name":"Maney Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320442"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Maney Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Surface Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076295995","display_name":"D.S. Rickerby","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2799-9566","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2799-9566"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. S. Rickerby","raw_affiliation_strings":["Materials Development Division, Harwell Laboratory, Didcot, Oxfordshire"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Materials Development Division, Harwell Laboratory, Didcot, Oxfordshire","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079628274","display_name":"B. Bellamy","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092957","display_name":"Research Complex at Harwell","ror":"https://ror.org/00gqx0331","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092957"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B. A. Bellamy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Materials Development Division, Harwell Laboratory"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Materials Development Division, Harwell Laboratory","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092957"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004522697","display_name":"A.M. Jones","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092957","display_name":"Research Complex at Harwell","ror":"https://ror.org/00gqx0331","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092957"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. M. Jones","raw_affiliation_strings":["Materials Development Division, Harwell Laboratory"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Materials Development Division, Harwell Laboratory","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092957"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":4150,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4150},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":11.463,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":46,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98866098,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"2","first_page":"138","last_page":"146"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10377","display_name":"Metal and Thin Film Mechanics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10377","display_name":"Metal and Thin Film Mechanics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13470","display_name":"Surface Treatment and Coatings","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11723","display_name":"Optical Coatings and Gratings","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2508","display_name":"Surfaces, Coatings and Films"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/titanium-nitride-coatings","display_name":"TiN coating","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-stress","display_name":"internal stress","score":0.9380000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microstructure","display_name":"microstructure","score":0.7649999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lattice-distortion","display_name":"lattice distortion","score":0.628000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microstrain","display_name":"microstrain","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal-stress","display_name":"thermal stress","score":0.8220000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-stress","display_name":"structural stress","score":0.8859999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stress-relaxation","display_name":"stress relaxation","score":0.8799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/substrate-bias-voltage","display_name":"substrate bias voltage","score":0.6769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lattice-parameters","display_name":"lattice parameters","score":0.7020000219345093}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.9185627698898315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778489163","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q415638","display_name":"Titanium nitride","level":4,"score":0.6467047333717346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87976508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1498213","display_name":"Microstructure","level":2,"score":0.5942698121070862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137637335","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899604","display_name":"Crystallite","level":2,"score":0.575812816619873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202974441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2576844","display_name":"Stress relaxation","level":3,"score":0.5489136576652527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781448156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1570182","display_name":"Coating","level":2,"score":0.54807049036026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194760766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q410851","display_name":"Nitride","level":3,"score":0.5437704920768738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.5402827262878418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22423302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898444","display_name":"Sputtering","level":3,"score":0.47967076301574707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C506065880","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q716","display_name":"Titanium","level":2,"score":0.4527303874492645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140676511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6964018","display_name":"Nanocrystalline material","level":2,"score":0.43793830275535583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.4191816449165344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61427134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q847609","display_name":"Sputter deposition","level":4,"score":0.41202038526535034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19067145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1137203","display_name":"Thin film","level":2,"score":0.35123130679130554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.19363248348236084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149912024","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q462188","display_name":"Creep","level":2,"score":0.12243258953094482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.11567768454551697}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1179/sur.1987.3.2.138","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1179/sur.1987.3.2.138","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1179/sur.1987.3.2.138","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2016056","display_name":"Surface Engineering","issn_l":"0267-0844","issn":["0267-0844","1743-2944"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320442","host_organization_name":"Maney Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320442"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Maney Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Surface Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1966091323","https://openalex.org/W1969433067","https://openalex.org/W1979827272","https://openalex.org/W1985321262","https://openalex.org/W2006911701","https://openalex.org/W2009676411","https://openalex.org/W2011407194","https://openalex.org/W2016919835","https://openalex.org/W2024316935","https://openalex.org/W2054050627","https://openalex.org/W2054678987","https://openalex.org/W2061764951","https://openalex.org/W2088795598","https://openalex.org/W2152888994","https://openalex.org/W6639775832"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2084854493","https://openalex.org/W2060195463","https://openalex.org/W2044330005","https://openalex.org/W2030250165","https://openalex.org/W4410875989","https://openalex.org/W2032493731","https://openalex.org/W2022338115","https://openalex.org/W2070280507","https://openalex.org/W2079286037","https://openalex.org/W2016645564"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Titanium":[0],"nitride":[1,31,217],"coatings":[2,32],"were":[3],"deposited":[4],"on":[5,126,156],"various":[6],"substrates":[7,147],"by":[8,19,132],"sputter":[9],"ion":[10],"plating":[11],"and":[12,42,53,78,84,90,115,149,153,158,179,215],"the":[13,20,30,47,50,54,79,96,113,118,129,136,140,144,162,176,183,188,198,207],"state":[14],"of":[15,38,49,56,71,101,112,117,128,139,185],"stress":[16,62,104,122],"was":[17,123],"determined":[18,45],"sin2":[21],"\u03a8":[22],"method.":[23],"The":[24,60,120],"lattice":[25,137],"distortions":[26,174,208],"which":[27],"occur":[28],"in":[29,36,64,76,135,187,213],"have":[33,165],"been":[34,166],"resolved":[35],"terms":[37],"a":[39,65,133],"macros":[40],"train":[41],"microstrain,":[43],"as":[44],"from":[46,95,146,209],"breadth":[48],"xray":[51],"reflections,":[52],"origins":[55],"each":[57],"are":[58],"discussed.":[59],"internal":[61,103,121],"present":[63],"coating":[66],"is":[67,192],"shown":[68],"to":[69,173,182],"consist":[70],"two":[72,108,169],"components,":[73],"one":[74,171,180],"thermal":[75],"origin":[77],"other":[80],"structural,":[81],"its":[82],"sign":[83],"magnitude":[85],"varying":[86],"with":[87],"substrate":[88,114],"material":[89],"bias":[91],"potential.":[92],"During":[93],"cooling":[94],"deposition":[97],"temperature":[98],"partial":[99],"relaxation":[100],"this":[102,201],"(macrostrain)":[105],"occurs":[106],"via":[107],"mechanisms:":[109],"plastic":[110],"deformation":[111],"yield":[116],"film.":[119,141],"completely":[124],"relaxed":[125],"dissolution":[127],"substrate,":[130],"accompanied":[131],"decrease":[134],"parameter":[138],"By":[142],"comparing":[143],"results":[145],"biased":[148],"unbiased":[150],"during":[151],"deposition,":[152],"measurements":[154,164],"made":[155],"adherent":[157],"free":[159],"standing":[160],"coatings,":[161],"microstrain":[163],"separated":[167],"into":[168],"parts,":[170],"due":[172,181],"at":[175],"grain":[177],"boundaries":[178],"presence":[184],"defects":[186],"crystallites.":[189],"A":[190],"model":[191],"proposed":[193],"that":[194],"accounts":[195],"for":[196,206],"all":[197],"experimental":[199],"observations;":[200],"also":[202],"provides":[203],"an":[204],"explanation":[205],"cubic":[210],"symmetry":[211],"reported":[212],"titanium":[214],"hafnium":[216],"films.":[218]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-29T14:09:16.559479","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
