{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1990330389","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3112/erdkunde.1959.01.03","title":"Die l\u00e4ndliche Kulturlandschaft der Hebriden und der westschottischen Hochlande","display_name":"Die l\u00e4ndliche Kulturlandschaft der Hebriden und der westschottischen Hochlande","publication_year":1959,"publication_date":"1959-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1990330389","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3112/erdkunde.1959.01.03","mag":"1990330389"},"language":"de","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3112/erdkunde.1959.01.03","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3112/erdkunde.1959.01.03","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3112/erdkunde.1959.01.03","pdf_url":"https://www.erdkunde.uni-bonn.de/article/download/1261/1250","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S24945758","display_name":"Erdkunde","issn_l":"0014-0015","issn":["0014-0015","2702-5985"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313822","host_organization_name":"University of Bonn","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313822"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Bonn"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ERDKUNDE","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://www.erdkunde.uni-bonn.de/article/download/1261/1250","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114005069","display_name":"Harald Uhlig","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Harald Uhlig","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5114005069"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":57.0204,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98854279,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12670","display_name":"Urbanism, Landscape, and Tourism Studies","score":0.7285000085830688,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3316","display_name":"Cultural Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12670","display_name":"Urbanism, Landscape, and Tourism Studies","score":0.7285000085830688,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3316","display_name":"Cultural Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14109","display_name":"Scottish History and National Identity","score":0.10599999874830246,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13339","display_name":"Landscape and Cultural Studies","score":0.019600000232458115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2216","display_name":"Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cultural-landscape","display_name":"cultural landscape","score":0.8180000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hebrides","display_name":"Hebrides","score":0.8500000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scottish-highlands","display_name":"Scottish Highlands","score":0.7480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outer-hebrides","display_name":"Outer Hebrides","score":0.7419999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machair","display_name":"machair","score":0.6399999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/run-up","display_name":"run-up","score":0.3540000021457672}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.33266493678092957}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3112/erdkunde.1959.01.03","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3112/erdkunde.1959.01.03","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3112/erdkunde.1959.01.03","pdf_url":"https://www.erdkunde.uni-bonn.de/article/download/1261/1250","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S24945758","display_name":"Erdkunde","issn_l":"0014-0015","issn":["0014-0015","2702-5985"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313822","host_organization_name":"University of Bonn","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313822"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Bonn"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ERDKUNDE","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3112/erdkunde.1959.01.03","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3112/erdkunde.1959.01.03","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3112/erdkunde.1959.01.03","pdf_url":"https://www.erdkunde.uni-bonn.de/article/download/1261/1250","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S24945758","display_name":"Erdkunde","issn_l":"0014-0015","issn":["0014-0015","2702-5985"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313822","host_organization_name":"University of Bonn","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313822"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Bonn"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ERDKUNDE","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1990330389.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1990330389.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2040626532","https://openalex.org/W2318165446","https://openalex.org/W2971908979","https://openalex.org/W7042838452","https://openalex.org/W6991200507","https://openalex.org/W3166530645","https://openalex.org/W571403177","https://openalex.org/W2061576401","https://openalex.org/W767561663","https://openalex.org/W2576614053"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,78,150,185,272,290,325,332,458,495,526,570,597,614,804,893,946,1020],"author,":[1],"who":[2],"for":[3,134,146,415],"some":[4,158,631],"years":[5],"has":[6],"carried":[7],"out":[8],"comparative":[9],"cultural":[10,196,534],"geographical":[11],"investigations":[12,30],"of":[13,16,28,55,59,67,80,101,116,166,181,191,194,204,218,229,242,250,260,267,295,314,341,344,369,386,449,492,510,522,547,551,567,589,603,616,643,660,667,680,687,695,699,714,721,726,738,750,772,791,796,801,814,822,829,836,851,857,869,886,902,928,930,932,949,961,1001,1003,1031,1056,1058],"the":[14,20,46,50,53,65,72,81,85,92,106,114,132,143,147,179,189,192,195,202,205,215,232,257,264,268,287,293,312,315,348,355,358,416,418,426,431,435,442,447,450,474,484,518,530,533,537,543,545,554,565,583,590,600,604,608,617,620,640,647,658,661,664,668,677,688,700,709,715,719,727,748,759,788,799,812,815,820,827,830,846,855,858,862,867,870,876,882,887,891,899,903,910,914,919,933,937,953,959,967,986,999,1006,1015,1023,1028,1043],"regions":[15,556],"Celtic":[17,316,400],"retreat":[18],"in":[19,31,34,97,171,178,283,353,362,372,391,398,404,532,553,599,622,630,646,708,718,735,747,833,890,952,1011],"British":[21,954],"Isles":[22,955],"and":[23,57,64,69,95,99,119,157,246,256,371,394,402,430,467,539,557,606,610,627,741,769,819,849,905,969,1038,1060],"Brittany,":[24],"presents":[25],"here":[26],"results":[27],"his":[29,628],"northwestern":[32],"Scotland":[33],"whose":[35],"out-of-the-way":[36],"location":[37],"many":[38],"past":[39,182],"forms":[40,188],"still":[41,123,221,378,595],"exert":[42],"their":[43,558,766,906],"influence":[44],"on":[45,71,84,91,105,109,126,357,409,560,787,913,958],"present":[47,900,1040],"landscape.":[48,197],"In":[49,347],"first":[51],"section":[52,528,895],"difficulties":[54],"relief":[56],"climate,":[58],"mossy":[60],"or":[61,441,704,733,924],"rocky":[62],"soils,":[63,94],"influences":[66],"climate":[68,83],"man":[70],"restricted":[73,975],"arable":[74,274],"land":[75,127,768,793],"are":[76,220,594,682,779,783,798,912,1018],"described.":[77,1019],"extremes":[79],"local":[82],"one":[86],"hand":[87,108],"prohibited":[88],"permanent":[89,273],"cultivation":[90],"machair":[93],"resulted":[96,255],"dessicatiion":[98],"formation":[100,566,813],"sand":[102],"dunes,":[103],"whereas":[104],"other":[107,342,399,1009],"damp":[110],"sites":[111],"such":[112],"as":[113,239,319,592,672,692,982,995],"Isle":[115,960],"Jura":[117],"reed":[118],"sphagnum":[120],"growth":[121],"could":[122],"be":[124,176],"observed":[125],"which":[128,219,280,364,843,1032],"had":[129,327],"been":[130],"under":[131],"plough":[133],"about":[135],"ten":[136],"years.":[137],"Inimical":[138],"nature":[139],"is":[140,307,377,388,395,422,612,624,650,653,673,939,956,964,972,980,1049],"however":[141],"not":[142,302,625],"only":[144,175],"reason":[145],"difficult":[148],"situation.":[149],"existing":[151],"contrast":[152],"between":[153,383],"extensive":[154],"empty":[155],"spaces":[156],"over-populated":[159],"coastal":[160,555,860],"stretches,":[161],"characterized":[162],"by":[163,322,488,501,724,765,826,1042],"part-time":[164],"farming":[165],"small":[167,770,834],"holdings,":[168],"otherwise":[169],"rare":[170],"Great":[172],"Britain,":[173],"can":[174],"understood":[177],"light":[180],"social":[183,209],"development.":[184],"Clan":[186],"system":[187],"basis":[190],"development":[193,1021],"Its":[198],"settlement":[199,681,808,1059],"unit":[200,294],"was":[201,226,275,292,299,335,352,453,486,637,811],"farm":[203,291,326],"joint":[206,824],"tenants,":[207],"a":[208,240,284,300,303,339,345,367,373,384,423,471,511,515,548,586,693,722,751,879,983],"group":[210],"with":[211,309,338,407,437,480,504,542,564,619,697,705,753,898,1052],"pronounced":[212],"team":[213],"work,":[214],"after":[216,875],"effects":[217],"felt":[222],"today.":[223,380,596],"Although":[224],"there":[225,351],"no":[227],"custom":[228],"divided":[230,276],"inheritance,":[231],"farmland":[233],"nevertheless":[234],"became":[235,263,581],"greatly":[236],"split":[237],"up":[238],"result":[241,694],"letting":[243],"to":[244,311,366,425,434,446,456,473,507,517,639,656,758,806,881,918,966,976,985,1008,1027,1050],"relations":[245],"labourers.":[247],"Arable":[248],"shares":[249],"1\u20142":[251],"acres":[252],"per":[253],"family":[254],"uneconomic":[258],"size":[259,771],"these":[261,778,807],"holdings":[262],"main":[265],"argument":[266],"18th":[269,538,669,831],"century":[270,670,832,872],"reformers.":[271],"into":[277,942],"open":[278,330,432,728],"strips":[279,861],"changed":[281],"hands":[282],"periodic":[285],"rotation,":[286],"run-rig":[288,702,706],"system.":[289],"management,":[296],"but":[297,763,794,971],"it":[298,654],"hamlet,":[301],"single":[304],"farmstead;":[305],"this":[306,376,992],"important":[308],"reference":[310],"question":[313],"Einzelhof":[317],"theory":[318],"put":[320],"forward":[321],"A.":[323],"Meitzen.":[324],"its":[328,438,1039],"own":[329],"infield.":[331],"common":[333,392,496,767],"pasture":[334,497],"usually":[336],"shared":[337],"number":[340,368,385,550],"hamlets":[343,387],"township.":[346],"Outer":[349],"Hebrides":[350],"addition":[354],"outfield":[356,485,707],"machair,":[359],"also":[360,403,607],"worked":[361],"run-rig,":[363],"belonged":[365],"hamlets,":[370],"few":[374],"instances":[375],"so":[379],"This":[381],"Link":[382],"probably":[389],"rooted":[390],"kinship":[393],"similary":[396],"found":[397],"areas,":[401],"Teutonic":[405],"areas":[406],"emphasis":[408],"animal":[410],"husbandry.":[411],"Similar":[412],"parallels":[413],"exist":[414],"settlement;":[417],"old":[419,701],"clachan":[420],"hamlet":[421],"parallel":[424,472,516,563,880],"north-west":[427,475],"German":[428,476,633,760],"drubbel":[429],"infield":[433,459,703],"esch":[436],"langstreifen":[439],"flur":[440],"Breton":[443],"m\u00a3jou.":[444],"Prior":[445],"introduction":[448],"potato":[451],"tillage":[452],"largely":[454],"limited":[455],"oats.":[457],"received":[460],"all":[461],"available":[462],"manure,":[463],"dung,":[464],"sea":[465],"weed,":[466],"rotted":[468],"thatch":[469],"\u2014":[470,482,685,712,731,745,775],"plaggen":[477],"dungung":[478],"(manuring":[479],"turf)":[481],"while":[483],"utilised":[487],"an":[489,943,950],"unregulated":[490],"kind":[491],"ley":[493],"farming.":[494],"grounds":[498],"were":[499,1036],"supplemented":[500],"summer":[502],"pastures":[503,509],"flock":[505],"migration":[506],"distant":[508],"similar":[512,757,965],"low":[513],"altitude,":[514],"Swedish":[519],"faboda":[520],"type":[521,642],"almwirtschaft":[523,951,994],"(or":[524],"transhumance).":[525],"second":[527],"describes":[529],"changes":[531,666],"landscape":[535],"during":[536,1005],"19th":[540,871],"centuries":[541],"clearances,":[544],"agglomeration":[546],"great":[549,665],"people":[552],"resettlement":[559],"crofts":[561,737],"running":[562],"large":[568,816],"farms.":[569],"non-agricultural":[571],"supplementary":[572,907],"occupations":[573],"like":[574,921],"fishing,":[575],"kelp":[576],"making,":[577],"tweed":[578,922],"weaving,":[579,923],"etc.,":[580],"from":[582,866,993,1022],"very":[584],"start":[585],"necessary":[587],"attribute":[588],"crofter":[591,605,618,938],"they":[593,782],"status":[598],"agrarian":[601],"society":[602],"cottar":[609],"squatter":[611,785],"discussed.":[613],"parallelisation":[615],"heuerling":[621],"Westphalia":[623],"accepted":[626],"characterization":[629],"recent":[632],"publication":[634],"where":[635],"he":[636],"likened":[638],"former":[641,802,823],"agricultural":[644],"labourer":[645],"(German)":[648],"lowlands":[649],"criticized.":[651],"Neither":[652],"correct":[655],"call":[657],"joint-tenants":[659],"time":[662],"before":[663],"crofters,":[671],"frequently":[674,784],"done.":[675],"Today":[676],"following":[678],"types":[679,809,1017,1057],"found:":[683],"1st":[684],"Remains":[686],"cladians,":[689],"less":[690],"compact":[691,736,754],"depopulation,":[696],"traces":[698],"machair;":[710],"2nd":[711],"Resiting":[713],"dwelling":[716],"houses":[717],"form":[720,749,845],"row":[723,752],"retention":[725],"fieldstrips;":[729],"3rd":[730],"Separation":[732],"re-allocation":[734],"irregular":[739],"shapes":[740],"irregularly":[742],"distributed;":[743],"4th":[744],"Settlement":[746],"strip-shaped":[755],"crofts,":[756],"(wald-)":[761],"hufendorfer,":[762],"different":[764,997],"holdings;":[773],"5th":[774],"Isolated":[776],"crofts;":[777],"rarely":[780],"original,":[781],"settlements":[786],"smallest":[789],"pieces":[790],"usable":[792],"most":[795],"them":[797],"remains":[800,948],"hamlets.":[803],"complement":[805],"mentioned":[810],"isolated":[817],"farms":[818,1010],"settling":[821],"tenants":[825],"landlords":[828],"ports":[835],"urban":[837],"character":[838],"(with":[839],"attempts":[840],"at":[841],"industrialization)":[842],"now":[844],"service":[847],"centres":[848],"places":[850],"tourist":[852],"trade.":[853],"With":[854],"exception":[856],"overpopulated":[859],"country":[863],"suffered":[864],"depopulation":[865],"middle":[868],"onward,":[873],"i.e.":[874],"clearances":[877],"proper,":[878],"h\u00f6henflucht":[883],"(population":[884],"recession":[885],"higher":[888],"altitudes)":[889],"Alps.":[892],"last":[894,947],"deals":[896],"further":[897],"agriculture":[901],"crofters":[904],"occupations.":[908],"While":[909],"latter":[911],"whole":[915],"closely":[916],"tied":[917],"croft,":[920],"necessitate":[925],"long":[926],"periods":[927],"absence":[929],"members":[931],"family,":[934],"around":[935],"Stornoway":[936],"gradually":[940],"turning":[941],"industrial":[944],"commuter.":[945],"described":[957],"Lewis.":[962],"It":[963],"Alpine":[968],"Scandinavian,":[970],"today":[973],"mostly":[974],"young":[977],"cattle.":[978],"There":[979],"further,":[981],"parallelism":[984],"Mediterranean":[987],"transhumance":[988],"(German":[989],"geographers":[990],"separate":[991],"two":[996],"types)":[998],"sending":[1000],"flocks":[1002],"sheep":[1004],"winter":[1007],"sheltered":[1012],"sites.":[1013],"Finally":[1014],"house":[1016],"earlier":[1024],"corbelled":[1025],"structures":[1026],"black":[1029],"house,":[1030],"five":[1033],"regional":[1034],"sub-types":[1035],"recognised,":[1037],"supersedence":[1041],"white":[1044],"house.":[1045],"A":[1046],"later":[1047],"paper":[1048],"deal":[1051],"more":[1053],"detailed":[1054],"examples":[1055],"economy.":[1061]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}