{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1990295470","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0121733","title":"Where Do the Poorest Go to Seek Outpatient Care in Bangladesh: Hospitals Run by Government or Microfinance Institutions?","display_name":"Where Do the Poorest Go to Seek Outpatient Care in Bangladesh: Hospitals Run by Government or Microfinance Institutions?","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-03-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1990295470","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0121733","mag":"1990295470","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25807500","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4373946"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0121733","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0121733","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0121733","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0121733&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202381698","display_name":"PLoS ONE","issn_l":"1932-6203","issn":["1932-6203"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS ONE","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0121733&type=printable","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061340335","display_name":"Yu-Hwei Tseng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1024-0652","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1024-0652"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16733864","display_name":"National Taiwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bqach95","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yu-hwei Tseng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Health Policy and Management, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Health Policy and Management, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019453131","display_name":"Mujibul Alam Khan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mujibul Alam Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Initiative for Social Empowerment (RISE), Dhaka, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Initiative for Social Empowerment (RISE), Dhaka, Bangladesh","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5061340335"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"],"apc_list":{"value":2382,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2382},"apc_paid":{"value":2382,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2382},"fwci":1.306,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85387363,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"3","first_page":"e0121733","last_page":"e0121733"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10987","display_name":"Microfinance and Financial Inclusion","score":0.8413000106811523,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10987","display_name":"Microfinance and Financial Inclusion","score":0.8413000106811523,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11531","display_name":"Healthcare Systems and Reforms","score":0.13660000264644623,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13633","display_name":"Public Health and Social Inequalities","score":0.003800000064074993,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microfinance-institutions","display_name":"microfinance institutions","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-hospitals","display_name":"public hospitals","score":0.734000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outpatient-utilization","display_name":"outpatient care utilization","score":0.6729999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/socioeconomic-inequities","display_name":"socioeconomic inequities","score":0.6290000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/poverty-targeting","display_name":"poverty targeting","score":0.6159999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/household-income","display_name":"household income","score":0.7850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preventive-care","display_name":"preventive medicine","score":0.7099999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care-costs","display_name":"health care costs","score":0.6209999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/primary-care","display_name":"primary care","score":0.8299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bangladesh","display_name":"Bangladesh","score":0.8560000061988831}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28129649","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926217","display_name":"Microfinance","level":2,"score":0.8072962760925293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781354955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11920938","display_name":"Marital status","level":3,"score":0.6617788076400757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189326681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10294","display_name":"Poverty","level":2,"score":0.5591449737548828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147077947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1515895","display_name":"Socioeconomic status","level":3,"score":0.536835789680481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5195258259773254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.49721506237983704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53084192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1485121","display_name":"Gee","level":3,"score":0.4742683172225952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142052008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q954027","display_name":"Cross-sectional study","level":2,"score":0.4626280963420868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780892066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1591167","display_name":"Household income","level":2,"score":0.46123385429382324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45355965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1643441","display_name":"Socioeconomics","level":1,"score":0.45007801055908203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.3723955452442169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3598422706127167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27403532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532474","display_name":"Generalized estimating equation","level":2,"score":0.26922523975372314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.1928063929080963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.19200998544692993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.15155088901519775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.10319921374320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000367","descriptor_name":"Age Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000553","descriptor_name":"Ambulatory Care","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001459","descriptor_name":"Bangladesh","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003430","descriptor_name":"Cross-Sectional Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005380","descriptor_name":"Financing, Government","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005382","descriptor_name":"Financing, Personal","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006076","descriptor_name":"Government","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006297","descriptor_name":"Health Services Accessibility","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006761","descriptor_name":"Hospitals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010045","descriptor_name":"Outpatients","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011203","descriptor_name":"Poverty","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0121733","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0121733","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0121733","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0121733&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202381698","display_name":"PLoS ONE","issn_l":"1932-6203","issn":["1932-6203"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS ONE","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:25807500","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25807500","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PloS one","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:4373946","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4373946/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLoS One","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.799.1525","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.799.1525","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ftp://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/dc/e0/pone.0121733.PMC4373946.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:plo:pone00:0121733","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0121733","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:53cd26e011a243c3a2ad2da6a09d5252","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/53cd26e011a243c3a2ad2da6a09d5252","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PLoS ONE, Vol 10, Iss 3, p e0121733 (2015)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/1355639","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/_Where_Do_the_Poorest_Go_to_Seek_Outpatient_Care_in_Bangladesh_Hospitals_Run_by_Government_or_Microfinance_Institutions_/1355639","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Dataset"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0121733","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0121733","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0121733","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0121733&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202381698","display_name":"PLoS ONE","issn_l":"1932-6203","issn":["1932-6203"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS ONE","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9789000153541565},{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.8974000215530396},{"display_name":"No poverty","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","score":0.8928999900817871}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323900","display_name":"National Taiwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bqach95"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324333","display_name":"Ministry of Health and Family Welfare","ror":"https://ror.org/04pqetg36"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1990295470.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1990295470.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":65,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1562524651","https://openalex.org/W1565006496","https://openalex.org/W1565893470","https://openalex.org/W1569777971","https://openalex.org/W1798197194","https://openalex.org/W1818699214","https://openalex.org/W1952163141","https://openalex.org/W1955934323","https://openalex.org/W1966109747","https://openalex.org/W1967405592","https://openalex.org/W1968842813","https://openalex.org/W1974989013","https://openalex.org/W1978349270","https://openalex.org/W1984570384","https://openalex.org/W1985454438","https://openalex.org/W1994153796","https://openalex.org/W1996868482","https://openalex.org/W2000040518","https://openalex.org/W2000056276","https://openalex.org/W2003379419","https://openalex.org/W2007260338","https://openalex.org/W2027579047","https://openalex.org/W2028038980","https://openalex.org/W2036363369","https://openalex.org/W2039740558","https://openalex.org/W2042386526","https://openalex.org/W2047782512","https://openalex.org/W2049828112","https://openalex.org/W2061508149","https://openalex.org/W2068155640","https://openalex.org/W2068243977","https://openalex.org/W2068470820","https://openalex.org/W2082753240","https://openalex.org/W2083902287","https://openalex.org/W2090992026","https://openalex.org/W2094275299","https://openalex.org/W2095519644","https://openalex.org/W2105139272","https://openalex.org/W2107542071","https://openalex.org/W2108372621","https://openalex.org/W2109387850","https://openalex.org/W2112983034","https://openalex.org/W2114482642","https://openalex.org/W2118771012","https://openalex.org/W2121554656","https://openalex.org/W2125687040","https://openalex.org/W2125849337","https://openalex.org/W2132808418","https://openalex.org/W2133229809","https://openalex.org/W2133959349","https://openalex.org/W2136709565","https://openalex.org/W2137259337","https://openalex.org/W2144409097","https://openalex.org/W2145914525","https://openalex.org/W2149592061","https://openalex.org/W2165113688","https://openalex.org/W2184918837","https://openalex.org/W2333014050","https://openalex.org/W2333110475","https://openalex.org/W2475445044","https://openalex.org/W2611255668","https://openalex.org/W2734052717","https://openalex.org/W2901452726","https://openalex.org/W2954809022","https://openalex.org/W4299007330"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7096841799","https://openalex.org/W7219384130","https://openalex.org/W2889320412","https://openalex.org/W2183846995","https://openalex.org/W2187168379","https://openalex.org/W432618824","https://openalex.org/W2751542147","https://openalex.org/W7001119433","https://openalex.org/W2994734057","https://openalex.org/W1497112562"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"INTRODUCTION:":[0],"Health":[1],"programs":[2,54,292],"implemented":[3],"by":[4,35,222],"microfinance":[5,36,314],"institutions":[6,37],"(MFIs)":[7],"aim":[8],"to":[9,25,50,72,128,134,191,217,281,297],"benefit":[10],"the":[11,18,27,45,53,68,192,198,204,212,242,318],"poor,":[12],"but":[13,187,241],"whether":[14],"these":[15,131],"services":[16,258],"reach":[17],"poorest":[19,243],"remains":[20],"uncertain.":[21],"This":[22,304],"study":[23,305],"intended":[24],"investigate":[26],"socioeconomic":[28],"distribution":[29],"of":[30,140,256],"patients":[31],"in":[32,41,84,89,232,259,272],"hospitals":[33,49,86,142,274,279],"operated":[34],"(i.e.":[38],"MFI":[39,90,135,141,219,260,273,278],"hospitals)":[40],"Bangladesh":[42],"and":[43,87,113,162,175,194,203,229,301,313],"compare":[44],"differences":[46],"with":[47,57,82,145,170,197,224],"public":[48,85,171,276],"determine":[51],"if":[52],"were":[55,94,201,209,239],"consistent":[56],"their":[58,283],"pro-poor":[59],"mandate.":[60],"METHODS:":[61],"In":[62],"this":[63],"cross-sectional":[64],"study,":[65],"we":[66,177],"used":[67],"convenience":[69],"sampling":[70],"method":[71],"conduct":[73],"an":[74],"interviewer-assisted":[75],"questionnaire":[76],"survey":[77],"among":[78],"347":[79],"female":[80],"outpatients,":[81],"170":[83],"177":[88],"hospitals.":[91,172],"Independent":[92],"variables":[93],"patient":[95],"characteristics":[96],"categorized":[97],"into":[98],"predisposing":[99],"factors":[100,108,115,132],"(age,":[101],"education,":[102],"marital":[103],"status,":[104],"family":[105],"size),":[106],"enabling":[107],"(microcredit":[109],"membership,":[110],"household":[111,155,159],"income)":[112],"need":[114,163],"(self-rated":[116],"health,":[117],"perceived":[118],"needs":[119],"for":[120,164,309],"care).":[121],"We":[122,286],"employed":[123],"Generalized":[124],"Estimating":[125],"Equations":[126],"(GEE)":[127],"evaluate":[129],"how":[130],"contributed":[133],"hospital":[136],"use.":[137],"RESULTS:":[138],"Use":[139],"was":[143,264,269],"associated":[144],"microcredit":[146,179,206],"membership":[147,174,188],"over":[148],"5":[149],"years":[150],"(OR=2.9,":[151],"p<.01),":[152,168],"moderately":[153],"poor":[154],"(OR=4.09,":[156],"p<.001),":[157],"non-poor":[158,210,233],"(OR=7.34,":[160],"p<.01)":[161],"preventive":[165,257],"care":[166,296,299],"(OR=3.4,":[167],"compared":[169],"Combining":[173],"income,":[176],"found":[178],"members":[180,207,223,240],"had":[181,211,244],"a":[182,245,253],"higher":[183,254],"tendency":[184],"towards":[185],"utilization":[186,255],"effect":[189],"pertained":[190],"non-":[193],"moderately-poor.":[195],"Compared":[196],"group":[199],"who":[200,208,238],"non-members":[202,231],"poorest,":[205],"highest":[213],"likelihood":[214],"(OR=7.46,":[215],"p<.001)":[216,228],"visit":[218],"hospitals,":[220,261],"followed":[221],"moderate":[225],"income":[226],"(OR=6.91,":[227],"then":[230],"households":[234],"(OR=4.48,":[235],"p<.01).":[236],"Those":[237],"negative":[246],"association":[247],"(OR=0.42),":[248],"though":[249],"not":[250],"significant.":[251],"Despite":[252],"expenditure":[262],"there":[263],"significantly":[265],"higher.":[266],"CONCLUSION:":[267],"Inequity":[268],"more":[270],"pronounced":[271],"than":[275],"ones.":[277],"appeared":[280],"miss":[282],"target":[284],"population.":[285],"suggest":[287],"that":[288],"MFIs":[289],"reorganize":[290],"health":[291,295],"toward":[293],"primary":[294],"make":[298],"equitable":[300],"universally":[302],"accessible.":[303],"holds":[306],"practical":[307],"implications":[308],"governments,":[310],"development":[311],"agencies":[312],"practitioners":[315],"working":[316],"at":[317],"grassroots":[319],"level.":[320]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
