{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1990038565","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1745692","title":"Arithmetic Operations in a Binary Computer","display_name":"Arithmetic Operations in a Binary Computer","publication_year":1950,"publication_date":"1950-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1990038565","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1745692","mag":"1990038565"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1063/1.1745692","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1745692","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1745692","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S31010182","display_name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","issn_l":"0034-6748","issn":["0034-6748","1089-7623","1527-2400"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320257","host_organization_name":"American Institute of Physics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320257"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Robert F. Shaw","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Robert F. Shaw","raw_affiliation_strings":["Eckert-Mauchly Computer Corporation, 3747 Ridge Avenue, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Eckert-Mauchly Computer Corporation, 3747 Ridge Avenue, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.8732,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":32,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84236453,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"8","first_page":"687","last_page":"693"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11697","display_name":"Numerical Methods and Algorithms","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11697","display_name":"Numerical Methods and Algorithms","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11693","display_name":"Cryptography and Residue Arithmetic","score":0.0034000000450760126,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12797","display_name":"History of Computing Technologies","score":0.0012000000569969416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-arithmetic","display_name":"binary arithmetic","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-computers","display_name":"digital computers","score":0.5379999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signed-number-representation","display_name":"signed number representation","score":0.6880000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/negative-numbers","display_name":"negative numbers","score":0.7760000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-multiplication","display_name":"binary multiplication","score":0.7429999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-division","display_name":"binary division","score":0.8209999799728394}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.7787094712257385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7304508090019226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.7111018896102905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60798267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1226939","display_name":"Division (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.6672531366348267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112313634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7886648","display_name":"Complement (music)","level":5,"score":0.6659595966339111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139676723","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1193832","display_name":"Sign (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.6390882730484009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780595030","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3860309","display_name":"Multiplication (music)","level":2,"score":0.5871270298957825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5605176687240601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.36293768882751465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.21804141998291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.20332631468772888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127716648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104053","display_name":"Phenotype","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188082640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1780899","display_name":"Complementation","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1063/1.1745692","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1745692","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1745692","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S31010182","display_name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","issn_l":"0034-6748","issn":["0034-6748","1089-7623","1527-2400"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320257","host_organization_name":"American Institute of Physics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320257"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":1,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1496427046"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2904668037","https://openalex.org/W2515601901","https://openalex.org/W3022353164","https://openalex.org/W2050807471","https://openalex.org/W2054838175","https://openalex.org/W204801078","https://openalex.org/W2613555687","https://openalex.org/W7095258082","https://openalex.org/W3021394583","https://openalex.org/W2047825412"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,19,74],"application":[1],"of":[2,9,27,43,46,51,81,84],"binary":[3],"arithmetic":[4],"in":[5,17,36,95],"the":[6,25,33,37,44,52,82],"computing":[7],"circuits":[8],"a":[10,41,79,91],"high":[11],"speed":[12],"digital":[13],"computer":[14,64],"is":[15,66,76],"discussed":[16],"detail.":[18],"discussion":[20,80],"covers,":[21],"with":[22,78,90],"numerous":[23],"examples,":[24],"use":[26,45,65],"complements":[28],"to":[29,54,62],"represent":[30],"negative":[31,85],"numbers,":[32],"corrections":[34],"necessary":[35],"multiplication":[38],"process":[39,53],"as":[40,87],"result":[42],"complements,":[47],"and":[48,68],"additional":[49],"modifications":[50],"simplify":[55],"mechanization.":[56],"A":[57],"special":[58],"division":[59],"method":[60],"well-adapted":[61],"automatic":[63],"described,":[67],"round-off":[69],"procedures":[70],"are":[71],"noted":[72],"briefly.":[73],"article":[75],"concluded":[77],"storage":[83],"numbers":[86],"absolute":[88],"values":[89],"sign":[92],"rather":[93],"than":[94],"complement":[96],"form.":[97]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}