{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1989751608","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.106.208101","title":"Undulatory Swimming in Viscoelastic Fluids","display_name":"Undulatory Swimming in Viscoelastic Fluids","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-05-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1989751608","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.106.208101","mag":"1989751608","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21668264"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1103/physrevlett.106.208101","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.106.208101","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.106.208101","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S24807848","display_name":"Physical Review Letters","issn_l":"0031-9007","issn":["0031-9007","1079-7114","1092-0145"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320261","host_organization_name":"American Physical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320261"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Physical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Physical Review Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1102.3894","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110788424","display_name":"Xiaoning Shen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"X. N. Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075716876","display_name":"Paulo E. Arratia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2566-2663","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2566-2663"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"P. E. Arratia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5075716876"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"],"apc_list":{"value":3750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3750},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.8493,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":224,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98548411,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"106","issue":"20","first_page":"208101","last_page":"208101"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11486","display_name":"Micro and Nano Robotics","score":0.9448000192642212,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3104","display_name":"Condensed Matter Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11486","display_name":"Micro and Nano Robotics","score":0.9448000192642212,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3104","display_name":"Condensed Matter Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11379","display_name":"Rheology and Fluid Dynamics Studies","score":0.02930000051856041,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1507","display_name":"Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11170","display_name":"Biomimetic flight and propulsion mechanisms","score":0.012799999676644802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/undulatory-swimming","display_name":"undulatory swimming","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/viscoelastic-fluids","display_name":"viscoelastic fluids","score":0.9070000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/caenorhabditis-elegans","display_name":"Caenorhabditis elegans","score":0.9269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-propulsion","display_name":"self-propulsion","score":0.8859999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fluid-elasticity","display_name":"fluid elasticity","score":0.890999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elastic-stress","display_name":"elastic stress","score":0.5609999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperbolic-points","display_name":"hyperbolic points","score":0.7680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/velocity-field","display_name":"velocity field","score":0.7129999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microswimmers","display_name":"microswimmers","score":0.5690000057220459}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121854251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q62932","display_name":"Elasticity (physics)","level":2,"score":0.794263482093811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186541917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q910483","display_name":"Viscoelasticity","level":2,"score":0.783216118812561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1034443","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2583685","display_name":"Propulsion","level":2,"score":0.7047134637832642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C294558","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q366968","display_name":"Newtonian fluid","level":2,"score":0.6994613409042358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.48430052399635315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.48339810967445374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.4808562397956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119887631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3074478","display_name":"Complex fluid","level":2,"score":0.41510745882987976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.36963212490081787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.13623255491256714}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007700","descriptor_name":"Kinetics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009068","descriptor_name":"Movement","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013550","descriptor_name":"Swimming","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017173","descriptor_name":"Caenorhabditis elegans","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D055682","descriptor_name":"Viscoelastic Substances","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1103/physrevlett.106.208101","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.106.208101","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.106.208101","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S24807848","display_name":"Physical Review Letters","issn_l":"0031-9007","issn":["0031-9007","1079-7114","1092-0145"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320261","host_organization_name":"American Physical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320261"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Physical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Physical Review Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:21668264","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21668264","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Physical review letters","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1102.3894","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1102.3894","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1102.3894","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.upenn.edu:20.500.14332/39993","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.upenn.edu/handle/20.500.14332/39993","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402083","display_name":"ScholarlyCommons (University of Pennsylvania)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","host_organization_name":"University of Pennsylvania","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"published","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.upenn.edu:meam_papers-1283","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.upenn.edu/meam_papers/273","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196331","display_name":"Scholarly Commons (University of Pennsylvania)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","host_organization_name":"University of Pennsylvania","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Departmental Papers (MEAM)","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.1102.3894","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1102.3894","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1102.3894","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1102.3894","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1102.3894","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1102.3894","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2028846668","display_name":"CAREER: Locomotion of Small Organisms in Complex Fluids","funder_award_id":"0954084","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337390","display_name":"Division of Chemical, Bioengineering, Environmental, and Transport Systems","ror":"https://ror.org/0471zv972"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1989751608.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1989751608.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1504463291","https://openalex.org/W1944127002","https://openalex.org/W1970644774","https://openalex.org/W1979857182","https://openalex.org/W1993509370","https://openalex.org/W1995930331","https://openalex.org/W1999030021","https://openalex.org/W2007542224","https://openalex.org/W2015528845","https://openalex.org/W2019976059","https://openalex.org/W2025562104","https://openalex.org/W2026293591","https://openalex.org/W2036947804","https://openalex.org/W2046961461","https://openalex.org/W2047420743","https://openalex.org/W2056370235","https://openalex.org/W2066557724","https://openalex.org/W2075799200","https://openalex.org/W2079552101","https://openalex.org/W2112639590","https://openalex.org/W2119515379","https://openalex.org/W2131310780","https://openalex.org/W2132213368","https://openalex.org/W2146933610","https://openalex.org/W2519742913","https://openalex.org/W4239173138"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4388584675","https://openalex.org/W2945761200","https://openalex.org/W2752538788","https://openalex.org/W2137895446","https://openalex.org/W79403710","https://openalex.org/W1818169231","https://openalex.org/W1995930331","https://openalex.org/W1841081611","https://openalex.org/W2006536085","https://openalex.org/W2763740680"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"effects":[1],"of":[2,9,72],"fluid":[3,31,39],"elasticity":[4,32,40],"on":[5],"the":[6,10,19,24,58,70,79],"swimming":[7],"behavior":[8],"nematode":[11],"Caenorhabditis":[12],"elegans":[13],"are":[14],"experimentally":[15],"investigated":[16],"by":[17],"tracking":[18],"nematode's":[20],"motion":[21],"and":[22],"measuring":[23],"corresponding":[25],"velocity":[26],"fields.":[27],"We":[28],"find":[29],"that":[30],"hinders":[33],"self-propulsion.":[34],"Compared":[35],"to":[36,42,44,69],"Newtonian":[37],"solutions,":[38],"leads":[41],"up":[43],"35%":[45],"slower":[46],"propulsion.":[47],"Furthermore,":[48],"self-propulsion":[49,63],"decreases":[50],"as":[51],"elastic":[52],"stresses":[53],"grow":[54],"in":[55,57,62,64,78],"magnitude":[56],"fluid.":[59],"This":[60],"decrease":[61],"viscoelastic":[65],"fluids":[66],"is":[67],"related":[68],"stretching":[71],"flexible":[73],"molecules":[74],"near":[75],"hyperbolic":[76],"points":[77],"flow.":[80]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
