{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1989537402","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2010.09020178","title":"Posttraumatic Stress Without Trauma in Children","display_name":"Posttraumatic Stress Without Trauma in Children","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-06-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1989537402","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2010.09020178","mag":"1989537402","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20551161","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2936664"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2010.09020178","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2010.09020178","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2010.09020178","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116025658","display_name":"American Journal of Psychiatry","issn_l":"0002-953X","issn":["0002-953X","1535-7228"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316602","host_organization_name":"American Psychiatric Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Psychiatric Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Psychiatry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2936664","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050584017","display_name":"William Copeland","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1348-7781","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1348-7781"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126298","display_name":"Duke Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/03njmea73","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210126298","https://openalex.org/I4210144876"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William E. Copeland","raw_affiliation_strings":["From Duke University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"From Duke University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126298"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083463046","display_name":"Gordon P. Keeler","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126298","display_name":"Duke Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/03njmea73","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210126298","https://openalex.org/I4210144876"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gordon Keeler","raw_affiliation_strings":["From Duke University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"From Duke University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126298"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045943993","display_name":"Adrian C. Angold","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126298","display_name":"Duke Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/03njmea73","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210126298","https://openalex.org/I4210144876"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adrian Angold","raw_affiliation_strings":["From Duke University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"From Duke University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126298"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008550386","display_name":"E. Jane Costello","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5094-9017","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5094-9017"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126298","display_name":"Duke Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/03njmea73","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210126298","https://openalex.org/I4210144876"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E. Jane Costello","raw_affiliation_strings":["From Duke University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"From Duke University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126298"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126298"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.6195,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":62,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95329857,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"167","issue":"9","first_page":"1059","last_page":"1065"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10242","display_name":"Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10242","display_name":"Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10426","display_name":"Child Abuse and Trauma","score":0.008200000040233135,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10182","display_name":"Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/posttraumatic-stress-disorder","display_name":"post-traumatic stress disorder","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/children","display_name":"children","score":0.7590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subclinical-ptsd","display_name":"subclinical PTSD","score":0.8220000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperarousal","display_name":"hyperarousal","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/avoidance-symptoms","display_name":"avoidance symptoms","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/community-sample","display_name":"community sample","score":0.4309999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/longitudinal-follow-up","display_name":"longitudinal follow-up","score":0.5920000076293945}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125370674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1527480","display_name":"Stressor","level":2,"score":0.9163011312484741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113280763","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2326546","display_name":"Subclinical infection","level":2,"score":0.7953355312347412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100660578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18733","display_name":"Recall","level":2,"score":0.6299729347229004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2991847609","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202387","display_name":"Posttraumatic stress","level":2,"score":0.504301905632019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4777718782424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.465833842754364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.3912014961242676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.35424739122390747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.15747389197349548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000367","descriptor_name":"Age Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005500","descriptor_name":"Follow-Up Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008016","descriptor_name":"Life Change Events","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009657","descriptor_name":"North Carolina","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011336","descriptor_name":"Probability","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011569","descriptor_name":"Psychiatric Status Rating Scales","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011594","descriptor_name":"Psychometrics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012307","descriptor_name":"Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013313","descriptor_name":"Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013313","descriptor_name":"Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013313","descriptor_name":"Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015995","descriptor_name":"Prevalence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D039721","descriptor_name":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2010.09020178","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2010.09020178","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2010.09020178","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116025658","display_name":"American Journal of Psychiatry","issn_l":"0002-953X","issn":["0002-953X","1535-7228"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316602","host_organization_name":"American Psychiatric Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Psychiatric Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Psychiatry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:20551161","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20551161","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The American journal of psychiatry","raw_type":"Comparative Study"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2936664","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2936664","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Am J Psychiatry","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"mag:2593645701","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://aacap.confex.com/aacap/2010/webprogram/Paper13082.html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306499591","display_name":"57th Annual Meeting (October 26-31, 2010)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"57th Annual Meeting (October 26-31, 2010)","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2936664","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2936664","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Am J Psychiatry","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9763000011444092,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2091798500","display_name":"Growing Up Violent in Rural America","funder_award_id":"R01MH063970","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337346","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2315828179","display_name":"SERVICE USE FOR ADM COMORBIDITY IN RURAL ADOLESCENTS","funder_award_id":"R01MH048085","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337346","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3832946526","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DA/MH11301","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337347","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G618442889","display_name":"Vulnerability to Drug Abuse:Pathways to Recovery","funder_award_id":"R01DA011301","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337347","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8271995667","display_name":"Gene-Environment Interplay, Development, and Emotional Disorders","funder_award_id":"K23MH080230","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337346","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8971816093","display_name":"Prepubertal Comordity: Gender &Developmental Heterotypy","funder_award_id":"R01MH063671","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337346","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337346","display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health","ror":"https://ror.org/04xeg9z08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337347","display_name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","ror":"https://ror.org/00fq5cm18"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W806555671","https://openalex.org/W1414781664","https://openalex.org/W1980883760","https://openalex.org/W1997654157","https://openalex.org/W1999027617","https://openalex.org/W2003662114","https://openalex.org/W2022528291","https://openalex.org/W2024923484","https://openalex.org/W2027164357","https://openalex.org/W2027998056","https://openalex.org/W2028652183","https://openalex.org/W2033791211","https://openalex.org/W2034431510","https://openalex.org/W2043511814","https://openalex.org/W2057670386","https://openalex.org/W2057942949","https://openalex.org/W2066629326","https://openalex.org/W2069904445","https://openalex.org/W2072595271","https://openalex.org/W2076123050","https://openalex.org/W2076669202","https://openalex.org/W2089843021","https://openalex.org/W2091830114","https://openalex.org/W2093806805","https://openalex.org/W2100246686","https://openalex.org/W2105938068","https://openalex.org/W2114214919","https://openalex.org/W2131260238","https://openalex.org/W2138942870","https://openalex.org/W2140594127","https://openalex.org/W2147668737","https://openalex.org/W2152952005","https://openalex.org/W2155654417","https://openalex.org/W2159011576","https://openalex.org/W2170223510","https://openalex.org/W2338826713"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2596790934","https://openalex.org/W4240402751","https://openalex.org/W196792248","https://openalex.org/W2087020341","https://openalex.org/W425936490","https://openalex.org/W992262238","https://openalex.org/W2170223510","https://openalex.org/W2076010656","https://openalex.org/W2745401601","https://openalex.org/W7166738264"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVE:":[0],"It":[1],"remains":[2],"unclear":[3],"to":[4,161,174,180],"what":[5],"degree":[6],"children":[7,186,199],"show":[8],"signs":[9],"of":[10,36,74,120,137,147,149,154,156,198],"posttraumatic":[11,60,75,191,201],"stress":[12,61,76,192,202],"disorder":[13],"(PTSD)":[14],"after":[15],"experiencing":[16],"low-magnitude":[17,99,134,142,162,181,207],"stressors,":[18,182],"or":[19],"stressors":[20,55,100,108,114,143,163,184],"milder":[21],"than":[22],"those":[23],"required":[24],"for":[25,133,145,190],"the":[26,66],"DSM-IV":[27],"extreme":[28,54,107,176,183],"stressor":[29],"criterion.":[30],"METHOD:":[31],"A":[32],"representative":[33],"community":[34],"sample":[35],"1,420":[37],"children,":[38],"ages":[39],"9,":[40],"11,":[41],"and":[42,53,68,84,89,122,130,152],"13":[43],"at":[44,187],"intake,":[45],"was":[46],"followed":[47],"annually":[48],"through":[49],"age":[50],"16.":[51],"Low-magnitude":[52],"as":[56,58,104,106],"well":[57],"subsequent":[59],"symptoms":[62,77,86,165,203],"were":[63,78],"assessed":[64],"with":[65,111,128,169],"Child":[67],"Adolescent":[69],"Psychiatric":[70],"Assessment.":[71],"Two":[72],"measures":[73],"used:":[79],"having":[80,90],"painful":[81,91,116,150],"recall,":[82],"hyperarousal,":[83],"avoidance":[85],"(subclinical":[87],"PTSD)":[88],"recall":[92,117,151],"only.":[93],"RESULTS:":[94],"During":[95],"any":[96],"3-month":[97],"period,":[98],"occurred":[101],"four":[102],"times":[103],"often":[105],"(24.0%":[109],"compared":[110,127],"5.9%).":[112],"Extreme":[113],"elicited":[115],"in":[118,125],"8.7%":[119],"participants":[121],"subclinical":[123,157],"PTSD":[124],"3.1%,":[126],"4.2%":[129],"0.7%,":[131],"respectively,":[132],"stressors.":[135],"Because":[136],"their":[138],"higher":[139],"prevalence,":[140],"however,":[141],"accounted":[144],"two-thirds":[146],"cases":[148,155],"half":[153],"PTSD.":[158],"Moreover,":[159],"exposure":[160,173],"predicted":[164],"even":[166],"among":[167],"youths":[168],"no":[170],"prior":[171],"lifetime":[172],"an":[175],"stressor.":[177,208],"CONCLUSIONS:":[178],"Relative":[179],"place":[185],"greater":[188],"risk":[189],"symptoms.":[193],"Nevertheless,":[194],"a":[195,206],"sizable":[196],"proportion":[197],"manifesting":[200],"experienced":[204],"only":[205]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}