{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1989258377","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/114669.114671","title":"CLOS: integrating object-oriented and functional programming","display_name":"CLOS: integrating object-oriented and functional programming","publication_year":1991,"publication_date":"1991-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1989258377","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/114669.114671","mag":"1989258377"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/114669.114671","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/114669.114671","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/114669.114671","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/114669.114671","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S103482838","display_name":"Communications of the ACM","issn_l":"0001-0782","issn":["0001-0782","1557-7317"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","fnege-3","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Communications of the ACM","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/114669.114671","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112621006","display_name":"Richard P. Gabriel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5054-7635","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5054-7635"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard P. Gabriel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lucid, Inc., Menlo Park, CA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lucid, Inc., Menlo Park, CA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015975881","display_name":"Jon L. White","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jon L. White","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lucid, Inc., Menlo Park, CA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lucid, Inc., Menlo Park, CA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051959560","display_name":"Daniel G. Bobrow","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173498003","display_name":"Palo Alto Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0529fxt39","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173498003","https://openalex.org/I4210132870"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel G. Bobrow","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xerox Palo Alto Research Center, Palo Alto, CA","Xerox Palo Alto Research Center, Palo Alto, Ca.#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xerox Palo Alto Research Center, Palo Alto, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173498003"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xerox Palo Alto Research Center, Palo Alto, Ca.#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173498003"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.5253,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":83,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96421238,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"34","issue":"9","first_page":"29","last_page":"38"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10639","display_name":"Advanced Software Engineering Methodologies","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10317","display_name":"Advanced Database Systems and Queries","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clos","display_name":"Common Lisp Object System","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lisp","display_name":"LISP","score":0.6449999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-oriented-programming","display_name":"object-oriented programming","score":0.9760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/functional-programming","display_name":"functional programming","score":0.9309999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-abstraction","display_name":"data abstraction","score":0.718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inheritance-object-oriented-programming","display_name":"inheritance (object-oriented programming)","score":0.7630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operator-definitions","display_name":"operator definitions","score":0.6650000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/procedural-abstraction","display_name":"procedural abstraction","score":0.5740000009536743}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190883126","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132874","display_name":"Lisp","level":2,"score":0.9001664519309998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.8051954507827759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7991568446159363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119700423","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4418086","display_name":"Clos network","level":2,"score":0.7503889799118042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779353305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q849146","display_name":"Common Lisp","level":3,"score":0.642341136932373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73752529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79872","display_name":"Object-oriented programming","level":2,"score":0.4392847716808319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/114669.114671","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/114669.114671","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/114669.114671","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/114669.114671","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S103482838","display_name":"Communications of the ACM","issn_l":"0001-0782","issn":["0001-0782","1557-7317"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","fnege-3","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Communications of the ACM","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.503.4014","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.503.4014","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://dreamsongs.com/NewFiles/clos-cacm.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.85.6840","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.85.6840","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.dreamsongs.com/Files/clos-cacm.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/114669.114671","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/114669.114671","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/114669.114671","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/114669.114671","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S103482838","display_name":"Communications of the ACM","issn_l":"0001-0782","issn":["0001-0782","1557-7317"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","fnege-3","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Communications of the ACM","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1989258377.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1989258377.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W25798763","https://openalex.org/W68605010","https://openalex.org/W1527793496","https://openalex.org/W1586338668","https://openalex.org/W1770006921","https://openalex.org/W1834340039","https://openalex.org/W2027657506","https://openalex.org/W2045723688","https://openalex.org/W2068606617","https://openalex.org/W2110053161","https://openalex.org/W2113547509","https://openalex.org/W2138387375","https://openalex.org/W2171351846","https://openalex.org/W3162579702","https://openalex.org/W4235702462"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7097805824","https://openalex.org/W196013566","https://openalex.org/W2027729322","https://openalex.org/W174833389","https://openalex.org/W7100881675","https://openalex.org/W7009871023","https://openalex.org/W7097482154","https://openalex.org/W3188581976","https://openalex.org/W4298691655","https://openalex.org/W1519792579"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Lisp":[0,70],"has":[1],"a":[2,6,16,75,86],"long":[3],"history":[4],"as":[5],"functional":[7],"language,":[8],"*":[9],"where":[10,19],"action":[11],"is":[12,109],"invoked":[13],"by":[14],"calling":[15],"procedure,":[17],"and":[18,22,61],"procedural":[20],"abstraction":[21],"encapsulation":[23],"provide":[24],"convenient":[25],"modularity":[26],"boundaries.":[27],"A":[28],"number":[29],"of":[30,47,52,77,88],"attempts":[31],"have":[32],"been":[33],"made":[34],"to":[35],"graft":[36],"object-oriented":[37,101],"programming":[38],"into":[39],"this":[40],"framework":[41],"without":[42],"losing":[43],"the":[44,50,78,95,99,106,112],"essential":[45],"character":[46],"Lisp\u2014to":[48],"include":[49],"benefits":[51],"data":[53],"abstraction,":[54],"extensible":[55],"type":[56],"classification,":[57],"incremental":[58],"operator":[59],"definition,":[60],"code":[62],"reuse":[63],"through":[64],"an":[65],"inheritance":[66],"hierarchy.":[67],"The":[68],"Common":[69,83],"Object":[71],"System":[72],"(CLOS)":[73],"[3],":[74],"result":[76],"ANSI":[79],"standardization":[80],"process":[81],"for":[82],"Lisp,":[84],"represents":[85],"marriage":[87],"these":[89],"two":[90,113],"traditions.":[91],"This":[92],"article":[93],"explores":[94],"landscape":[96],"in":[97],"which":[98],"major":[100],"facilities":[102],"exist,":[103],"showing":[104],"how":[105],"CLOS":[107],"solution":[108],"effective":[110],"within":[111],"contexts.":[114]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}