{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1989224728","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0501719102","title":"Detection and characterization of the product of hydroethidine and intracellular superoxide by HPLC and limitations of fluorescence","display_name":"Detection and characterization of the product of hydroethidine and intracellular superoxide by HPLC and limitations of fluorescence","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-04-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1989224728","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0501719102","mag":"1989224728","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15824309","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/556312"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1073/pnas.0501719102","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0501719102","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0501719102","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125754415","display_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","issn_l":"0027-8424","issn":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320052","host_organization_name":"National Academy of Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320052"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Academy of Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/556312","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103064397","display_name":"Hongtao Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9318-1052","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9318-1052"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204308271","display_name":"Medical College of Wisconsin","ror":"https://ror.org/00qqv6244","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204308271"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210106489","display_name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/012pb6c26","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210106489"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongtao Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biophysics and Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226; and Laboratories of Biophysical Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biophysics and Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226; and Laboratories of Biophysical Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204308271","https://openalex.org/I4210106489"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089152409","display_name":"Joy Joseph","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204308271","display_name":"Medical College of Wisconsin","ror":"https://ror.org/00qqv6244","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204308271"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210106489","display_name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/012pb6c26","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210106489"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joy Joseph","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biophysics and Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226; and Laboratories of Biophysical Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biophysics and Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226; and Laboratories of Biophysical Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204308271","https://openalex.org/I4210106489"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108387951","display_name":"Henry Marshall Fales","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204308271","display_name":"Medical College of Wisconsin","ror":"https://ror.org/00qqv6244","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204308271"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210106489","display_name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/012pb6c26","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210106489"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Henry M. Fales","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biophysics and Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226; and Laboratories of Biophysical Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892","University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biophysics and Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226; and Laboratories of Biophysical Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204308271","https://openalex.org/I4210106489"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035666886","display_name":"Edward A. Sokoloski","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204308271","display_name":"Medical College of Wisconsin","ror":"https://ror.org/00qqv6244","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204308271"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210106489","display_name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/012pb6c26","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210106489"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edward A. Sokoloski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biophysics and Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226; and Laboratories of Biophysical Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892","University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biophysics and Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226; and Laboratories of Biophysical Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204308271","https://openalex.org/I4210106489"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076520162","display_name":"Rodney L. Levine","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7908-7206","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7908-7206"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204308271","display_name":"Medical College of Wisconsin","ror":"https://ror.org/00qqv6244","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204308271"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210106489","display_name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/012pb6c26","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210106489"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rodney L. Levine","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biophysics and Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226; and Laboratories of Biophysical Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892","University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biophysics and Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226; and Laboratories of Biophysical Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204308271","https://openalex.org/I4210106489"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001723877","display_name":"Jeannette M. Vasquez-Vivar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4225-7520","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4225-7520"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204308271","display_name":"Medical College of Wisconsin","ror":"https://ror.org/00qqv6244","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204308271"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210106489","display_name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/012pb6c26","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210106489"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeannette Vasquez-Vivar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biophysics and Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226; and Laboratories of Biophysical Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biophysics and Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226; and Laboratories of Biophysical Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204308271","https://openalex.org/I4210106489"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035372773","display_name":"Balarama Kalyanaraman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204308271","display_name":"Medical College of Wisconsin","ror":"https://ror.org/00qqv6244","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204308271"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210106489","display_name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/012pb6c26","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210106489"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B. Kalyanaraman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biophysics and Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226; and Laboratories of Biophysical Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biophysics and Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226; and Laboratories of Biophysical Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204308271","https://openalex.org/I4210106489"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":10.7492,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":579,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99326428,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"102","issue":"16","first_page":"5727","last_page":"5732"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11884","display_name":"Redox biology and oxidative stress","score":0.7188000082969666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11884","display_name":"Redox biology and oxidative stress","score":0.7188000082969666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10155","display_name":"Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects","score":0.1062999963760376,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10445","display_name":"Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress","score":0.08389999717473984,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2704","display_name":"Biochemistry (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydroethidine","display_name":"hydroethidine","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/superoxide-radicals","display_name":"superoxide","score":0.890999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reactive-oxygen-species","display_name":"reactive oxygen species","score":0.6850000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spin-trapping","display_name":"spin trapping","score":0.5339999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/menadione","display_name":"menadione","score":0.7630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antimycin-a","display_name":"antimycin A","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/endothelial-cells","display_name":"endothelial cells","score":0.8799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hplc-determination","display_name":"HPLC determination","score":0.6060000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electron-spin-resonance","display_name":"electron spin resonance","score":0.6010000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/superoxide-detection","display_name":"superoxide detection","score":0.39899998903274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/membrane-permeability","display_name":"membrane permeability","score":0.4059999883174896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intracellular-reactive-oxygen-species","display_name":"intracellular reactive oxygen species","score":0.41600000858306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extracellular-superoxide","display_name":"extracellular superoxide","score":0.5440000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spin-adducts","display_name":"spin adducts","score":0.41100001335144043}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79879829","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5571762","display_name":"Intracellular","level":2,"score":0.8448336720466614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108204754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q353392","display_name":"Adduct","level":2,"score":0.6552291512489319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.5832123756408691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48349386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q424361","display_name":"Reactive oxygen species","level":2,"score":0.5487877726554871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780795997","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413283","display_name":"Superoxide","level":3,"score":0.5469439625740051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91881484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191807","display_name":"Fluorescence","level":2,"score":0.526543915271759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179998833","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q381233","display_name":"High-performance liquid chromatography","level":2,"score":0.4862869679927826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187961010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q260463","display_name":"Electron paramagnetic resonance","level":2,"score":0.4677218198776245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.3899981677532196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12554922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7100","display_name":"Biophysics","level":1,"score":0.3859691619873047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.2841125726699829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.22023218870162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46141821","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209402","display_name":"Nuclear magnetic resonance","level":1,"score":0.12247779965400696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.11602151393890381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181199279","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8047","display_name":"Enzyme","level":2,"score":0.10593193769454956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001011","descriptor_name":"Aorta","qualifier_ui":"Q000166","qualifier_name":"cytology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001681","descriptor_name":"Biological Assay","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002417","descriptor_name":"Cattle","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002518","descriptor_name":"Ceramides","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002851","descriptor_name":"Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003497","descriptor_name":"Cyclic N-Oxides","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005456","descriptor_name":"Fluorescent Dyes","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010084","descriptor_name":"Oxidation-Reduction","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010617","descriptor_name":"Phenanthridines","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013481","descriptor_name":"Superoxides","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015394","descriptor_name":"Molecular Structure","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017382","descriptor_name":"Reactive Oxygen Species","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019097","descriptor_name":"Spin Trapping","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D024483","descriptor_name":"Vitamin K 3","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D042783","descriptor_name":"Endothelial Cells","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D042783","descriptor_name":"Endothelial Cells","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1073/pnas.0501719102","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0501719102","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0501719102","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125754415","display_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","issn_l":"0027-8424","issn":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320052","host_organization_name":"National Academy of Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320052"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Academy of Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2007464","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/556312","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:556312","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/556312","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:15824309","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15824309","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2007464","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/556312","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1781347718","display_name":"Neuroprotection by Mitochondria-targeted Antioxidants","funder_award_id":"R01NS039958","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337359","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G237692149","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"5P01HL68769-01","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337338","funder_display_name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G453979777","display_name":"eNOS & the Radical Mechanism of Antitumor Anthracyclines","funder_award_id":"R01CA077822","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","funder_display_name":"National Cancer Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5122358640","display_name":"Vascular Signaling by Free Radicals","funder_award_id":"P01HL068769","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337338","funder_display_name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7869884966","display_name":"Superoxide Generation from eNOS: The Role of Pterins","funder_award_id":"R01HL067244","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337338","funder_display_name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000282261","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"5P01HL68769-01","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337338","display_name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/012pb6c26"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","display_name":"National Cancer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/040gcmg81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337357","display_name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/00adh9b73"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337359","display_name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","ror":"https://ror.org/01s5ya894"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1498711742","https://openalex.org/W1925910300","https://openalex.org/W1969260760","https://openalex.org/W1970793703","https://openalex.org/W1981783025","https://openalex.org/W1997474765","https://openalex.org/W2005452996","https://openalex.org/W2009583207","https://openalex.org/W2020600203","https://openalex.org/W2057683250","https://openalex.org/W2058269483","https://openalex.org/W2072910428","https://openalex.org/W2075579265","https://openalex.org/W2075708068","https://openalex.org/W2083714336","https://openalex.org/W2087863751","https://openalex.org/W2102202839","https://openalex.org/W2107045256","https://openalex.org/W2108843757","https://openalex.org/W2133739669","https://openalex.org/W2135633069","https://openalex.org/W2158918409","https://openalex.org/W2167866149","https://openalex.org/W2171192249","https://openalex.org/W2188526507","https://openalex.org/W2188751783"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1991534537","https://openalex.org/W2020600203","https://openalex.org/W1971202292","https://openalex.org/W2023017223","https://openalex.org/W2057683250","https://openalex.org/W2039093830","https://openalex.org/W49821056","https://openalex.org/W2962823474","https://openalex.org/W4205313795","https://openalex.org/W1987416517"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Here":[0],"we":[1,55,100],"report":[2],"the":[3,7,11,37,64,115,124,142,148,155,163,175,194,219,233,258],"structural":[4],"characterization":[5,173],"of":[6,40,67,117,147,158,174,178,196,205,218,222],"product":[8,42,66,177],"formed":[9,80,136],"from":[10],"reaction":[12,65,176],"between":[13],"hydroethidine":[14],"(HE)":[15],"and":[16,34,62,69,113,138,203,227],"superoxide":[17],"(":[18],"\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}":[19,70,125,179,206,244,275],"\\usepackage{amsmath}":[20,71,126,180,207,245,276],"\\usepackage{wasysym}":[21,72,127,181,208,246,277],"\\usepackage{amsfonts}":[22,73,128,182,209,247,278],"\\usepackage{amssymb}":[23,74,129,183,210,248,279],"\\usepackage{amsbsy}":[24,75,130,184,211,249,280],"\\usepackage{mathrsfs}":[25,76,131,185,212,250,281],"\\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}":[26,77,132,186,213,251,282],"\\begin{document}":[27,78,133,187,214,252,283],"\\begin{equation*}{\\mathrm{O}}_{2}^{{\\bullet}-}\\end{equation*}\\end{document}":[28,79,134,188,215,253,284],").":[29,49],"By":[30,50],"using":[31,51,261],"mass":[32],"spectral":[33],"NMR":[35],"techniques,":[36],"chemical":[38],"structure":[39,116],"this":[41],"was":[43,139,168],"determined":[44],"as":[45,141,263],"2-hydroxyethidium":[46],"(2-OH-E":[47],"+":[48,160,225,229],"an":[52,57,197],"authentic":[53],"standard,":[54],"developed":[56],"HPLC":[58],"approach":[59],"to":[60,93,111],"detect":[61,112],"quantitate":[63],"HE":[68,190,262],"in":[81],"bovine":[82],"aortic":[83],"endothelial":[84],"cells":[85],"after":[86],"treatment":[87],"with":[88,189],"menadione":[89],"or":[90],"antimycin":[91],"A":[92],"induce":[94],"intracellular":[95,156,164,201,243,274],"reactive":[96,118,269],"oxygen":[97,119,270],"species.":[98],"Concomitantly,":[99],"used":[101],"a":[102,264],"spin":[103,166],"trap,":[104],"5-":[105],"tert":[106],"-butoxycarbonyl-5-methyl-1-pyrroline":[107],"N":[108],"-oxide":[109],"(BMPO),":[110],"identify":[114],"species":[120,271],"formed.":[121],"BMPO":[122,165],"trapped":[123],"that":[135,232,257],"extracellularly":[137],"detected":[140],"BMPO-OH":[143],"adduct":[144,167],"during":[145],"use":[146],"EPR":[149],"technique.":[150],"BMPO,":[151],"being":[152],"cell-permeable,":[153],"inhibited":[154],"formation":[157],"2-OH-E":[159,228],".":[161,216,254,285],"However,":[162],"not":[169,239],"detected.":[170],"The":[171],"definitive":[172],"described":[191],"here":[192],"forms":[193],"basis":[195],"unambiguous":[198],"assay":[199,260],"for":[200,241,272],"detection":[202],"quantitation":[204],"Analysis":[217],"fluorescence":[220,236],"characteristics":[221],"ethidium":[223],"(E":[224],")":[226],"strongly":[230],"suggests":[231],"currently":[234],"available":[235],"methodology":[237],"is":[238,266],"suitable":[240,268],"quantitating":[242],"We":[255],"conclude":[256],"HPLC/fluorescence":[259],"probe":[265],"more":[267],"detecting":[273]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":40},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":35}],"updated_date":"2026-11-06T12:05:46.655746","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
