{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1989220085","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1511072","title":"Spelling Instruction for Students with Learning Disabilities: Implications for Research and Practice","display_name":"Spelling Instruction for Students with Learning Disabilities: Implications for Research and Practice","publication_year":1994,"publication_date":"1994-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1989220085","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1511072","mag":"1989220085"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2307/1511072","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1511072","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1511072","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S158069182","display_name":"Learning Disability Quarterly","issn_l":"0731-9487","issn":["0731-9487","2168-376X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Learning Disability Quarterly","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039021292","display_name":"David McNaughton","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5979-3859","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5979-3859"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David McNaughton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Special Education, Penn State","1 Department of Special Education, Penn State"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Special Education, Penn State","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"1 Department of Special Education, Penn State","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103488592","display_name":"Charles A. Hughes","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Charles A. Hughes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Special Education, Penn State","1 Department of Special Education, Penn State"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Special Education, Penn State","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"1 Department of Special Education, Penn State","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007597170","display_name":"Karen Clark","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3482-8346","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3482-8346"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149744451","display_name":"Valparaiso University","ror":"https://ror.org/01pp0fx48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149744451"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karen Clark","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Special Education, Valparaiso University","2 Department of Special Education, Valparaiso University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Special Education, Valparaiso University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149744451"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"2 Department of Special Education, Valparaiso University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149744451"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3650},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.28681737,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"3","first_page":"169","last_page":"185"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10103","display_name":"Reading and Literacy Development","score":0.9750999808311462,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10103","display_name":"Reading and Literacy Development","score":0.9750999808311462,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12070","display_name":"Writing and Handwriting Education","score":0.017400000244379044,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10826","display_name":"Behavioral and Psychological Studies","score":0.005100000184029341,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spelling-instruction","display_name":"spelling instruction","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/learning-disabilities","display_name":"learning disabilities","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spelling-acquisition","display_name":"spelling acquisition","score":0.6019999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teaching-activities","display_name":"teaching activities","score":0.6140000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/morphemic-analysis","display_name":"morphemic analysis","score":0.8500000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/error-correction","display_name":"error correction","score":0.7860000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vocabulary-retention","display_name":"vocabulary retention","score":0.49900001287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elementary-school-students","display_name":"elementary school students","score":0.7089999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcers","display_name":"reinforcers","score":0.8029999732971191}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777801307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2088390","display_name":"Spelling","level":2,"score":0.9396340250968933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.7468516826629639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777601683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6499736","display_name":"Vocabulary","level":2,"score":0.6718371510505676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15107229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860740","display_name":"Learning disability","level":2,"score":0.6057438850402832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165297611","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43249","display_name":"Morpheme","level":2,"score":0.5745388269424438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.5513595342636108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126388530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1131737","display_name":"Imitation","level":2,"score":0.5349622368812561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.5032510161399841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62737587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7939179","display_name":"Vocabulary development","level":3,"score":0.48218005895614624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28858896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212105","display_name":"Special education","level":2,"score":0.44784536957740784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.4451780617237091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88610354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1813494","display_name":"Teaching method","level":2,"score":0.4029144048690796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.26255255937576294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.19418373703956604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.18035241961479187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.09360596537590027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2307/1511072","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1511072","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1511072","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S158069182","display_name":"Learning Disability Quarterly","issn_l":"0731-9487","issn":["0731-9487","2168-376X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Learning Disability Quarterly","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.972.8059","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.972.8059","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://ldq.sagepub.com/content/17/3/169.full.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality education","score":0.9235000014305115,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":57,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W214653651","https://openalex.org/W284187513","https://openalex.org/W285707891","https://openalex.org/W321314869","https://openalex.org/W340400993","https://openalex.org/W587531626","https://openalex.org/W641074993","https://openalex.org/W1495319321","https://openalex.org/W1902839669","https://openalex.org/W1949092850","https://openalex.org/W1965421890","https://openalex.org/W1970295646","https://openalex.org/W1972382878","https://openalex.org/W1972513932","https://openalex.org/W1982756201","https://openalex.org/W1997619980","https://openalex.org/W2000506470","https://openalex.org/W2011535549","https://openalex.org/W2017856637","https://openalex.org/W2018227387","https://openalex.org/W2019868381","https://openalex.org/W2021532426","https://openalex.org/W2024197339","https://openalex.org/W2055588204","https://openalex.org/W2060277048","https://openalex.org/W2064481020","https://openalex.org/W2081319475","https://openalex.org/W2083450589","https://openalex.org/W2088590714","https://openalex.org/W2100471430","https://openalex.org/W2100655659","https://openalex.org/W2102026559","https://openalex.org/W2107683562","https://openalex.org/W2120365238","https://openalex.org/W2137624370","https://openalex.org/W2140893739","https://openalex.org/W2141059219","https://openalex.org/W2147356843","https://openalex.org/W2157558855","https://openalex.org/W2159086247","https://openalex.org/W2159663888","https://openalex.org/W2162514379","https://openalex.org/W2162948842","https://openalex.org/W2170793313","https://openalex.org/W2171250373","https://openalex.org/W2354373419","https://openalex.org/W2728650522","https://openalex.org/W2728699661","https://openalex.org/W2728819934","https://openalex.org/W2731350475","https://openalex.org/W2732798809","https://openalex.org/W2795843310","https://openalex.org/W4229706982","https://openalex.org/W4231762530","https://openalex.org/W4238417653","https://openalex.org/W4238722748","https://openalex.org/W4298032864"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7098395171","https://openalex.org/W2130074853","https://openalex.org/W7081997548","https://openalex.org/W83463597","https://openalex.org/W2942923001","https://openalex.org/W2732064289","https://openalex.org/W2154875672","https://openalex.org/W2147356843","https://openalex.org/W2336482785","https://openalex.org/W1980675100"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,62,166],"reviewed":[1],"27":[2],"published":[3],"studies":[4,43],"on":[5,50,139],"spelling":[6,55,145,176],"instruction":[7,112,177],"for":[8,17,78,178],"students":[9,59,80,101,179],"with":[10,60,81,180],"learning":[11,77,181],"disabilities":[12],"(LD)":[13],"and":[14,34,96,121,127,132,160,171],"coded":[15],"them":[16],"the":[18,42,45,51,64,72,85],"following":[19,73],"variables:":[20],"(a)":[21,83],"student":[22],"characteristics,":[23],"(b)":[24,93],"instructional":[25,48],"activities,":[26,159],"(c)":[27,99],"nature":[28],"of":[29,41,47,53,66,87,144,151,157,162],"materials":[30],"to":[31,102,147],"be":[32],"learned,":[33],"(d)":[35,110],"criterial":[36],"tasks":[37],"(Jenkins,":[38],"1979).":[39],"Most":[40],"investigated":[44],"impact":[46],"activities":[49,74],"production":[52],"targeted":[54],"items":[56],"by":[57],"elementary-grade":[58],"LD.":[61],"interpret":[63],"results":[65],"this":[67],"review":[68],"as":[69,106],"suggesting":[70],"that":[71,141],"may":[75],"enhance":[76],"some":[79],"LD:":[82],"limiting":[84],"number":[86],"new":[88],"words":[89],"introduced":[90],"each":[91],"day,":[92],"facilitating":[94],"student-directed":[95],"peer-assisted":[97],"instruction,":[98],"directing":[100],"name":[103],"letters":[104],"aloud":[105],"they":[107],"are":[108],"practiced,":[109],"including":[111],"in":[113,154,175],"morphemic":[114],"analysis,":[115],"(e)":[116],"providing":[117,129],"immediate":[118],"error":[119],"imitation":[120],"correction,":[122],"(f)":[123],"using":[124],"motivating":[125],"reinforcers,":[126],"(g)":[128],"periodic":[130],"retesting":[131],"review.":[133],"Only":[134],"limited":[135],"information":[136],"is":[137],"available":[138],"interventions":[140],"promote":[142],"generalization":[143],"knowledge":[146],"untrained":[148],"words,":[149],"use":[150],"trained":[152],"vocabulary":[153,163],"a":[155],"variety":[156],"writing":[158],"maintenance":[161],"across":[164],"time.":[165],"discuss":[167],"current":[168],"research":[169,173],"issues":[170],"future":[172],"directions":[174],"disabilities.":[182]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
