{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1989079336","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/295545","title":"Strategy: Formulation, Implementation, and Monitoring","display_name":"Strategy: Formulation, Implementation, and Monitoring","publication_year":1973,"publication_date":"1973-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1989079336","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/295545","mag":"1989079336"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1086/295545","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/295545","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1086/295545","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S64223753","display_name":"The Journal of Business","issn_l":"0021-9398","issn":["0021-9398","1537-5374"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315672","host_organization_name":"University of Chicago Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315672","https://openalex.org/P4310315690"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Chicago Press","University of Chicago"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Business","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079480194","display_name":"Kalman J. Cohen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kalman J. Cohen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073406971","display_name":"Richard M. Cyert","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard M. Cyert","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":12.1919,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":101,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96990903,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"46","issue":"3","first_page":"349","last_page":"349"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13137","display_name":"Strategic Planning and Analysis","score":0.8999000191688538,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13137","display_name":"Strategic Planning and Analysis","score":0.8999000191688538,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13151","display_name":"Business Strategies and Innovation","score":0.05310000106692314,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12815","display_name":"Management and Organizational Practices","score":0.027899999171495438,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business-strategy","display_name":"business strategy","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/strategic-planning","display_name":"strategic planning","score":0.8849999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/strategy-formulation","display_name":"strategy formulation","score":0.9710000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/strategy-implementation","display_name":"strategy implementation","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/strategy-monitoring","display_name":"strategy monitoring","score":0.9589999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/goal-formulation","display_name":"goal formulation","score":0.7329999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-analysis","display_name":"environmental analysis","score":0.8999999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gap-analysis","display_name":"gap analysis","score":0.9580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/strategic-alternatives","display_name":"strategic alternatives","score":0.8870000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/strategic-search","display_name":"strategic search","score":0.5180000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measurement-and-feedback","display_name":"measurement and feedback","score":0.5899999737739563}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.39501428604125977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.36635857820510864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195094911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14167904","display_name":"Process management","level":1,"score":0.32930538058280945}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1086/295545","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/295545","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1086/295545","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S64223753","display_name":"The Journal of Business","issn_l":"0021-9398","issn":["0021-9398","1537-5374"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315672","host_organization_name":"University of Chicago Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315672","https://openalex.org/P4310315690"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Chicago Press","University of Chicago"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Business","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W799540052","https://openalex.org/W1992448930","https://openalex.org/W1972238254","https://openalex.org/W4396782261","https://openalex.org/W2293804268","https://openalex.org/W7139958515","https://openalex.org/W2478758297","https://openalex.org/W1578026423","https://openalex.org/W6991807404","https://openalex.org/W1531237962"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,131,154,240,261],"study":[1],"of":[2,8,21,29,39,53,89,133,169,173,186,200,205,237,251],"corporate":[3,41,94,139],"strategy":[4,42,62,95,140,187],"within":[5],"graduate":[6],"schools":[7],"business":[9,30,48,98],"has":[10,43],"been":[11,56],"under":[12],"way":[13],"for":[14,34,145],"many":[15,51],"years.":[16],"With":[17],"the":[18,22,26,32,37,47,61,82,87,104,108,115,138,143,160,174,181,184,190,198,206,228],"growing":[19],"complexity":[20],"world":[23],"and":[24,36,92,112,212,221],"with":[25,128],"increased":[27],"size":[28],"firms,":[31],"need":[33,144],"planning":[35,110,162,230],"development":[38],"a":[40,69,146,248,257,265],"become":[44],"recognized":[45],"in":[46,86,96,107,117,126,137],"firm.":[49],"While":[50],"areas":[52],"management":[54],"have":[55],"subjected":[57],"to":[58,65,78,124,150,180],"scientific":[59,148],"analysis,":[60],"area":[63],"continues":[64],"be":[66,233,245],"characterized":[67],"by":[68,102],"commonsensical,":[70],"judgmental":[71],"approach.":[72],"This":[73,214],"paper":[74,215],"is":[75,264],"an":[76],"attempt":[77],"impose":[79],"structure":[80],"upon":[81],"various":[83,129],"problems":[84],"inherent":[85],"process":[88,111,163,231,250],"formulating,":[90],"implementing,":[91],"monitoring":[93],"modern":[97],"firms.":[99],"We":[100],"begin":[101],"identifying":[103],"relevant":[105],"considerations":[106],"strategic":[109,161,194,201,207,229,252],"then":[113],"discussing":[114],"manner":[116],"which":[118],"formal":[119],"models":[120],"can":[121],"prove":[122],"useful":[123],"executives":[125],"dealing":[127],"subproblems.":[130],"paucity":[132],"valid,":[134],"normative":[135],"propositions":[136],"literature":[141],"indicates":[142],"more":[147],"approach":[149],"this":[151],"important":[152],"field.":[153],"nine":[155,219,241],"major":[156],"steps":[157,220,242],"that":[158,225],"constitute":[159],"are":[164],"as":[165,247,256],"follows:":[166],"(1)":[167],"formulation":[168],"goals;":[170,182],"(2)":[171],"analysis":[172],"environment;":[175],"(3)":[176],"assigning":[177],"quantitative":[178],"values":[179],"(4)":[183],"microprocess":[185],"formulation;":[188],"(5)":[189],"gap":[191],"analysis;":[192],"(6)":[193],"search;":[195],"(7)":[196],"selecting":[197],"portfolio":[199],"alternatives;":[202],"(8)":[203],"implementation":[204],"program;":[208],"(9)":[209],"measurement,":[210],"feedback,":[211],"control.'":[213],"will":[216],"review":[217],"these":[218],"present":[222],"selected":[223],"ideas":[224],"demonstrate":[226],"how":[227],"could":[232],"improved":[234],"through":[235],"use":[236],"analytical":[238],"procedures.":[239],"should":[243],"not":[244],"viewed":[246],"once-and-for-all":[249],"planning,":[253],"but,":[254],"rather,":[255],"continuous,":[258],"ongoing":[259],"process.2":[260],"whole":[262],"procedure":[263],"dynamic":[266]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-10-24T09:50:30.924529","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}