{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1988680338","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj1993.00021962008500010023x","title":"Nitrogen Fertilizer and Cultivar Effects on Yield and Nitrogen\u2010Use Efficiency of Grain Amaranth","display_name":"Nitrogen Fertilizer and Cultivar Effects on Yield and Nitrogen\u2010Use Efficiency of Grain Amaranth","publication_year":1993,"publication_date":"1993-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1988680338","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj1993.00021962008500010023x","mag":"1988680338"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2134/agronj1993.00021962008500010023x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj1993.00021962008500010023x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj1993.00021962008500010023x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S139950591","display_name":"Agronomy Journal","issn_l":"0002-1962","issn":["0002-1962","1072-9623","1435-0645"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Agronomy Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079440309","display_name":"Aziz Elbehri","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Elbehri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dep. of Soil Science Univ. Minnesota St. Paul MN 55108"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dep. of Soil Science Univ. Minnesota St. Paul MN 55108","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110733656","display_name":"Daniel H. Putnam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4096-2151","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4096-2151"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"D.H. Putnam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dep. of Soil Science Univ. Minnesota St. Paul MN 55108"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dep. of Soil Science Univ. Minnesota St. Paul MN 55108","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112290628","display_name":"Michael Schmitt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9754-9694","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9754-9694"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Schmitt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dep. of Agronomy and Plant Genetics Univ. Minnesota St. Paul MN 55108"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dep. of Agronomy and Plant Genetics Univ. Minnesota St. Paul MN 55108","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5110733656"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"],"apc_list":{"value":1800,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1800},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7752,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":53,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72719547,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"85","issue":"1","first_page":"120","last_page":"128"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12294","display_name":"Agricultural Science and Fertilization","score":0.8715999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12294","display_name":"Agricultural Science and Fertilization","score":0.8715999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12310","display_name":"Crop Yield and Soil Fertility","score":0.05079999938607216,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1102","display_name":"Agronomy and Crop Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12403","display_name":"Seed and Plant Biochemistry","score":0.04360000044107437,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grain-amaranth","display_name":"grain amaranth","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amaranthus","display_name":"Amaranthus","score":0.9710000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nitrogen-fertilization","display_name":"nitrogen fertilization","score":0.6809999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nitrogen-use-efficiency","display_name":"nitrogen use efficiency","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cultivar-effects","display_name":"cultivar effects","score":0.7390000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grain-yield","display_name":"grain yield","score":0.7559999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forage-yield","display_name":"forage yield","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phosphorus-fertilization","display_name":"phosphorus fertilization","score":0.6600000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/potassium-fertilization","display_name":"potassium fertilization","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nitrogen-accumulation","display_name":"nitrogen accumulation","score":0.4869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/harvest-index","display_name":"harvest index","score":0.75},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nitrogen-harvest-index","display_name":"nitrogen harvest index","score":0.9300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lodging","display_name":"lodging","score":0.7900000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-nitrogen-availability","display_name":"soil nitrogen availability","score":0.6159999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nitrogen-uptake-efficiency","display_name":"nitrogen uptake efficiency","score":0.6420000195503235}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781052702","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q421074","display_name":"Amaranth","level":2,"score":0.9742588400840759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197321923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4886","display_name":"Cultivar","level":2,"score":0.8276222944259644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C537208039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627","display_name":"Nitrogen","level":2,"score":0.6988774538040161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.6938010454177856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780560099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83323","display_name":"Fertilizer","level":2,"score":0.5689982771873474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134121241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899301","display_name":"Yield (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5174461007118225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779370140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13377214","display_name":"Forage","level":2,"score":0.5124800205230713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992211155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q889514","display_name":"Grain yield","level":2,"score":0.46445250511169434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75639521","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1283519","display_name":"Field experiment","level":2,"score":0.43700116872787476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.4075433909893036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.36059439182281494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.33885443210601807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140793950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168091","display_name":"Animal science","level":1,"score":0.3284827470779419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.07915812730789185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2134/agronj1993.00021962008500010023x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj1993.00021962008500010023x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj1993.00021962008500010023x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S139950591","display_name":"Agronomy Journal","issn_l":"0002-1962","issn":["0002-1962","1072-9623","1435-0645"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Agronomy Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W330070118","https://openalex.org/W1967493766","https://openalex.org/W2168604465","https://openalex.org/W4220767337","https://openalex.org/W7151495692","https://openalex.org/W2898880619","https://openalex.org/W2031257603","https://openalex.org/W1987235572","https://openalex.org/W2575530521","https://openalex.org/W7160621040"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Knowledge":[1],"of":[2,8,17,25,39,57,150,193,210,238,243,260,294],"fertility":[3],"requirements":[4],"or":[5],"nitrogen\u2010use":[6,45],"efficiency":[7,207,230,241,293],"amaranth":[9,27,82,136,252],"(Amaranthus":[10],"spp.)":[11],"cultivars":[12,226],"is":[13,253],"limited.":[14],"The":[15],"objectives":[16],"this":[18],"research":[19],"were":[20,50,62,91,122],"to":[21,28,35,113,139,159,165,175,213,221,247],"determine":[22,36],"the":[23,37,53,70],"response":[24,112],"grain":[26,135,211,289,295],"applied":[29,63,140],"N,":[30,58],"P,":[31,59],"and":[32,34,41,60,89,104,115,128,163,179,227,268,282,291],"K,":[33],"effect":[38],"cultivar":[40,71],"fertilizer":[42],"N":[43,98,107,166,184,196,199,204,216,235,246,269],"on":[44],"efficiency.":[46],"Two":[47],"field":[48],"experiments":[49],"conducted.":[51],"In":[52,77],"first,":[54],"five":[55,75,97],"rates":[56,99],"K":[61,116,131],"in":[64,74,93,167,256,287],"a":[65,78],"central":[66],"composite":[67],"design":[68],"with":[69,96,145,191,232],"Plainsman":[72],"grown":[73,92],"environments.":[76,169,228],"second":[79],"experiment,":[80],"six":[81],"cultivars,":[83],"Amont,":[84],"K266,":[85],"K283,":[86],"Plainsman,":[87],"K432":[88],"D136,":[90],"three":[94],"environments":[95],"(0,":[100],"45,":[101],"90,":[102],"135,":[103],"180":[105],"kg":[106,125,130,152,161,223],"ha\u22121).":[108],"There":[109],"was":[110,180],"no":[111],"P":[114,126,141,148],"applications":[117],"when":[118],"initial":[119,146],"soil":[120,147,215,234,249],"tests":[121,149],"above":[123],"68":[124],"ha\u22121,":[127,132],"172":[129],"respectively,":[133],"but":[134,201],"responded":[137,164],"linearly":[138],"at":[142,182],"one":[143],"location":[144],"11":[151],"ha\u22121.":[153],"Grain":[154,251],"yield":[155,171,212,290],"ranged":[156,172,218],"from":[157,173,219],"794":[158],"1980":[160],"ha\u22121":[162,178],"most":[168],"Forage":[170],"6.1":[174],"16.6":[176],"Mg":[177],"increased":[181,190,197,233],"higher":[183,280],"rates.":[185],"At":[186],"all":[187],"locations,":[188],"lodging":[189],"application":[192],"N.":[194],"Fertilizer":[195],"pre\u2010flowering":[198],"accumulation":[200],"not":[202],"post\u2010flowering":[203],"accumulation.":[205],"Nitrogen\u2010use":[206,229],"(NUE)":[208],"ratio":[209],"total":[214,244,248],"supply":[217],"3.48":[220],"7.91":[222],"kg\u22121":[224],"across":[225],"decreased":[231],"mainly":[236],"because":[237,259],"decreasing":[239],"N\u2010uptake":[240],"(ratio":[242],"plant":[245],"N).":[250],"relatively":[254],"inefficient":[255],"N\u2010use":[257],"primarily":[258],"its":[261],"low":[262],"harvest":[263,270],"index":[264,271],"(HI":[265],"=":[266,273],"9\u201315%)":[267],"(NHI":[272],"12\u201326%).":[274],"This":[275],"suggests":[276],"that":[277],"selection":[278],"for":[279],"HI":[281],"NHI":[283],"could":[284],"be":[285],"effective":[286],"improving":[288],"nitrogenuse":[292],"amaranth.":[296]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-05T12:25:35.769452","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
