{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1988040367","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.1984.tb01095.x","title":"The Child as Witness to Homicide","display_name":"The Child as Witness to Homicide","publication_year":1984,"publication_date":"1984-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1988040367","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.1984.tb01095.x","mag":"1988040367"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1540-4560.1984.tb01095.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.1984.tb01095.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.1984.tb01095.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168863142","display_name":"Journal of Social Issues","issn_l":"0022-4537","issn":["0022-4537","1540-4560"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Social Issues","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002491897","display_name":"Robert S. Pynoos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4438-1867","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4438-1867"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Robert S. Pynoos","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California at Los Angeles"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California at Los Angeles","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055279768","display_name":"Spencer Eth","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1342924430","display_name":"LAC+USC Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/04xzj3x20","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1328359107","https://openalex.org/I1342924430"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Spencer Eth","raw_affiliation_strings":["Los Angeles County-University of Southern California Medical Center"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Los Angeles County-University of Southern California Medical Center","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212","https://openalex.org/I1342924430"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002491897"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"],"apc_list":{"value":3570,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3570},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":10.0188,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":158,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98046689,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"40","issue":"2","first_page":"87","last_page":"108"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11388","display_name":"Grief, Bereavement, and Mental Health","score":0.6137999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11388","display_name":"Grief, Bereavement, and Mental Health","score":0.6137999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10426","display_name":"Child Abuse and Trauma","score":0.11810000240802765,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13101","display_name":"Legal and Social Justice Studies","score":0.06809999793767929,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/child-witnesses","display_name":"child witnesses","score":0.7429999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/homicide","display_name":"homicide","score":0.847000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/posttraumatic-stress-disorder","display_name":"post-traumatic stress disorder","score":0.8399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/childhood-trauma","display_name":"childhood trauma","score":0.4860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grief","display_name":"grief","score":0.6430000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/child-testimony","display_name":"child testimony","score":0.6489999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expert-testimony","display_name":"expert testimony","score":0.38600000739097595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mental-health-consultation","display_name":"mental health consultation","score":0.6919999718666077}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776900844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8028383","display_name":"Witness","level":2,"score":0.8165738582611084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780456611","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2917466","display_name":"Psychic","level":3,"score":0.7076233625411987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C525541732","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q149086","display_name":"Homicide","level":4,"score":0.6887673735618591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780837026","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026040","display_name":"Grief","level":2,"score":0.6397395730018616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5881479978561401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70836080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837940","display_name":"Impulse (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4961887001991272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778375574","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q663272","display_name":"Expert witness","level":2,"score":0.4579673111438751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.43253639340400696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.33715730905532837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526869908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3298118","display_name":"Suicide prevention","level":3,"score":0.29202258586883545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017944768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1450463","display_name":"Poison control","level":2,"score":0.29200464487075806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.2264864444732666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.21578311920166016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C545542383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2751242","display_name":"Medical emergency","level":1,"score":0.14204639196395874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.12893468141555786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1540-4560.1984.tb01095.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.1984.tb01095.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.1984.tb01095.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168863142","display_name":"Journal of Social Issues","issn_l":"0022-4537","issn":["0022-4537","1540-4560"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Social Issues","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":1.0}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.699999988079071}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W342611760","https://openalex.org/W1591322047","https://openalex.org/W1604476085","https://openalex.org/W1645257240","https://openalex.org/W1770564950","https://openalex.org/W1937841737","https://openalex.org/W1967928796","https://openalex.org/W1976186168","https://openalex.org/W1994196972","https://openalex.org/W2000644246","https://openalex.org/W2018179056","https://openalex.org/W2020543623","https://openalex.org/W2027003861","https://openalex.org/W2039002073","https://openalex.org/W2041550244","https://openalex.org/W2042312838","https://openalex.org/W2045263739","https://openalex.org/W2063090707","https://openalex.org/W2071936644","https://openalex.org/W2103914618","https://openalex.org/W2112390801","https://openalex.org/W2117317401","https://openalex.org/W2134049139","https://openalex.org/W2148897908","https://openalex.org/W2152392753","https://openalex.org/W2162038212","https://openalex.org/W2165864909","https://openalex.org/W2181514503","https://openalex.org/W2249242789","https://openalex.org/W2309527422","https://openalex.org/W2338517447","https://openalex.org/W2346239473","https://openalex.org/W2406488328","https://openalex.org/W2598822908","https://openalex.org/W2742589803","https://openalex.org/W2797339313","https://openalex.org/W3023108868","https://openalex.org/W3123956317","https://openalex.org/W4231509816","https://openalex.org/W4232239243","https://openalex.org/W4232628859","https://openalex.org/W4234256286","https://openalex.org/W4241390057","https://openalex.org/W4246439810","https://openalex.org/W4247463058","https://openalex.org/W4292808503"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1983519660","https://openalex.org/W2253386164","https://openalex.org/W2800665794","https://openalex.org/W1984880905","https://openalex.org/W2626517009","https://openalex.org/W2015164342","https://openalex.org/W2143421774","https://openalex.org/W2050465923","https://openalex.org/W2071912258","https://openalex.org/W1632670733"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"describes":[2],"the":[3,10,36,60,63,70,73,83,85,88,91,94,101,105,125,145,156],"experiences":[4],"of":[5,12,28,41,53,62,72,79,87,93,142,158],"children":[6],"who":[7],"have":[8,24],"witnessed":[9],"homicide":[11],"a":[13,29,42,50,149],"parent":[14],"and":[15,35,66,69,90,96,117,170],"are":[16],"then":[17],"legally":[18],"compelled":[19],"\u201cto":[20],"tell":[21],"what":[22],"[they]":[23],"seen.\u201d":[25],"The":[26,76,120],"witnessing":[27],"human":[30],"killing":[31],"constitutes":[32],"psychic":[33,163],"trauma,":[34],"child":[37,146],"may":[38,47],"exhibit":[39],"symptoms":[40],"posttraumatic":[43],"stress":[44],"disorder.":[45],"There":[46],"also":[48],"be":[49,128],"wide":[51],"range":[52],"grief":[54,65],"responses.":[55],"Our":[56],"focus":[57],"is":[58],"on":[59],"interplay":[61],"child's":[64,121],"traumatic":[67,143],"reactions,":[68],"demands":[71],"legal":[74,172],"system.":[75],"horrifying":[77],"loss":[78],"impulse":[80],"control":[81],"in":[82,114,135,162],"assailant,":[84],"mutilation":[86],"victim,":[89],"helplessness":[92],"victim":[95],"witness":[97],"continue":[98],"to":[99,165,174],"haunt":[100],"child.":[102],"We":[103,153],"review":[104],"issues":[106],"arising":[107],"from":[108],"police":[109],"questioning,":[110],"qualification":[111],"procedures,":[112],"testimony":[113],"open":[115],"court,":[116],"defendant":[118],"sentencing.":[119],"efforts":[122],"at":[123],"mastering":[124],"trauma":[126,164],"can":[127,147],"either":[129],"enhanced":[130],"or":[131],"impeded":[132],"by":[133],"involvement":[134],"judicial":[136],"proceedings.":[137],"With":[138],"more":[139,150],"complete":[140],"mastery":[141],"anxiety,":[144],"become":[148],"effective":[151],"witness.":[152],"argue":[154],"for":[155],"usefulness":[157],"having":[159],"an":[160],"expert":[161],"assist":[166],"these":[167],"young":[168],"witnesses":[169],"outline":[171],"recommendations":[173],"provide":[175],"adequate":[176],"mental\u2010health":[177],"consultation.":[178]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
