{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1987986321","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2014-01-0475","title":"Passenger Car Response to Interaction with Tractor-Trailer Steer Tire Lugs","display_name":"Passenger Car Response to Interaction with Tractor-Trailer Steer Tire Lugs","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1987986321","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2014-01-0475","mag":"1987986321"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4271/2014-01-0475","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2014-01-0475","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2014-01-0475","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2765010150","display_name":"SAE International journal of commercial vehicles","issn_l":"1946-391X","issn":["1946-391X","1946-3928"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SAE International Journal of Commercial Vehicles","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062647083","display_name":"Joseph M. Cormier","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6608-6140","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6608-6140"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210091567","display_name":"Biodynamic Research Corporation (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/000x99506","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210091567"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joseph Cormier","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biodynamic Research Corp"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biodynamic Research Corp","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210091567"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112552436","display_name":"Mark Freund","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210091567","display_name":"Biodynamic Research Corporation (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/000x99506","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210091567"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark \"Tony\" Freund","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biodynamic Research Corp"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biodynamic Research Corp","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210091567"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081836563","display_name":"Enrique Bonugli","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210091567","display_name":"Biodynamic Research Corporation (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/000x99506","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210091567"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Enrique Bonugli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biodynamic Research Corp"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biodynamic Research Corp","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210091567"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113714703","display_name":"Herbert M. Guzman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210091567","display_name":"Biodynamic Research Corporation (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/000x99506","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210091567"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Herbert Guzman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biodynamic Research Corp"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biodynamic Research Corp","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210091567"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210091567"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.19720746,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"07","issue":"1","first_page":"59","last_page":"71"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14445","display_name":"Transportation Safety and Impact Analysis","score":0.9872999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14445","display_name":"Transportation Safety and Impact Analysis","score":0.9872999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10370","display_name":"Traffic and Road Safety","score":0.004100000020116568,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10805","display_name":"Vehicle Dynamics and Control Systems","score":0.003000000026077032,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vehicle-to-vehicle-interaction","display_name":"vehicle-to-vehicle interaction","score":0.7739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contact-force","display_name":"contact force","score":0.5400000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contact-stiffness","display_name":"contact stiffness","score":0.765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/door-panels","display_name":"door panels","score":0.8119999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vehicle-acceleration","display_name":"vehicle acceleration","score":0.6940000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lateral-force","display_name":"lateral force","score":0.45100000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quasi-static-tests","display_name":"quasi-static testing","score":0.4869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-testing","display_name":"dynamic testing","score":0.7990000247955322}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.7630977630615234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779101595","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7832787","display_name":"Trailer","level":2,"score":0.7580024003982544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780427559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39495","display_name":"Tractor","level":2,"score":0.6175765991210938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.5372609496116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178802073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8421","display_name":"Aeronautics","level":1,"score":0.35205385088920593}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4271/2014-01-0475","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2014-01-0475","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2014-01-0475","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2765010150","display_name":"SAE International journal of commercial vehicles","issn_l":"1946-391X","issn":["1946-391X","1946-3928"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SAE International Journal of Commercial Vehicles","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"mag:3023012212","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://trid.trb.org/view/1433648","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306528988","display_name":"SAE 2014 World Congress & ExhibitionSAE International","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"SAE 2014 World Congress & ExhibitionSAE International","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W302877897","https://openalex.org/W1529137590","https://openalex.org/W1580475074","https://openalex.org/W1603072605","https://openalex.org/W1604919706","https://openalex.org/W1695994500","https://openalex.org/W1902754873","https://openalex.org/W2053493131","https://openalex.org/W2058197673","https://openalex.org/W2067127781","https://openalex.org/W2103414002","https://openalex.org/W2112460630","https://openalex.org/W2122126795","https://openalex.org/W2141208412","https://openalex.org/W2149175505"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1902754873","https://openalex.org/W2067127781","https://openalex.org/W1603072605","https://openalex.org/W1580475074","https://openalex.org/W2245853698","https://openalex.org/W2058197673","https://openalex.org/W3162364865","https://openalex.org/W7151042921","https://openalex.org/W2897636323","https://openalex.org/W2053493131"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Performing":[0],"a":[1,39,55,70,156,160,174,207,324],"reconstruction":[2],"of":[3,12,33,73,85,96,112,124,139,143,152,167,183,188,206,219,231,241,246,265,278,288,326,328,356,366,377,410,425],"sideswipe":[4,40,157],"interactions":[5,37],"is":[6,59,117,146],"difficult":[7],"due":[8],"to":[9,49,107,147,215,221,227,320,330,343,349,368,379,387,402,417],"the":[10,17,26,50,76,80,86,94,101,109,113,121,125,133,137,149,200,204,222,232,239,242,253,258,263,266,286,289,294,314,337,345,354,383,390,397,411,423,426],"lack":[11],"permanent":[13],"crush":[14],"sustained":[15],"by":[16,79,100,198,251,284,336,396],"vehicles":[18,197,292,351],"involved.":[19,60],"Previous":[20],"studies":[21,90],"have":[22,91],"provided":[23,335],"insight":[24],"into":[25],"forces":[27,134,312,347],"involved":[28],"in":[29,63,119,303,373,382,389,405],"creating":[30],"various":[31,217],"types":[32],"damage":[34,220,357,427],"for":[35],"vehicle-to-vehicle":[36],"during":[38,155,313],"interaction.":[41],"However,":[42],"these":[43],"data":[44,334],"may":[45],"not":[46,129],"be":[47,105,341,415],"applicable":[48],"interaction":[51,68],"that":[52,93],"occurs":[53],"when":[54],"tractor-trailer":[56,161,176],"steer":[57,66,87,162,296],"tire":[58,67,177,202,254],"As":[61],"demonstrated":[62,92],"previous":[64,406],"studies,":[65],"produces":[69],"unique":[71],"pattern":[72,95],"markings":[74],"on":[75,353,422],"struck":[77],"vehicle":[78,299,375,419],"protruding":[81],"lugs":[82,103],"(wheel":[83],"stud)":[84],"tire.":[88,163,297],"These":[89],"cycloidal":[97],"marks":[98],"created":[99,395],"wheel":[102,398],"can":[104,340,414],"used":[106,342,416],"calculate":[108],"relative":[110,122],"speeds":[111,365],"vehicles.":[114],"While":[115],"this":[116,144],"helpful":[118],"understanding":[120,230],"motion":[123],"vehicles,":[126],"it":[127],"does":[128],"provide":[130],"information":[131],"regarding":[132],"applied":[135,348],"at":[136,179,235,262,364],"point":[138],"contact.":[140],"The":[141,164,210,298,333,359,393,408],"purpose":[142],"study":[145,165],"assess":[148,344,418],"structural":[150],"response":[151,234],"passenger":[153,223,350],"cars":[154],"event":[158],"involving":[159],"consists":[166],"quasi-static":[168,190,315,338],"and":[169,212,261,272,301,371,385],"dynamic":[170,280,360,412],"tests":[171,191,281],"performed":[172,193,283,363],"using":[173,194],"stationary":[175,208],"spinning":[178,201],"an":[180,229],"equivalent":[181],"speed":[182,304],"55":[184],"mph.":[185],"A":[186,244,276],"total":[187,277],"20":[189],"were":[192,282,309,400],"3":[195,291],"separate":[196],"forcing":[199,252],"against":[203,255,293],"side":[205,240,287],"vehicle.":[209,243],"force":[211],"displacement":[213],"necessary":[214],"cause":[216],"levels":[218],"car":[224],"was":[225,249,362],"measured":[226],"develop":[228],"stiffness":[233,248],"different":[236],"locations":[237],"along":[238],"range":[245,325],"contact":[247,308],"achieved":[250],"areas":[256],"around":[257],"door":[259,267],"pillars":[260],"center":[264],"panels":[268],"which":[269],"produced":[270],"stiffer":[271],"softer":[273],"responses":[274],"respectively.":[275],"8":[279],"driving":[285],"same":[290],"rotating":[295],"acceleration":[300,420],"change":[302],"(Delta-V)":[305],"associated":[306],"with":[307,323],"measured.":[310],"Peak":[311],"testing":[316,339,361,413],"ranged":[317],"from":[318],"500":[319],"2,600":[321],"lbs":[322],"deflection":[327],"0.5":[329],"3.6":[331],"inches.":[332],"lateral":[346,384],"based":[352,421],"level":[355],"sustained.":[358],"4.5":[367],"6.5":[369],"mph":[370],"resulted":[372],"peak":[374],"accelerations":[376],"0.1":[378,386],"1.4":[380],"g":[381],"0.6":[388],"forward":[391],"direction.":[392],"patterns":[394],"studs":[399],"similar":[401],"those":[403],"presented":[404],"studies.":[407],"results":[409],"severity":[424],"observed.":[428]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
