{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1987495298","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/258728","title":"Education and Investment in Human Capital","display_name":"Education and Investment in Human Capital","publication_year":1962,"publication_date":"1962-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1987495298","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/258728","mag":"1987495298"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1086/258728","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/258728","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1086/258728","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S95323914","display_name":"Journal of Political Economy","issn_l":"0022-3808","issn":["0022-3808","1537-534X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-1-star","ft50","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315672","host_organization_name":"University of Chicago Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315672","https://openalex.org/P4310315690"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Chicago Press","University of Chicago"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Political Economy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID1853809_code1653585.pdf?abstractid=1853809&mirid=1","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112320211","display_name":"Burton Allen Weisbrod","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111979921","display_name":"Northwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/000e0be47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100400","display_name":"Northwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/00m6w7z96","country_code":"PH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100400"]}],"countries":["PH","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Burton A. Weisbrod","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, San Diego (UCSD) - Department of Economics","Northwestern University - Department of Economics"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, San Diego (UCSD) - Department of Economics","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwestern University - Department of Economics","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921","https://openalex.org/I4210100400"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5112320211"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921","https://openalex.org/I36258959","https://openalex.org/I4210100400"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":81,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"70","issue":"5, Part 2","first_page":"106","last_page":"123"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10393","display_name":"Economic Growth and Productivity","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10393","display_name":"Economic Growth and Productivity","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10208","display_name":"Labor market dynamics and wage inequality","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13762","display_name":"Education and Labor Relations","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-capital","display_name":"human capital","score":0.8809999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/education","display_name":"education","score":0.7039999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-capital-investment","display_name":"human capital investment","score":0.8130000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-growth","display_name":"economic growth","score":0.6800000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/technological-progress","display_name":"technological progress","score":0.7900000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/productivity","display_name":"productivity","score":0.6959999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/life-expectancy","display_name":"life expectancy","score":0.949999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/welfare","display_name":"welfare","score":0.6150000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/returns-to-education","display_name":"returns to education","score":0.5820000171661377}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27548731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88272","display_name":"Investment (military)","level":3,"score":0.7611504793167114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776943663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165687","display_name":"Human capital","level":2,"score":0.7370737195014954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133925201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188419","display_name":"Life expectancy","level":3,"score":0.6893991231918335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204983608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2111958","display_name":"Productivity","level":2,"score":0.6734433770179749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.5658460855484009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.5449754595756531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100243477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12002092","display_name":"Welfare","level":2,"score":0.5405349731445312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779578543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1605334","display_name":"Technical progress","level":2,"score":0.4226570725440979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.41781166195869446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185874996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q269699","display_name":"Interdependence","level":2,"score":0.41529038548469543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100001284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2248246","display_name":"Public economics","level":1,"score":0.41202110052108765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145236788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28161","display_name":"Labour economics","level":1,"score":0.36781319975852966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.33157679438591003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.2969842553138733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.25319069623947144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.16026654839515686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.14145123958587646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.08295530080795288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.06541621685028076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1086/258728","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/258728","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1086/258728","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S95323914","display_name":"Journal of Political Economy","issn_l":"0022-3808","issn":["0022-3808","1537-534X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-1-star","ft50","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315672","host_organization_name":"University of Chicago Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315672","https://openalex.org/P4310315690"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Chicago Press","University of Chicago"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Political Economy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"mag:1987495298","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID1853809_code1653585.pdf?abstractid=1853809&mirid=1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":null},{"id":"mag:2750396182","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.scholars.northwestern.edu/en/publications/education-and-investment-in-people","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S95323914","display_name":"Journal of Political Economy","issn_l":"0022-3808","issn":["0022-3808","1537-534X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-1-star","ft50","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315672","host_organization_name":"University of Chicago Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315672","https://openalex.org/P4310315690"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Chicago Press","University of Chicago"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Political Economy","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"mag:1987495298","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID1853809_code1653585.pdf?abstractid=1853809&mirid=1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":null},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.48510000109672546,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4238332641","https://openalex.org/W2463321135","https://openalex.org/W4395689264","https://openalex.org/W2064427635","https://openalex.org/W2607094872","https://openalex.org/W3121845422","https://openalex.org/W2785887841","https://openalex.org/W2365380588","https://openalex.org/W40624020","https://openalex.org/W1649782357"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"technological":[1],"developments":[2],"have":[3],"altered":[4],"production":[5],"techniques,":[6],"types":[7],"of":[8,13,52,122,125],"mechanical":[9],"equipment,":[10],"and":[11,79,88,96,104,106],"varieties":[12],"outputs,":[14],"society":[15],"has":[16],"begun":[17],"to":[18,49,58,83,101,119],"recognize":[19],"that":[20,60],"economic":[21,102],"progress":[22,54],"involves":[23],"not":[24,34],"only":[25,35],"changes":[26],"in":[27,31,44,63,67,76,93,107],"machinery":[28],"but":[29,39],"also":[30,40],"men":[32],"\u2013":[33],"expenditures":[36,126],"on":[37,41,127],"equipment":[38],"people.":[42,128],"Investment":[43,75],"people":[45],"makes":[46],"it":[47],"possible":[48],"take":[50],"advantage":[51],"technical":[53],"as":[55,57],"well":[56],"continue":[59],"progress.":[61],"Improvements":[62],"health":[64],"make":[65],"investment":[66,92],"education":[68,77],"more":[69,114],"rewarding":[70],"by":[71],"extending":[72],"life":[73],"expectancy.":[74],"expands":[78],"extends":[80],"knowledge,":[81],"leading":[82],"advances":[84],"which":[85],"raise":[86],"productivity":[87],"improve":[89],"health.":[90],"With":[91],"human":[94],"capital":[95,98],"non-human":[97],"both":[99],"contributing":[100],"growth":[103],"welfare":[105],"what":[108],"is":[109],"probably":[110],"an":[111],"interdependent":[112],"manner,":[113],"attention":[115],"should":[116],"be":[117],"paid":[118],"the":[120,123],"adequacy":[121],"level":[124]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}