{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1987482175","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/joe.2014.2317955","title":"An Integrated Approach to Analysis of Phytoplankton Images","display_name":"An Integrated Approach to Analysis of Phytoplankton Images","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-05-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1987482175","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/joe.2014.2317955","mag":"1987482175"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/joe.2014.2317955","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/joe.2014.2317955","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/joe.2014.2317955","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S132957497","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering","issn_l":"0364-9059","issn":["0364-9059","1558-1691","2373-7786"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-26558","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087630721","display_name":"Antanas Verikas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2185-8973","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2185-8973"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172574986","display_name":"Kaunas University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01me6gb93","country_code":"LT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172574986"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I746986","display_name":"Halmstad University","ror":"https://ror.org/03h0qfp10","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I746986"]}],"countries":["LT","SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antanas Verikas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical & Control Equipment, Kaunas University of Technology, Lithuania","Intelligent Systems Laboratory, Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical & Control Equipment, Kaunas University of Technology, Lithuania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172574986"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Systems Laboratory, Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I746986"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038852557","display_name":"Adas Gel\u017einis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0415-1434","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0415-1434"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172574986","display_name":"Kaunas University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01me6gb93","country_code":"LT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172574986"]}],"countries":["LT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adas Gelzinis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical & Control Equipment, Kaunas University of Technology, Lithuania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical & Control Equipment, Kaunas University of Technology, Lithuania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172574986"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042022573","display_name":"Marija Ba\u010dauskien\u0117","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172574986","display_name":"Kaunas University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01me6gb93","country_code":"LT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172574986"]}],"countries":["LT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marija Bacauskiene","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical & Control Equipment, Kaunas University of Technology, Lithuania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical & Control Equipment, Kaunas University of Technology, Lithuania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172574986"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001642382","display_name":"Irina Olenina","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0297-5779","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0297-5779"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I337868014","display_name":"Klaip\u0117da University","ror":"https://ror.org/027sdcz20","country_code":"LT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I337868014"]}],"countries":["LT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Irina Olenina","raw_affiliation_strings":["Coastal Research and Planning Institute, Klaipeda University, Klaipeda, Lithuania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Coastal Research and Planning Institute, Klaipeda University, Klaipeda, Lithuania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I337868014"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027457322","display_name":"Evaldas Vai\u010diukynas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4769-4527","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4769-4527"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172574986","display_name":"Kaunas University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01me6gb93","country_code":"LT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172574986"]}],"countries":["LT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Evaldas Vaiciukynas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical & Control Equipment, Kaunas University of Technology, Lithuania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical & Control Equipment, Kaunas University of Technology, Lithuania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172574986"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2645,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2645},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7354,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83164158,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"40","issue":"2","first_page":"315","last_page":"326"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12859","display_name":"Cell Image Analysis Techniques","score":0.9473000168800354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12859","display_name":"Cell Image Analysis Techniques","score":0.9473000168800354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.016699999570846558,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12874","display_name":"Digital Imaging for Blood Diseases","score":0.011099999770522118,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prorocentrum-minimum","display_name":"Prorocentrum minimum","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/harmful-algal-blooms","display_name":"harmful algal blooms","score":0.9129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cell-detection","display_name":"cell detection","score":0.6809999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cell-recognition","display_name":"cell recognition","score":0.6639999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fluorescence-microscopy-images","display_name":"fluorescence microscopy images","score":0.8410000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-selection","display_name":"feature selection","score":0.625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"support vector machine","score":0.875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"random forest","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automated-cell-counting","display_name":"automated cell counting","score":0.38100001215934753}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5604196786880493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.5567036867141724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.549505352973938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5315876603126526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5231707692146301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780892065","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184755","display_name":"Phytoplankton","level":3,"score":0.5195817947387695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4968161880970001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34736171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918333","display_name":"Preprocessor","level":2,"score":0.4585665464401245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.17356964945793152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.14968135952949524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142796444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181394","display_name":"Nutrient","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/joe.2014.2317955","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/joe.2014.2317955","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/joe.2014.2317955","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S132957497","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering","issn_l":"0364-9059","issn":["0364-9059","1558-1691","2373-7786"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:DiVA.org:hh-26558","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-26558","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401463","display_name":"Hogskolan Ihalmstad (Halmstad University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I746986","host_organization_name":"Halmstad University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I746986"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:DiVA.org:hh-26558","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-26558","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401463","display_name":"Hogskolan Ihalmstad (Halmstad University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I746986","host_organization_name":"Halmstad University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I746986"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","display_name":"Life below water","score":0.5769000053405762}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3333861407","display_name":"Invazini\u0173 r\u016b\u0161i\u0173 Adaptacijos mechanizmo tyrimai NaUj\u0173 metod\u0173 Sintez\u0117s pagalba","funder_award_id":"LEK-09/2012","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322689","funder_display_name":"Lietuvos Mokslo Taryba"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322689","display_name":"Lietuvos Mokslo Taryba","ror":"https://ror.org/02gs16m83"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W391578156","https://openalex.org/W1530098540","https://openalex.org/W1541847650","https://openalex.org/W1594031697","https://openalex.org/W1604680558","https://openalex.org/W1748932423","https://openalex.org/W1774232365","https://openalex.org/W1962010357","https://openalex.org/W1966594649","https://openalex.org/W1971961519","https://openalex.org/W1982964233","https://openalex.org/W1984428596","https://openalex.org/W1987594640","https://openalex.org/W1989016021","https://openalex.org/W1990517717","https://openalex.org/W2001573500","https://openalex.org/W2005912592","https://openalex.org/W2015745448","https://openalex.org/W2034489756","https://openalex.org/W2044465660","https://openalex.org/W2049489886","https://openalex.org/W2056084482","https://openalex.org/W2079099232","https://openalex.org/W2084558065","https://openalex.org/W2085828428","https://openalex.org/W2093711147","https://openalex.org/W2096718134","https://openalex.org/W2105155852","https://openalex.org/W2116521778","https://openalex.org/W2125273662","https://openalex.org/W2128830002","https://openalex.org/W2133059825","https://openalex.org/W2137328286","https://openalex.org/W2139473284","https://openalex.org/W2148603752","https://openalex.org/W2148860112","https://openalex.org/W2153529086","https://openalex.org/W2153635508","https://openalex.org/W2157840858","https://openalex.org/W2159498975","https://openalex.org/W2337663457","https://openalex.org/W2507732477","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W3085162807","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6640974819","https://openalex.org/W6725301954"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1943680401","https://openalex.org/W2079099232","https://openalex.org/W613566083","https://openalex.org/W2113532738","https://openalex.org/W1530098540","https://openalex.org/W2375653940","https://openalex.org/W2380874881","https://openalex.org/W362764113","https://openalex.org/W4388320129","https://openalex.org/W7113400693"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,26,40,124,144,164,186,244],"main":[1],"objective":[2],"of":[3,12,49,69,121,148,160,167,182,201,213,229,236,253,279,288,292],"this":[4,191],"paper":[5],"is":[6,28,222],"detection,":[7],"recognition,":[8],"and":[9,37,56,75,84,104,156,248,270,290],"abundance":[10,111,210],"estimation":[11,112,211],"objects":[13],"representing":[14],"the":[15,45,109,140,154,202,208,274,300,304,313],"Prorocentrum":[16],"minimum":[17,73,102,137,150,170,184,215,242,256,276,294,322],"(Pavillard)":[18],"Schiller":[19],"(P.":[20],"minimum)":[21],"species":[22,27,216],"in":[23,34,86,139,142,153,190,207,233,261],"phytoplankton":[24,131,205,230,263,268],"images.":[25,132],"known":[29],"to":[30,65,98,174,197,240,273,285,320],"cause":[31],"harmful":[32],"blooms":[33],"many":[35],"estuarine":[36],"coastal":[38],"environments.":[39],"proposed":[41],"technique":[42],"for":[43],"solving":[44],"task":[46,212,301],"exploits":[47],"images":[48,141,155,264],"two":[50],"types,":[51],"namely,":[52],"obtained":[53],"using":[54,129],"light":[55],"fluorescence":[57],"microscopy.":[58],"Various":[59],"image":[60],"preprocessing":[61],"techniques":[62],"are":[63,81,116],"applied":[64],"extract":[66],"a":[67,177],"variety":[68],"features":[70],"characterizing":[71],"P.":[72,101,136,149,169,183,214,241,255,275,293,321],"cells":[74,103,138,151,171,257,295],"cell":[76,110,209],"contours.":[77],"Relevant":[78],"feature":[79,187],"subsets":[80],"then":[82],"selected":[83],"used":[85,189],"support":[87],"vector":[88],"machine":[89],"(SVM)":[90],"as":[91,93,296,298],"well":[92,297],"random":[94],"forest":[95],"(RF)":[96],"classifiers":[97],"distinguish":[99],"between":[100],"other":[105,280],"objects.":[106,163,281],"To":[107],"improve":[108],"accuracy,":[113],"classification":[114,165],"results":[115],"corrected":[117],"based":[118],"on":[119],"probabilities":[120],"interclass":[122],"misclassification.":[123],"developed":[125],"algorithms":[126,145],"were":[127,134],"tested":[128],"158":[130],"There":[133],"920":[135],"total.":[143],"detected":[146,162,168,247],"98.1%":[147],"present":[152],"correctly":[157,249],"classified":[158],"98.09%":[159],"all":[161],"accuracy":[166],"was":[172,306],"equal":[173],"98.9%,":[175],"yielding":[176],"97.0%":[178],"overall":[179],"recognition":[180],"rate":[181],"cells.":[185,243,323],"set":[188],"work":[192],"has":[193],"shown":[194,218],"considerable":[195],"tolerance":[196],"out-of-focus":[198],"distortions.":[199],"Tests":[200],"system":[203,246,305],"by":[204,259,303,312],"experts":[206,231,260,314],"have":[217],"that":[219,310],"its":[220],"performance":[221,228],"comparable":[223],"or":[224],"even":[225],"better":[226],"than":[227,309],"exhibited":[232],"manual":[234],"counting":[235,316],"artificial":[237,317],"microparticles,":[238],"similar":[239,319],"automated":[245],"recognized":[250],"308":[251],"(91.1%)":[252],"338":[254],"found":[258],"65":[262],"taken":[265],"from":[266],"new":[267],"samples":[269],"erroneously":[271],"assigned":[272],"class":[277],"3%":[278],"Note":[282],"that,":[283],"due":[284],"large":[286],"variations":[287],"texture":[289],"size":[291],"background,":[299],"performed":[302,311],"more":[307],"complex":[308],"when":[315],"microparticles":[318]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}