{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1987350335","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/423136","title":"Is the Cepheus E Outflow Driven by a Class 0 Protostar?","display_name":"Is the Cepheus E Outflow Driven by a Class 0 Protostar?","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1987350335","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/423136","mag":"1987350335"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1086/423136","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/423136","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1086/423136","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/423136/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183686791","display_name":"The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series","issn_l":"0067-0049","issn":["0067-0049","1538-4365"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","norway-2","oarl","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311669","host_organization_name":"Institute of Physics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/423136/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083807159","display_name":"Alberto Noriega\u2010Crespo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6296-8960","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6296-8960"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122411786","display_name":"California Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dxps055","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alberto Noriega\u2010Crespo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Spitzer Science Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Spitzer Science Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106074175","display_name":"Amaya Moro\u2010Mart\u00edn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9504-8426","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9504-8426"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138006243","display_name":"University of Arizona","ror":"https://ror.org/03m2x1q45","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138006243"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amaya Moro\u2010Martin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, 933 North Cherry Avenue, AZ 85721"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, 933 North Cherry Avenue, AZ 85721","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138006243"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082304822","display_name":"Sean J. Carey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0221-6871","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0221-6871"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122411786","display_name":"California Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dxps055","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sean Carey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Spitzer Science Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Spitzer Science Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091818212","display_name":"P. Morris","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5186-4381","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5186-4381","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6055-5273"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122411786","display_name":"California Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dxps055","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patrick W. Morris","raw_affiliation_strings":["Spitzer Science Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Spitzer Science Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Deborah L. Padgett","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122411786","display_name":"California Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dxps055","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Deborah L. Padgett","raw_affiliation_strings":["Spitzer Science Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Spitzer Science Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"William B. Latter","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122411786","display_name":"California Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dxps055","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William B. Latter","raw_affiliation_strings":["Spitzer Science Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Spitzer Science Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"James Muzerolle","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138006243","display_name":"University of Arizona","ror":"https://ror.org/03m2x1q45","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138006243"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James Muzerolle","raw_affiliation_strings":["Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, 933 North Cherry Avenue, AZ 85721"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, 933 North Cherry Avenue, AZ 85721","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138006243"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":4499,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4499},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6625,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":42,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8184774,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"154","issue":"1","first_page":"402","last_page":"407"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10477","display_name":"Astrophysics and Star Formation Studies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10477","display_name":"Astrophysics and Star Formation Studies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10039","display_name":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10026","display_name":"Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class-0-protostars","display_name":"Class 0 protostars","score":0.8769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protostellar-outflows","display_name":"protostellar outflows","score":0.8199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-protostars","display_name":"embedded protostars","score":0.6039999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mid-infrared-spectral-energy-distribution","display_name":"mid-infrared spectral energy distribution","score":0.9419999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/molecular-gas-density","display_name":"molecular gas density","score":0.5809999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spitzer-irac","display_name":"Spitzer IRAC","score":0.6510000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spitzer-mips","display_name":"Spitzer MIPS","score":0.8650000095367432}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86132830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3308838","display_name":"Outflow","level":2,"score":0.9071000218391418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.7886999845504761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44870925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547","display_name":"Astrophysics","level":1,"score":0.7351999878883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158355884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11388","display_name":"Infrared","level":2,"score":0.5148000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187204502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12053157","display_name":"Bipolar outflow","level":4,"score":0.506600022315979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126350175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q654637","display_name":"Free molecular flow","level":2,"score":0.4058000147342682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50425793","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7575187","display_name":"Spectral energy distribution","level":3,"score":0.3921999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65155139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5380912","display_name":"Envelope (radar)","level":3,"score":0.38830000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.38679999113082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83581075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1361503","display_name":"Excitation","level":2,"score":0.3815000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196939603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41872","display_name":"Interstellar medium","level":3,"score":0.33079999685287476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.3043000102043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96141758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216817","display_name":"Emission spectrum","level":3,"score":0.28220000863075256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.27399998903274536}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1086/423136","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/423136","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1086/423136","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/423136/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183686791","display_name":"The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series","issn_l":"0067-0049","issn":["0067-0049","1538-4365"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","norway-2","oarl","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311669","host_organization_name":"Institute of Physics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:astro-ph/0506710","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0506710","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/astro-ph/0506710","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:cds.cern.ch:847730","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://cds.cern.ch/record/847730","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402195","display_name":"CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/0506710","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/0506710","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/0506710","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1086/423136","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/423136","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1086/423136","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/423136/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183686791","display_name":"The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series","issn_l":"0067-0049","issn":["0067-0049","1538-4365"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","norway-2","oarl","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311669","host_organization_name":"Institute of Physics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/027ka1x80"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309398","display_name":"California Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dxps055"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332375","display_name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/027k65916"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1987350335.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1987350335.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W343244306","https://openalex.org/W1538972393","https://openalex.org/W1574440781","https://openalex.org/W1614361467","https://openalex.org/W1977915876","https://openalex.org/W1983256895","https://openalex.org/W1983264191","https://openalex.org/W1983270357","https://openalex.org/W1995362031","https://openalex.org/W2001032326","https://openalex.org/W2016184995","https://openalex.org/W2018858432","https://openalex.org/W2019953245","https://openalex.org/W2032155631","https://openalex.org/W2035056524","https://openalex.org/W2044669640","https://openalex.org/W2049399517","https://openalex.org/W2058642632","https://openalex.org/W2062760730","https://openalex.org/W2062973507","https://openalex.org/W2068129553","https://openalex.org/W2070733772","https://openalex.org/W2074419187","https://openalex.org/W2091044401","https://openalex.org/W2113109924","https://openalex.org/W2133514141","https://openalex.org/W2148280789","https://openalex.org/W2148804397"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7098286726","https://openalex.org/W74059181","https://openalex.org/W1981979502","https://openalex.org/W2016184995","https://openalex.org/W7097218009","https://openalex.org/W7095905151","https://openalex.org/W2133514141","https://openalex.org/W2062760730","https://openalex.org/W7100866121","https://openalex.org/W2060978280"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"New":[0],"early":[1],"release":[2],"observations":[3,185],"of":[4,70,172,177,186,190,196,204],"the":[5,15,25,51,71,85,118,130,144,153,162,173,178,187,191,197,202],"Cepheus":[6],"E":[7,122,150],"outflow":[8,123],"and":[9,56,90,98,132,135,152,166,169,181,221],"its":[10],"embedded":[11,62],"source,":[12],"obtained":[13],"with":[14,106],"Spitzer":[16,95],"Space":[17],"Telescope":[18],",":[19],"are":[20,104],"presented.":[21],"We":[22],"show":[23],"that":[24,40,194],"driving":[26],"source":[27],"is":[28,136,158,170,199],"detected":[29,137],"in":[30,129],"all":[31],"four":[32],"Infrared":[33],"Array":[34],"Camera":[35],"(IRAC)":[36],"bands,":[37],"which":[38],"suggests":[39],"traditional":[41],"Class":[42],"0":[43],"classification,":[44],"although":[45],"essentially":[46],"correct,":[47],"needs":[48],"to":[49,59,76,201],"accommodate":[50],"new":[52,101,179],"high-sensitivity":[53],"infrared":[54],"arrays":[55],"their":[57],"ability":[58],"detect":[60],"deeply":[61],"sources.":[63],"Thus,":[64],"we":[65],"have":[66],"determined":[67],"a":[68,78,107,113,125,212],"slope":[69],"mid-infrared":[72,133],"spectral":[73,108],"energy":[74,109],"distribution":[75,110],"be":[77],"=":[79],"5":[80],"\u00b1":[81],"1":[82],"using":[83],"only":[84],"IRAC":[86,89,180],"fluxes.":[87],"The":[88,120,141],"Multiband":[91],"Imaging":[92],"Photometer":[93],"for":[94],"(MIPS)":[96],"24":[97,139,167],"70":[99],"\u03bcm":[100,168],"photometric":[102],"points":[103],"consistent":[105],"dominated":[111],"by":[112,161],"cold,":[114],"dense":[115,145,155,222],"envelope":[116],"surrounding":[117],"protostar.":[119],"Cep":[121,149],"displays":[124],"very":[126],"similar":[127],"morphology":[128],"near-":[131],"wavelengths":[134],"at":[138,164],"\u03bcm.":[140],"interface":[142],"between":[143],"molecular":[146,230],"gas":[147],"(where":[148],"lies)":[151],"less":[154],"interstellar":[156],"medium":[157],"well":[159],"traced":[160],"emission":[163,198],"8":[165],"one":[171],"most":[174,195],"exotic":[175],"features":[176],"MIPS":[182],"images.":[183],"IRS":[184],"north":[188],"lobe":[189],"flow":[192],"confirm":[193],"due":[200],"excitation":[203],"pure":[205],"H":[206],"2":[207],"rotational":[208],"transitions":[209],"arising":[210],"from":[211],"relatively":[213],"cold":[214],"(":[215],"T":[216],"ex":[217],"\u223c":[218],"700":[219],"K)":[220],"(6.4":[223],"\u00d7":[224],"10":[225],"4":[226],"cm":[227],"-3":[228],")":[229],"gas.":[231]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
