{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1987246359","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1986.01800120054011","title":"Rebound Phenomena in Tourette's Syndrome After Abrupt Withdrawal of Clonidine","display_name":"Rebound Phenomena in Tourette's Syndrome After Abrupt Withdrawal of Clonidine","publication_year":1986,"publication_date":"1986-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1987246359","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1986.01800120054011","mag":"1987246359","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3465278"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1986.01800120054011","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1986.01800120054011","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1986.01800120054011","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126359496","display_name":"Archives of General Psychiatry","issn_l":"0003-990X","issn":["0003-990X","1538-3636"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320259","host_organization_name":"American Medical Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320259"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Medical Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Archives of General Psychiatry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029578725","display_name":"James Frederick Leckman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3902-4478","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3902-4478"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"James F. Leckman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yale University  ;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yale University  ;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5029578725"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.5354,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":70,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91595603,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"43","issue":"12","first_page":"1168","last_page":"1168"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11123","display_name":"Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11123","display_name":"Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10537","display_name":"Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10023","display_name":"Schizophrenia research and treatment","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tourette-syndrome","display_name":"Tourette syndrome","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clonidine","display_name":"clonidine","score":0.9110000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motor-restlessness","display_name":"motor restlessness","score":0.6679999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blood-pressure","display_name":"blood pressure","score":0.8119999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse-rate","display_name":"pulse rate","score":0.8920000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mhpg","display_name":"MHPG","score":0.9309999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/homovanillic-acid","display_name":"homovanillic acid","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/norepinephrine","display_name":"norepinephrine","score":0.9390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epinephrine","display_name":"epinephrine","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dopaminergic-mechanisms","display_name":"dopaminergic mechanisms","score":0.9539999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adrenergic-mechanisms","display_name":"adrenergic mechanisms","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pediatric-patients","display_name":"pediatric patients","score":0.7269999980926514}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778399450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q412221","display_name":"Clonidine","level":2,"score":0.9774665832519531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25876315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15197465","display_name":"Neurochemical","level":2,"score":0.7369657158851624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777026814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191779","display_name":"Tourette syndrome","level":2,"score":0.5497968792915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780815205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5613599","display_name":"Guanfacine","level":3,"score":0.5457139015197754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777200579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q738538","display_name":"Tics","level":2,"score":0.5298119783401489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775841634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q903566","display_name":"Homovanillic acid","level":4,"score":0.5156968235969543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5142969489097595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778514916","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186242","display_name":"Norepinephrine","level":3,"score":0.4942024052143097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42219234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131130","display_name":"Anesthesia","level":1,"score":0.4846568703651428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137183658","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461076","display_name":"Dopaminergic","level":3,"score":0.48254770040512085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775859304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132621","display_name":"Epinephrine","level":2,"score":0.44080209732055664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.42479318380355835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4176008105278015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513476851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170304","display_name":"Dopamine","level":2,"score":0.38946378231048584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.36879968643188477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.1571137011051178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775864247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167934","display_name":"Serotonin","level":3,"score":0.11333802342414856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170493617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467","display_name":"Receptor","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001794","descriptor_name":"Blood Pressure","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003000","descriptor_name":"Clonidine","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003000","descriptor_name":"Clonidine","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003000","descriptor_name":"Clonidine","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004837","descriptor_name":"Epinephrine","qualifier_ui":"Q000652","qualifier_name":"urine","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005879","descriptor_name":"Tourette Syndrome","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005879","descriptor_name":"Tourette Syndrome","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005879","descriptor_name":"Tourette Syndrome","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006719","descriptor_name":"Homovanillic Acid","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008734","descriptor_name":"Methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009638","descriptor_name":"Norepinephrine","qualifier_ui":"Q000652","qualifier_name":"urine","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011674","descriptor_name":"Pulse","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012701","descriptor_name":"Serotonin","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013375","descriptor_name":"Substance Withdrawal Syndrome","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013375","descriptor_name":"Substance Withdrawal Syndrome","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013375","descriptor_name":"Substance Withdrawal Syndrome","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1986.01800120054011","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1986.01800120054011","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1986.01800120054011","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126359496","display_name":"Archives of General Psychiatry","issn_l":"0003-990X","issn":["0003-990X","1538-3636"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320259","host_organization_name":"American Medical Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320259"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Medical Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Archives of General Psychiatry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:3465278","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3465278","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Archives of general psychiatry","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9940000176429749,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.8399999737739563,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1263737707","display_name":"CLINICAL SCIENCE RESEARCH CENTER IN PSYCHIATRY","funder_award_id":"5p50mh030929-14","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1541337408","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RR00125","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337375","funder_display_name":"National Center for Research Resources"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2805350995","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"HD03008","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337611","funder_display_name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4031477262","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1 P50 MH30929","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337346","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337346","display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health","ror":"https://ror.org/04xeg9z08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337375","display_name":"National Center for Research Resources","ror":"https://ror.org/04pw6fb54"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337611","display_name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","ror":"https://ror.org/04byxyr05"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W59487928","https://openalex.org/W126908368","https://openalex.org/W1552682390","https://openalex.org/W1813557872","https://openalex.org/W1923660737","https://openalex.org/W1976084007","https://openalex.org/W1978866005","https://openalex.org/W1980253766","https://openalex.org/W1982176265","https://openalex.org/W1989314580","https://openalex.org/W1990085736","https://openalex.org/W1990544014","https://openalex.org/W1990680291","https://openalex.org/W1991431081","https://openalex.org/W1997256496","https://openalex.org/W2001454586","https://openalex.org/W2002294075","https://openalex.org/W2003586463","https://openalex.org/W2006575990","https://openalex.org/W2007870053","https://openalex.org/W2010152700","https://openalex.org/W2023325653","https://openalex.org/W2032461527","https://openalex.org/W2050505393","https://openalex.org/W2055351912","https://openalex.org/W2066612589","https://openalex.org/W2081835330","https://openalex.org/W2085032654","https://openalex.org/W2089540979","https://openalex.org/W2090391391","https://openalex.org/W2090639705","https://openalex.org/W2096989547","https://openalex.org/W2107109924","https://openalex.org/W2122548823","https://openalex.org/W2134260409","https://openalex.org/W2256726282","https://openalex.org/W2341691860","https://openalex.org/W2397430626","https://openalex.org/W2409085528","https://openalex.org/W2411952941"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2063441465","https://openalex.org/W59487928","https://openalex.org/W1552682390","https://openalex.org/W2004599846","https://openalex.org/W2058914532","https://openalex.org/W2089540979","https://openalex.org/W2066534389","https://openalex.org/W2010152700","https://openalex.org/W2082566672","https://openalex.org/W2011487025"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Following":[0],"an":[1],"open":[2],"trial":[3],"of":[4,22,42,46,59,88,92,100],"clonidine":[5,24,47],"hydrochloride":[6],"(3":[7],"to":[8,34,54,56,66],"8":[9],"micrograms/kg/day":[10],"for":[11,52],"12":[12],"weeks),":[13],"we":[14],"studied":[15],"the":[16,49,82,106],"behavioral,":[17],"cardiovascular,":[18],"and":[19,75,97,102],"neurochemical":[20],"effects":[21],"abrupt":[23,86],"withdrawal":[25,87,107],"in":[26,70,111,119],"seven":[27],"patients":[28,38,53],"with":[29],"Tourette's":[30,112],"syndrome":[31,113],"aged":[32],"9":[33],"13":[35],"years.":[36],"Five":[37],"showed":[39],"marked":[40],"worsening":[41],"tics.":[43],"After":[44],"reinitiation":[45],"therapy,":[48],"time":[50],"required":[51],"return":[55],"prewithdrawal":[57],"levels":[58,91],"tic":[60],"symptoms":[61],"ranged":[62],"from":[63],"two":[64],"weeks":[65],"four":[67],"months.":[68],"Increases":[69],"motor":[71],"restlessness,":[72],"blood":[73],"pressure,":[74],"pulse":[76],"rate":[77],"were":[78],"also":[79],"observed":[80],"over":[81],"72-hour":[83],"period":[84],"following":[85],"clonidine.":[89],"Plasma":[90],"free":[93],"3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol,":[94],"homovanillic":[95],"acid,":[96],"urinary":[98],"excretion":[99],"norepinephrine":[101],"epinephrine":[103],"increased":[104],"during":[105],"period.":[108],"Clonidine's":[109],"effectiveness":[110],"may":[114],"be":[115],"dependent":[116],"on":[117],"changes":[118],"dopaminergic":[120],"as":[121,123],"well":[122],"adrenergic":[124],"mechanisms.":[125]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
