{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1987229749","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat1582","title":"Entropy-driven segregation of nanoparticles to cracks in multilayered composite polymer structures","display_name":"Entropy-driven segregation of nanoparticles to cracks in multilayered composite polymer structures","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-02-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1987229749","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat1582","mag":"1987229749"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/nmat1582","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat1582","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat1582","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S103895331","display_name":"Nature Materials","issn_l":"1476-1122","issn":["1476-1122","1476-4660"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature Materials","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100673150","display_name":"Suresh Gupta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2090-0308","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2090-0308"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","ror":"https://ror.org/0072zz521","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Suresh Gupta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA","Polymer Science and Engineering Dept., University of Massachusetts, Amherst, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Polymer Science and Engineering Dept., University of Massachusetts, Amherst, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108440186","display_name":"Qingling Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3275-9551","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3275-9551"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","ror":"https://ror.org/0072zz521","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingling Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA","Polymer Science and Engineering Dept., University of Massachusetts, Amherst, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Polymer Science and Engineering Dept., University of Massachusetts, Amherst, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030195131","display_name":"Todd S. Emrick","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0460-1797","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0460-1797"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","ror":"https://ror.org/0072zz521","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Todd Emrick","raw_affiliation_strings":["Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA","Polymer Science and Engineering Dept., University of Massachusetts, Amherst, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Polymer Science and Engineering Dept., University of Massachusetts, Amherst, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033493083","display_name":"Anna C. Balazs","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5555-2692","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5555-2692"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anna C. Balazs","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15261, USA","Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh,Pittsburgh,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15261, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh,Pittsburgh,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029685348","display_name":"Thomas P. Russell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6384-5826","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6384-5826","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5702-7851"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","ror":"https://ror.org/0072zz521","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Thomas P. Russell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA","Polymer Science and Engineering Dept., University of Massachusetts, Amherst, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Polymer Science and Engineering Dept., University of Massachusetts, Amherst, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5029685348","https://openalex.org/A5030195131"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"],"apc_list":{"value":12690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":12690},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":22.772,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":359,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99848375,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"3","first_page":"229","last_page":"233"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10810","display_name":"Polymer composites and self-healing","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2507","display_name":"Polymers and Plastics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10810","display_name":"Polymer composites and self-healing","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2507","display_name":"Polymers and Plastics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10501","display_name":"Polymer Nanocomposites and Properties","score":0.00279999990016222,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2507","display_name":"Polymers and Plastics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10474","display_name":"Material Dynamics and Properties","score":0.0012000000569969416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanoparticle-segregation","display_name":"nanoparticle segregation","score":0.8989999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crack-healing","display_name":"crack healing","score":0.8130000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enthalpic-interactions","display_name":"enthalpic interactions","score":0.6349999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/poly-methyl-methacrylate","display_name":"poly(methyl methacrylate)","score":0.9589999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/siox","display_name":"silicon oxide","score":0.6380000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trioctylphosphine-oxide","display_name":"trioctylphosphine oxide","score":0.8769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-healing-materials","display_name":"self-healing materials","score":0.9210000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polymer-nanoparticle-interface","display_name":"polymer-nanoparticle interface","score":0.6610000133514404}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.8780637979507446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155672457","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61231","display_name":"Nanoparticle","level":2,"score":0.7475799322128296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521977710","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81163","display_name":"Polymer","level":2,"score":0.7211876511573792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187937830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175403","display_name":"Microelectronics","level":2,"score":0.6077804565429688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104779481","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50707","display_name":"Composite number","level":2,"score":0.6045915484428406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.6041377782821655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136478896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898288","display_name":"Brittleness","level":2,"score":0.5489660501480103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779851234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50690","display_name":"Oxide","level":2,"score":0.5047231912612915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544956773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q670","display_name":"Silicon","level":2,"score":0.46519529819488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132050475","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736232","display_name":"Methacrylate","level":4,"score":0.4557565748691559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777801237","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q407473","display_name":"Ethylene oxide","level":4,"score":0.43539342284202576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777935641","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q382897","display_name":"Methyl methacrylate","level":4,"score":0.4196245074272156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104304963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5316114","display_name":"Durability","level":2,"score":0.41953763365745544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.3587891161441803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166940927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178827","display_name":"Monomer","level":3,"score":0.21879765391349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15920480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q421281","display_name":"Copolymer","level":3,"score":0.17616182565689087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.07484719157218933}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/nmat1582","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat1582","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat1582","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S103895331","display_name":"Nature Materials","issn_l":"1476-1122","issn":["1476-1122","1476-4660"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature Materials","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarworks.umass.edu:pse_faculty_pubs-1274","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarworks.umass.edu/pse_faculty_pubs/275","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402240","display_name":"ScholarWorks@UMassAmherst (University of Massachusetts Amherst)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","host_organization_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Polymer Science and Engineering Department Faculty Publication Series","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarworks.umass.edu:20.500.14394/41588","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14394/41588","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402240","display_name":"ScholarWorks@UMassAmherst (University of Massachusetts Amherst)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","host_organization_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"published","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/01bj3aw27"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332749","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","ror":"https://ror.org/0072zz521"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333422","display_name":"Materials Research Science and Engineering Center, Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/01qa5ep47"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333591","display_name":"Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338281","display_name":"Army Research Office","ror":"https://ror.org/05epdh915"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338295","display_name":"Army Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/011hc8f90"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1974520747","https://openalex.org/W1976338194","https://openalex.org/W1997293796","https://openalex.org/W1999785103","https://openalex.org/W2003988556","https://openalex.org/W2017660484","https://openalex.org/W2024955005","https://openalex.org/W2029807629","https://openalex.org/W2043880039","https://openalex.org/W2044099319","https://openalex.org/W2046710550","https://openalex.org/W2046752310","https://openalex.org/W2054238888","https://openalex.org/W2056777003","https://openalex.org/W2065178674","https://openalex.org/W2065230155","https://openalex.org/W2070700777","https://openalex.org/W2079177104"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1974520747","https://openalex.org/W4402745079","https://openalex.org/W2008342341","https://openalex.org/W2069441675","https://openalex.org/W2028778386","https://openalex.org/W2068078930","https://openalex.org/W2063483030","https://openalex.org/W1536015041","https://openalex.org/W2241078430","https://openalex.org/W4200434257"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":28}],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
