{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1986891908","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-75-2-157","title":"Use of the Laboratory in a Teaching Hospital: Implications for Patient Care, Education, and Hospital Costs","display_name":"Use of the Laboratory in a Teaching Hospital: Implications for Patient Care, Education, and Hospital Costs","publication_year":1971,"publication_date":"1971-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1986891908","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-75-2-157","mag":"1986891908","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4997641"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.7326/0003-4819-75-2-157","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-75-2-157","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-75-2-157","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S119722071","display_name":"Annals of Internal Medicine","issn_l":"0003-4819","issn":["0003-4819","1539-3704"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316812","host_organization_name":"American College of Physicians","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316812"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American College of Physicians"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annals of Internal Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W1986891908"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048583943","display_name":"Paul F. Griner","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"PAUL F. GRINER","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040153501","display_name":"Benjamin Liptzin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"BENJAMIN LIPTZIN","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rochester, New York"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rochester, New York","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":68.1078,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":170,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99815255,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"75","issue":"2","first_page":"157","last_page":"163"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13555","display_name":"Healthcare cost, quality, practices","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13555","display_name":"Healthcare cost, quality, practices","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11314","display_name":"Clinical Laboratory Practices and Quality Control","score":0.004600000102072954,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3607","display_name":"Medical Laboratory Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12574","display_name":"Clinical Reasoning and Diagnostic Skills","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2714","display_name":"Family Practice"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laboratory-test-utilization","display_name":"laboratory test utilization","score":0.7749999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overuse-of-laboratory-tests","display_name":"overuse of laboratory tests","score":0.847000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hospitalization-costs","display_name":"hospital costs","score":0.7770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teaching-hospitals","display_name":"teaching hospitals","score":0.5339999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/house-staff","display_name":"house staff","score":0.6579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-decision-making","display_name":"clinical decision-making","score":0.4560000002384186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-education","display_name":"medical education","score":0.546999990940094}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9000321626663208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44519122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2296168","display_name":"Medical laboratory","level":2,"score":0.5978608131408691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017735764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q256698","display_name":"House staff","level":2,"score":0.5726348161697388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989236134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Patient care","level":2,"score":0.4591512084007263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.3585120439529419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194828623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2861470","display_name":"Emergency medicine","level":1,"score":0.34781333804130554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C545542383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2751242","display_name":"Medical emergency","level":1,"score":0.34087997674942017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.20228031277656555}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001432","descriptor_name":"Bacteriology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002624","descriptor_name":"Chemistry, Clinical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003933","descriptor_name":"Diagnosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004469","descriptor_name":"Economics, Hospital","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004501","descriptor_name":"Education, Medical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005102","descriptor_name":"Health Expenditures","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006405","descriptor_name":"Hematology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006760","descriptor_name":"Hospitalization","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006784","descriptor_name":"Hospitals, Teaching","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007362","descriptor_name":"Intensive Care Units","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007396","descriptor_name":"Internship and Residency","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007902","descriptor_name":"Length of Stay","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009518","descriptor_name":"New York","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011787","descriptor_name":"Quality of Health Care","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011859","descriptor_name":"Radiography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012124","descriptor_name":"Respiratory Care Units","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019411","descriptor_name":"Clinical Laboratory Techniques","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.7326/0003-4819-75-2-157","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-75-2-157","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-75-2-157","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S119722071","display_name":"Annals of Internal Medicine","issn_l":"0003-4819","issn":["0003-4819","1539-3704"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316812","host_organization_name":"American College of Physicians","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316812"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American College of Physicians"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annals of Internal Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:4997641","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4997641","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annals of internal medicine","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8371999859809875,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1966118730","https://openalex.org/W2034428405","https://openalex.org/W2118503587","https://openalex.org/W2123849762","https://openalex.org/W2164296361","https://openalex.org/W2268990362","https://openalex.org/W2898879363","https://openalex.org/W4235046169","https://openalex.org/W4238654006"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4389305555","https://openalex.org/W1980120422","https://openalex.org/W1978711764","https://openalex.org/W50981674","https://openalex.org/W1985988821","https://openalex.org/W2411915882","https://openalex.org/W1590037260","https://openalex.org/W4385282941","https://openalex.org/W2060845686"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Laboratory":[0],"studies":[1,102,132],"contribute":[2],"significantly":[3],"to":[4,29,87,110,117,135],"the":[5,11,24,36,46,50,60,76,88,91,125,139,151],"cost":[6,68],"of":[7,14,39,49,52,69,75,80,90,128,141,153],"hospitalization.":[8],"Arguments":[9],"for":[10,26,42,93,124],"liberal":[12],"use":[13,38,82,127],"laboratory":[15,40,81,101,129,142],"tests":[16,65,143],"are":[17,103,133],"countered":[18],"by":[19,113,120],"concern":[20],"over":[21],"costs":[22],"and":[23,119],"need":[25],"young":[27],"physicians":[28],"develop":[30],"bedside":[31],"skills.":[32],"This":[33],"report":[34],"reviews":[35],"current":[37],"services":[41],"patients":[43],"hospitalized":[44],"on":[45],"Medical":[47,54],"Service":[48],"University":[51],"Rochester":[53],"Center.":[55],"During":[56],"a":[57,67],"14-day":[58],"hospitalization":[59],"average":[61],"patient":[62,92],"received":[63],"69":[64],"at":[66],"$469,":[70],"or":[71,146,149],"roughly":[72],"one":[73],"fourth":[74],"hospital":[77],"bill.":[78],"Patterns":[79],"may":[83],"bear":[84],"little":[85],"relation":[86],"needs":[89],"optimal":[94,126],"care.":[95,154],"The":[96,105],"data":[97,112],"suggest":[98],"that":[99],"follow-up":[100],"excessive.":[104],"house":[106],"staff":[107],"has":[108],"responded":[109],"these":[111],"identifying":[114],"factors":[115],"contributing":[116],"overuse":[118],"developing":[121],"rational":[122],"guidelines":[123],"tests.":[130],"Further":[131],"necessary":[134],"determine":[136],"how":[137],"often":[138],"results":[140],"influence":[144],"diagnostic":[145],"therapeutic":[147],"decisions":[148],"affect":[150],"outcome":[152]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-14T11:04:58.165337","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}