{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1986759632","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02643299008253433","title":"Are cognitive skills a prerequisite for learning to read and write?","display_name":"Are cognitive skills a prerequisite for learning to read and write?","publication_year":1990,"publication_date":"1990-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1986759632","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02643299008253433","mag":"1986759632"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/02643299008253433","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02643299008253433","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02643299008253433","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S81120478","display_name":"Cognitive Neuropsychology","issn_l":"0264-3294","issn":["0264-3294","1464-0627"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cognitive Neuropsychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087310940","display_name":"Giuseppe Cossu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I124601658","display_name":"University of Parma","ror":"https://ror.org/02k7wn190","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124601658"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giuseppe Cossu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Servizio di Neuropsichiatria Infantile, Universita di Parma, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Servizio di Neuropsichiatria Infantile, Universita di Parma, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124601658"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107850164","display_name":"John C. Marshall","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9937-0268","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9937-0268","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7902-6291"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John C. Marshall","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford, U.K. ; Neuropsychology Unit, The Radcliffe Infirmary, Woodstock Road, Oxford, OX2 6HE, U.K","Neuropsychology Unit, The Radcliffe Infirmary , Woodstock Road, Oxford, OX2 6HE, U.K","The Radcliffe Infirmary , Oxford, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford, U.K. ; Neuropsychology Unit, The Radcliffe Infirmary, Woodstock Road, Oxford, OX2 6HE, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neuropsychology Unit, The Radcliffe Infirmary , Woodstock Road, Oxford, OX2 6HE, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Radcliffe Infirmary , Oxford, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.7034,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":51,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96840149,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"1","first_page":"21","last_page":"40"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10103","display_name":"Reading and Literacy Development","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10103","display_name":"Reading and Literacy Development","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14104","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3206","display_name":"Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10730","display_name":"Language Development and Disorders","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reading-acquisition","display_name":"reading acquisition","score":0.7760000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/writing-acquisition","display_name":"writing acquisition","score":0.7630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/severe-intellectual-disability","display_name":"severe intellectual disability","score":0.8550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-modularity","display_name":"cognitive modularity","score":0.4259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metalinguistic-awareness","display_name":"metalinguistic awareness","score":0.9559999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reading-readiness","display_name":"reading readiness","score":0.9710000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phonological-awareness","display_name":"phonological awareness","score":0.6140000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-impairment","display_name":"semantic impairment","score":0.33000001311302185}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.7349821329116821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554936623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199657","display_name":"Reading (process)","level":2,"score":0.6515570878982544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.5707325339317322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.5695080757141113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779478453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6889748","display_name":"Modularity (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5539212226867676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778780117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3269423","display_name":"Reading comprehension","level":3,"score":0.5222735404968262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776808766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199657","display_name":"Learning to read","level":3,"score":0.5114847421646118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511192102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5156948","display_name":"Comprehension","level":2,"score":0.4451245963573456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197268465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355122","display_name":"Memory span","level":4,"score":0.43202900886535645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.41540154814720154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21963081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11337567","display_name":"Working memory","level":3,"score":0.23379778861999512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/02643299008253433","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02643299008253433","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02643299008253433","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S81120478","display_name":"Cognitive Neuropsychology","issn_l":"0264-3294","issn":["0264-3294","1464-0627"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cognitive Neuropsychology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality education","score":0.6164000034332275,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Case Report","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/case-report"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W20801777","https://openalex.org/W33050051","https://openalex.org/W650866083","https://openalex.org/W1522445831","https://openalex.org/W1589985848","https://openalex.org/W1615380315","https://openalex.org/W1967906199","https://openalex.org/W1976824502","https://openalex.org/W1978638659","https://openalex.org/W1979833100","https://openalex.org/W1988275232","https://openalex.org/W2003922676","https://openalex.org/W2014479480","https://openalex.org/W2015112260","https://openalex.org/W2017026015","https://openalex.org/W2020103077","https://openalex.org/W2021821105","https://openalex.org/W2021872485","https://openalex.org/W2033627016","https://openalex.org/W2034470886","https://openalex.org/W2036535762","https://openalex.org/W2044378417","https://openalex.org/W2048348437","https://openalex.org/W2056392634","https://openalex.org/W2065322704","https://openalex.org/W2082585610","https://openalex.org/W2083079461","https://openalex.org/W2089567107","https://openalex.org/W2133162609","https://openalex.org/W2137502146","https://openalex.org/W2149953986","https://openalex.org/W2201120128","https://openalex.org/W2324939122","https://openalex.org/W2331082398","https://openalex.org/W2333980451","https://openalex.org/W2605513355","https://openalex.org/W2785297464","https://openalex.org/W2894865365","https://openalex.org/W3193623704"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2059502804","https://openalex.org/W2036535762","https://openalex.org/W3008765167","https://openalex.org/W2755931050","https://openalex.org/W2795010138","https://openalex.org/W6999266358","https://openalex.org/W6960149554","https://openalex.org/W7161562451","https://openalex.org/W7033193389","https://openalex.org/W2893180081"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"reports":[2],"a":[3,8,15,20,109],"single":[4],"case":[5],"study":[6],"of":[7,18,23,45,58,64,78,87,97,105,111],"severely":[9],"retarded":[10],"Italian":[11],"boy.":[12],"TA":[13,67],"has":[14,68],"full-scale":[16],"I.Q.":[17],"47,":[19],"digit":[21],"span":[22],"2":[24],"items,":[25],"and":[26,38,47,72,80,102],"gross":[27],"deficits":[28],"in":[29,43],"many":[30],"praxic":[31],"tasks.":[32],"His":[33],"spoken":[34],"language":[35],"is":[36,51,55],"phonologically":[37],"syntactically":[39],"well":[40],"formed,":[41],"although":[42],"terms":[44],"semantic":[46],"thematic":[48],"structure":[49],"it":[50],"highly":[52],"impaired.":[53],"There":[54],"comparable":[56],"disorder":[57],"verbal":[59],"comprehension.":[60],"Despite":[61],"this":[62],"background":[63],"cognitive":[65,98],"failure,":[66],"acquired":[69],"excellent":[70],"reading":[71],"writing":[73],"skills":[74],"at":[75],"the":[76,85,88,91,94,103],"level":[77],"print-to-sound":[79],"sound-to-print":[81],"transcoding.":[82],"We":[83],"discuss":[84],"implications":[86],"data":[89],"for":[90,100],"modularity":[92],"hypothesis,":[93],"vexed":[95],"issue":[96],"prerequisites":[99],"reading,":[101],"role":[104],"\u201cmetalinguistic":[106],"awareness\u201d":[107],"as":[108],"determinant":[110],"\u201creading":[112],"readiness\u201d.":[113]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}