{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1986401110","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00221309.1968.9710458","title":"The Effect of Fear and Anxiety on Exploration and Curiosity: Toward a Theory of Exploration","display_name":"The Effect of Fear and Anxiety on Exploration and Curiosity: Toward a Theory of Exploration","publication_year":1968,"publication_date":"1968-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1986401110","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00221309.1968.9710458","mag":"1986401110","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4877753"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/00221309.1968.9710458","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00221309.1968.9710458","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00221309.1968.9710458","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S108318183","display_name":"The Journal of General Psychology","issn_l":"0022-1309","issn":["0022-1309","1940-0888"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of General Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066919651","display_name":"David Lester","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1357-8672","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1357-8672","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7558-4106"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6902469","display_name":"Brandeis University","ror":"https://ror.org/05abbep66","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6902469"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"David Lester","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, Brandeis University, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, Brandeis University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6902469"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5066919651"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6902469"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8333,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":37,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.4,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"79","issue":"1","first_page":"105","last_page":"120"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14308","display_name":"Psychological and Educational Research Studies","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14308","display_name":"Psychological and Educational Research Studies","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10853","display_name":"Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11079","display_name":"Creativity in Education and Neuroscience","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fear","display_name":"fear","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anxiety","display_name":"anxiety","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploration","display_name":"exploration","score":0.9570000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/curiosity","display_name":"curiosity","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emotion-and-behavior","display_name":"emotion and behavior","score":0.6230000257492065}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33435437","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q366791","display_name":"Curiosity","level":2,"score":0.9677367210388184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C558461103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154430","display_name":"Anxiety","level":2,"score":0.7457963228225708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.7241067290306091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67677051","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5439364","display_name":"Fear appeal","level":2,"score":0.58826744556427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11171543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41630","display_name":"Psychoanalysis","level":1,"score":0.4429793357849121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.4026551842689514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.39125531911849976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.3874673843383789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.09445083141326904}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001007","descriptor_name":"Anxiety","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001143","descriptor_name":"Arousal","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001522","descriptor_name":"Behavior, Animal","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004597","descriptor_name":"Electroshock","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004924","descriptor_name":"Escape Reaction","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005106","descriptor_name":"Exploratory Behavior","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005239","descriptor_name":"Fear","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008124","descriptor_name":"Locomotion","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051379","descriptor_name":"Mice","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051381","descriptor_name":"Rats","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/00221309.1968.9710458","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00221309.1968.9710458","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00221309.1968.9710458","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S108318183","display_name":"The Journal of General Psychology","issn_l":"0022-1309","issn":["0022-1309","1940-0888"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of General Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:4877753","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4877753","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of general psychology","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W182590272","https://openalex.org/W1763311249","https://openalex.org/W1890753574","https://openalex.org/W1969887276","https://openalex.org/W1969917453","https://openalex.org/W1974449239","https://openalex.org/W1974585560","https://openalex.org/W1982203091","https://openalex.org/W1990498045","https://openalex.org/W1995574742","https://openalex.org/W1997829813","https://openalex.org/W1997964815","https://openalex.org/W2000977027","https://openalex.org/W2002707907","https://openalex.org/W2009234082","https://openalex.org/W2011325673","https://openalex.org/W2011508216","https://openalex.org/W2012756841","https://openalex.org/W2014781709","https://openalex.org/W2018915782","https://openalex.org/W2019643568","https://openalex.org/W2020721818","https://openalex.org/W2030315525","https://openalex.org/W2032144787","https://openalex.org/W2033515483","https://openalex.org/W2038067100","https://openalex.org/W2038660155","https://openalex.org/W2040258521","https://openalex.org/W2040285402","https://openalex.org/W2043071133","https://openalex.org/W2043219398","https://openalex.org/W2047279807","https://openalex.org/W2048190213","https://openalex.org/W2049902578","https://openalex.org/W2067892004","https://openalex.org/W2068505300","https://openalex.org/W2072041476","https://openalex.org/W2073179941","https://openalex.org/W2073457053","https://openalex.org/W2074172749","https://openalex.org/W2074830527","https://openalex.org/W2077452842","https://openalex.org/W2078833921","https://openalex.org/W2085840574","https://openalex.org/W2086417613","https://openalex.org/W2106614179","https://openalex.org/W2107165914","https://openalex.org/W2110225782","https://openalex.org/W2111768113","https://openalex.org/W2116746777","https://openalex.org/W2134782479","https://openalex.org/W2138700237","https://openalex.org/W2166112466","https://openalex.org/W2246230246","https://openalex.org/W2272381345","https://openalex.org/W2317722949","https://openalex.org/W2549527387","https://openalex.org/W2552552067","https://openalex.org/W2802872143","https://openalex.org/W4301831348"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1974449239","https://openalex.org/W1997964815","https://openalex.org/W1995574742","https://openalex.org/W2065529568","https://openalex.org/W2487691606","https://openalex.org/W1969887276","https://openalex.org/W1999238090","https://openalex.org/W2503352255","https://openalex.org/W2052359691","https://openalex.org/W390653545"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"(1968).":[0],"The":[1,16],"Effect":[2],"of":[3,14,18],"Fear":[4],"and":[5,9],"Anxiety":[6],"on":[7],"Exploration":[8],"Curiosity:":[10],"Toward":[11],"a":[12],"Theory":[13],"Exploration.":[15],"Journal":[17],"General":[19],"Psychology:":[20],"Vol.":[21],"79,":[22],"No.":[23],"1,":[24],"pp.":[25],"105-120.":[26]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
