{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1986373384","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jiel/jgl015","title":"Human Rights, Risks, and New Strategies for Global Investment","display_name":"Human Rights, Risks, and New Strategies for Global Investment","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-08-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1986373384","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jiel/jgl015","mag":"1986373384"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/jiel/jgl015","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jiel/jgl015","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jiel/jgl015","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S197191252","display_name":"Journal of International Economic Law","issn_l":"1369-3034","issn":["1369-3034","1464-3758"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of International Economic Law","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062052153","display_name":"Sheldon L. Leader","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5192-3268","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5192-3268"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110002522","display_name":"University of Essex","ror":"https://ror.org/02nkf1q06","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sheldon Leader","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Essex - School of Law"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Essex - School of Law","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5062052153"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"],"apc_list":{"value":4535,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4535},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":32.9947,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":70,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.994264,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"3","first_page":"657","last_page":"705"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12040","display_name":"International Arbitration and Investment Law","score":0.8241999745368958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12040","display_name":"International Arbitration and Investment Law","score":0.8241999745368958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13408","display_name":"Corporate Law and Human Rights","score":0.16359999775886536,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12669","display_name":"Comparative International Legal Studies","score":0.001500000013038516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-rights","display_name":"human rights","score":0.9200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foreign-direct-investment","display_name":"foreign direct investment","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/investment-contracts","display_name":"investment contracts","score":0.8930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/investment-risk","display_name":"investment risk","score":0.36500000953674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-protection","display_name":"environmental protection","score":0.6340000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-and-safety","display_name":"health and safety","score":0.8420000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baku-tbilisi-ceyhan-pipeline","display_name":"Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan pipeline","score":0.8220000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-justice","display_name":"social justice","score":0.628000020980835}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169437150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8458","display_name":"Human rights","level":2,"score":0.7405855059623718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27548731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88272","display_name":"Investment (military)","level":3,"score":0.7113794088363647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992823438","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q490513","display_name":"International investment","level":3,"score":0.6094993948936462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.5476341843605042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.43299925327301025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.39960479736328125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3470105528831482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.307953417301178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33842695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q490513","display_name":"Foreign direct investment","level":2,"score":0.2595597803592682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/jiel/jgl015","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jiel/jgl015","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jiel/jgl015","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S197191252","display_name":"Journal of International Economic Law","issn_l":"1369-3034","issn":["1369-3034","1464-3758"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of International Economic Law","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:open-archive.highwire.org:jielaw:jgl015v1","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://jiel.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/jgl015v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406923041","display_name":"HighWire Press Open Archive","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"TEXT"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.8999999761581421}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2543670946","https://openalex.org/W781363929","https://openalex.org/W4241087139","https://openalex.org/W2794467086","https://openalex.org/W4240251422","https://openalex.org/W4410512961","https://openalex.org/W6991949674","https://openalex.org/W6996309712","https://openalex.org/W4402511218","https://openalex.org/W7128438670"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"It":[0,122],"is":[1,41,88],"often":[2],"argued":[3],"that":[4,28,86],"the":[5,15,26,29,73,77,113,124,139,143,155,169,176,204],"rules":[6],"and":[7,47,57,64,66,115,133,150,163],"practices":[8],"of":[9,17,104,112,128,157,196],"foreign":[10],"direct":[11],"investment":[12,140,201],"can":[13],"threaten":[14],"protection":[16,63],"human":[18,55,164,187],"rights.":[19],"That":[20],"danger":[21,69],"used":[22],"to":[23,54,58,98,120,175,180,186],"arise":[24],"from":[25,72,138],"fact":[27],"investors":[30],"simply":[31],"dismissed":[32],"concern":[33],"for":[34,200],"these":[35,161],"rights":[36,56,165,188],"as":[37],"their":[38],"responsibility.":[39],"This":[40],"no":[42],"longer":[43],"so.":[44],"Major":[45],"lenders":[46],"project":[48],"sponsors":[49],"now":[50],"regularly":[51],"make":[52],"commitments":[53],"allied":[59],"principles":[60],"governing":[61],"environmental":[62],"health":[65],"safety.":[67],"The":[68,84,107,190],"instead":[70],"arises":[71],"way":[74],"in":[75,126,203],"which":[76],"two":[78],"domains":[79],"are":[80,97,167],"being":[81],"brought":[82],"together.":[83],"collision":[85,159],"threatens":[87],"not":[89],"over":[90,93],"whether,":[91],"but":[92],"how":[94],"commercial":[95],"imperatives":[96],"be":[99],"integrated":[100],"with":[101,193],"this":[102],"branch":[103],"social":[105],"justice.":[106],"article":[108],"aims":[109],"at":[110],"diagnosis":[111],"problem":[114],"considers":[116,171],"some":[117,197],"possible":[118],"solutions":[119],"it.":[121],"frames":[123],"issues":[125],"terms":[127],"several":[129],"competing":[130],"fundamental":[131],"principles,":[132],"draws":[134],"on":[135],"concrete":[136],"examples":[137],"contracts":[141,162,202],"regulating":[142],"Baku":[144],"\u2013":[145],"Tibilisi":[146],"-":[147],"Ceyhan":[148],"(BTC)":[149],"Chad/Cameroon":[151],"pipeline":[152],"projects.":[153],"Once":[154],"areas":[156],"potential":[158],"between":[160],"requirements":[166],"explored,":[168],"essay":[170],"a":[172,194],"significant":[173],"alteration":[174],"BTC":[177],"agreement,":[178],"designed":[179],"open":[181],"it":[182],"up":[183],"more":[184],"effectively":[185],"concerns.":[189],"analysis":[191],"ends":[192],"consideration":[195],"model":[198],"clauses":[199],"future.":[205]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
