{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1986312926","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/rest_a_00345","title":"Distributing Pollution Rights in Cap-and-Trade Programs: Are Outcomes Independent of Allocation?","display_name":"Distributing Pollution Rights in Cap-and-Trade Programs: Are Outcomes Independent of Allocation?","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-01-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1986312926","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/rest_a_00345","mag":"1986312926"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1162/rest_a_00345","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/rest_a_00345","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/rest_a_00345","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S180061323","display_name":"The Review of Economics and Statistics","issn_l":"0034-6535","issn":["0034-6535","1530-9142"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718","https://openalex.org/P4310316440"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press","Massachusetts Institute of Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Review of Economics and Statistics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109723419","display_name":"Meredith Fowlie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9147-1742","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9147-1742"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meredith Fowlie","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Berkeley"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Berkeley","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038713815","display_name":"Jeffrey M. Perloff","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0111-7158","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0111-7158"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeffrey M. Perloff","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Berkeley"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Berkeley","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.8296,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":65,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96606524,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"95","issue":"5","first_page":"1640","last_page":"1652"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10471","display_name":"Climate Change Policy and Economics","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10471","display_name":"Climate Change Policy and Economics","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11762","display_name":"Law, Economics, and Judicial Systems","score":0.0010999999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10438","display_name":"Energy, Environment, Economic Growth","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emissions-trading","display_name":"emissions trading","score":0.8539999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/independence-property","display_name":"independence property","score":0.7129999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pollution-rights","display_name":"pollution rights","score":0.7720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/southern-california","display_name":"Southern California","score":0.6430000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/firm-level-emissions","display_name":"firm-level emissions","score":0.8289999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-policy-design","display_name":"environmental policy design","score":0.515999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-assignment","display_name":"random assignment","score":0.41600000858306885}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35651441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q625303","display_name":"Independence (probability theory)","level":2,"score":0.7982615828514099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86511162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8799101","display_name":"Property rights","level":2,"score":0.6938105821609497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.6435325145721436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.6260949373245239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100405246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8348417","display_name":"Emissions trading","level":3,"score":0.5316933393478394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.5238440036773682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4412817358970642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100001284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2248246","display_name":"Public economics","level":1,"score":0.4397219717502594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780589192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7285140","display_name":"Raising (metalworking)","level":2,"score":0.43290606141090393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189950617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q937228","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.42712950706481934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.3729582726955414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47737302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167336","display_name":"Greenhouse gas","level":2,"score":0.1644948422908783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.11273175477981567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08765736222267151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1162/rest_a_00345","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/rest_a_00345","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/rest_a_00345","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S180061323","display_name":"The Review of Economics and Statistics","issn_l":"0034-6535","issn":["0034-6535","1530-9142"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718","https://openalex.org/P4310316440"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press","Massachusetts Institute of Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Review of Economics and Statistics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:tpr:restat:v:95:y:2013:i:5:p:1640-1652","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1162/REST_a_00345","pdf_url":"http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1162/REST_a_00345","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.1001.5453","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.1001.5453","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://escholarship.org/uc/item/70f62476.pdf%3Borigin%3Drepeccitec","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.394.286","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.394.286","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://are.berkeley.edu/~jperloff/PDF/RECLAIM.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.6601999998092651}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W119765460","https://openalex.org/W259238864","https://openalex.org/W1491960110","https://openalex.org/W1499113904","https://openalex.org/W1502115370","https://openalex.org/W1543756226","https://openalex.org/W1544263021","https://openalex.org/W1576112232","https://openalex.org/W1588633168","https://openalex.org/W1599981107","https://openalex.org/W1833528531","https://openalex.org/W1975276297","https://openalex.org/W1990596741","https://openalex.org/W1992676255","https://openalex.org/W2000525652","https://openalex.org/W2002493340","https://openalex.org/W2004030074","https://openalex.org/W2011854210","https://openalex.org/W2031907031","https://openalex.org/W2044136808","https://openalex.org/W2057370143","https://openalex.org/W2099912251","https://openalex.org/W2104001043","https://openalex.org/W2121565765","https://openalex.org/W2124758339","https://openalex.org/W2131740028","https://openalex.org/W2143460040","https://openalex.org/W2164731701","https://openalex.org/W2891626268","https://openalex.org/W3121352465","https://openalex.org/W3122729423","https://openalex.org/W3123222339","https://openalex.org/W3123501114","https://openalex.org/W3124259699","https://openalex.org/W4249274412"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2909142877","https://openalex.org/W3121352465","https://openalex.org/W3128692202","https://openalex.org/W7096275258","https://openalex.org/W7053405673","https://openalex.org/W7101019948","https://openalex.org/W7096262476","https://openalex.org/W2038241946","https://openalex.org/W2926736508","https://openalex.org/W3125551701"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Standard":[1],"economic":[2],"theory":[3],"predicts":[4],"that":[5,62],"if":[6],"property":[7,36,65],"rights":[8],"to":[9,68,80,92,106],"pollute":[10],"are":[11,30],"clearly":[12],"established,":[13],"equilibrium":[14],"outcomes":[15],"in":[16,70,85,90],"an":[17],"efficient":[18],"emissions":[19,28],"permit":[20,55,82,97],"market":[21],"will":[22],"be":[23],"independent":[24],"of":[25,78,96],"how":[26],"the":[27,53,63,75,94,107],"permits":[29],"initially":[31],"distributed.":[32],"This":[33],"so-called":[34],"independence":[35,64,95,108],"has":[37],"important":[38],"implications":[39],"for":[40],"policy":[41],"design":[42],"and":[43,57,99],"implementation.":[44],"Past":[45],"studies":[46],"document":[47],"a":[48],"strong":[49],"positive":[50],"correlation":[51],"between":[52],"initial":[54],"allocation":[56,83,98],"firm-level":[58],"emissions,":[59],"raising":[60],"concerns":[61],"is":[66],"failing":[67],"hold":[69],"real-world":[71],"settings.":[72],"We":[73],"exploit":[74],"random":[76],"assignment":[77],"firms":[79],"different":[81],"cycles":[84],"Southern":[86],"California's":[87],"RECLAIM":[88],"program":[89],"order":[91],"test":[93],"emissions.":[100],"Our":[101],"results":[102],"lend":[103],"empirical":[104],"support":[105],"hypothesis.":[109]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
