{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1986224665","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/68.491558","title":"A low-noise and gain-flattened amplifier composed of a silica-based and a fluoride-based Er/sup 3+/-doped fiber amplifier in a cascade configuration","display_name":"A low-noise and gain-flattened amplifier composed of a silica-based and a fluoride-based Er/sup 3+/-doped fiber amplifier in a cascade configuration","publication_year":1996,"publication_date":"1996-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1986224665","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/68.491558","mag":"1986224665"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/68.491558","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/68.491558","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/68.491558","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S27723657","display_name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","issn_l":"1041-1135","issn":["1041-1135","1941-0174"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101714933","display_name":"Makoto Yamada","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2619-2947","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2619-2947"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2251713219","display_name":"NTT (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/00berct97","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2251713219"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Yamada","raw_affiliation_strings":["NTT Opto-Elecronics Laboratories, Naka-gun, Ibaraki, Japan","NTT Opto-Electron. Labs., Ibaraki, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NTT Opto-Elecronics Laboratories, Naka-gun, Ibaraki, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2251713219"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NTT Opto-Electron. Labs., Ibaraki, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2251713219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102003030","display_name":"Hirotaka Ono","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3677-5863","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3677-5863"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2251713219","display_name":"NTT (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/00berct97","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2251713219"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H. Ono","raw_affiliation_strings":["NTT Opto-Elecronics Laboratories, Naka-gun, Ibaraki, Japan","NTT Opto-Electron. Labs., Ibaraki, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NTT Opto-Elecronics Laboratories, Naka-gun, Ibaraki, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2251713219"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NTT Opto-Electron. Labs., Ibaraki, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2251713219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063401247","display_name":"Toshiyuki Kanamori","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4856-0037","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4856-0037"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2251713219","display_name":"NTT (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/00berct97","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2251713219"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. Kanamori","raw_affiliation_strings":["NTT Opto-Elecronics Laboratories, Naka-gun, Ibaraki, Japan","NTT Opto-Electron. Labs., Ibaraki, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NTT Opto-Elecronics Laboratories, Naka-gun, Ibaraki, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2251713219"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NTT Opto-Electron. Labs., Ibaraki, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2251713219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046133334","display_name":"Taiji Sakamoto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6432-7975","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6432-7975"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2251713219","display_name":"NTT (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/00berct97","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2251713219"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. Sakamoto","raw_affiliation_strings":["NTT Opto-Elecronics Laboratories, Naka-gun, Ibaraki, Japan","NTT Opto-Electron. Labs., Ibaraki, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NTT Opto-Elecronics Laboratories, Naka-gun, Ibaraki, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2251713219"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NTT Opto-Electron. Labs., Ibaraki, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2251713219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109962999","display_name":"Yasutaka Ohishi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2251713219","display_name":"NTT (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/00berct97","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2251713219"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Y. Ohishi","raw_affiliation_strings":["NTT Opto-Elecronics Laboratories, Naka-gun, Ibaraki, Japan","NTT Opto-Electron. Labs., Ibaraki, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NTT Opto-Elecronics Laboratories, Naka-gun, Ibaraki, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2251713219"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NTT Opto-Electron. Labs., Ibaraki, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2251713219"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111756917","display_name":"S. Sudo","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2251713219","display_name":"NTT (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/00berct97","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2251713219"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Sudo","raw_affiliation_strings":["NTT Opto-Elecronics Laboratories, Naka-gun, Ibaraki, Japan","NTT Opto-Electron. Labs., Ibaraki, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NTT Opto-Elecronics Laboratories, Naka-gun, Ibaraki, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2251713219"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NTT Opto-Electron. Labs., Ibaraki, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2251713219"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2251713219"],"apc_list":{"value":2645,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2645},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.3215,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":45,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98440088,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"5","first_page":"620","last_page":"622"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10232","display_name":"Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9804999828338623,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10232","display_name":"Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9804999828338623,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10767","display_name":"Advanced Photonic Communication Systems","score":0.0044999998062849045,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10846","display_name":"Photonic Crystal and Fiber Optics","score":0.0035000001080334187,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/erbium-doped-fiber-amplifier","display_name":"erbium-doped fiber amplifier","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-noise-figure","display_name":"low noise figure","score":0.6549999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gain-flattening","display_name":"gain flattening","score":0.8190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelength-division-multiplexing","display_name":"wavelength division multiplexing","score":0.9470000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/1480-nm-pumping","display_name":"1480 nm pumping","score":0.8790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/980-nm-pumping","display_name":"980 nm pumping","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-isolator","display_name":"optical isolator","score":0.8920000195503235}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101649071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1359305","display_name":"Optical amplifier","level":3,"score":0.792166531085968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160724564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620670","display_name":"Wavelength-division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.7316942811012268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112806910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q746825","display_name":"Noise figure","level":4,"score":0.6394951343536377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.6141452193260193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.4786733090877533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34146451","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5048094","display_name":"Cascade","level":2,"score":0.4758434295654297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.44142115116119385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194257627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554","display_name":"Amplifier","level":3,"score":0.4358525276184082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.42636802792549133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513967374","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1849","display_name":"Erbium","level":3,"score":0.4171958863735199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6260449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41364","display_name":"Wavelength","level":2,"score":0.32720309495925903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.27158796787261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57863236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130571","display_name":"Doping","level":2,"score":0.22008174657821655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09941911697387695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.09917083382606506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.08748561143875122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.08212721347808838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/68.491558","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/68.491558","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/68.491558","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S27723657","display_name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","issn_l":"1041-1135","issn":["1041-1135","1941-0174"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1644627389","https://openalex.org/W2023348254","https://openalex.org/W2109799600","https://openalex.org/W2111803502","https://openalex.org/W2134879075","https://openalex.org/W2156473208","https://openalex.org/W2168400482","https://openalex.org/W2177334511","https://openalex.org/W2461108695","https://openalex.org/W6636926140","https://openalex.org/W6718514132"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2187780038","https://openalex.org/W2050560594","https://openalex.org/W2216735568","https://openalex.org/W2200447175","https://openalex.org/W2109799600","https://openalex.org/W2216573908","https://openalex.org/W2150268976","https://openalex.org/W1991827235","https://openalex.org/W2152668919","https://openalex.org/W2265265675"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"propose":[1],"a":[2,14,26,34,63,79,84,92],"novel":[3],"low":[4,80],"noise":[5,72,81,85],"and":[6,71,78,91],"gain-flattened":[7],"Er/sup":[8,47],"3+/-doped":[9,48],"fiber":[10,49],"amplifier":[11],"(EDFA)":[12],"with":[13,62,83],"cascade":[15],"configuration":[16],"for":[17,100],"wavelength":[18,108],"division":[19],"multiplexing":[20],"(WDM)":[21],"signals.":[22],"In":[23],"this":[24],"configuration,":[25],"1480-nm":[27],"pumped":[28,36],"fluoride-based":[29],"EDFA":[30,38,61,82],"is":[31],"joined":[32],"to":[33],"980-nm":[35],"silica-based":[37,46,53],"through":[39],"an":[40,57],"optical":[41],"isolator.":[42],"By":[43],"adjusting":[44],"the":[45,52,106],"length":[50],"in":[51,105],"EDFA,":[54],"we":[55],"realized":[56],"excellent":[58],"flat":[59],"gain":[60,64,93],"excursion":[65,94],"of":[66,74,87,95],"less":[67,96],"than":[68,97],"0.9":[69],"dB":[70,90],"figure":[73,86],"5.7/spl":[75],"plusmn/0.2":[76,89],"dB,":[77,99],"5/spl":[88],"1.4":[98],"8":[101],"channel":[102],"WDM":[103],"signal":[104],"1532-1560-nm":[107],"region.":[109]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-01T08:54:57.152042","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}