{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1986049697","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2147/tcrm.s29179","title":"Diagnosis and management of miliary tuberculosis: current state and future perspectives","display_name":"Diagnosis and management of miliary tuberculosis: current state and future perspectives","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1986049697","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2147/tcrm.s29179","mag":"1986049697","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23326198","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3544391"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2147/tcrm.s29179","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2147/tcrm.s29179","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2147/tcrm.s29179","pdf_url":"https://www.dovepress.com/getfile.php?fileID=27203","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S204453222","display_name":"Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management","issn_l":"1176-6336","issn":["1176-6336","1178-203X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320348","host_organization_name":"Dove Medical Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320348","https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Dove Medical Press","Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.dovepress.com/getfile.php?fileID=27203","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113689884","display_name":"Sayantan Ray","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I68428275","display_name":"Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata","ror":"https://ror.org/021nb2v44","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I226431899","https://openalex.org/I68428275"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sayantan Ray","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68428275"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028247893","display_name":"Supratip Kundu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I68428275","display_name":"Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata","ror":"https://ror.org/021nb2v44","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I226431899","https://openalex.org/I68428275"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Supratip Kundu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68428275"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053913824","display_name":"Nikhil Sonthalia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5439-2084","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5439-2084"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I243989293","display_name":"KPC Medical College and Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01d00rw04","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I226431899","https://openalex.org/I243989293"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I68428275","display_name":"Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata","ror":"https://ror.org/021nb2v44","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I226431899","https://openalex.org/I68428275"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nikhil Sonthalia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I243989293","https://openalex.org/I68428275"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057532533","display_name":"Arunansu Talukdar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0407-4969","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0407-4969"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I243989293","display_name":"KPC Medical College and Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01d00rw04","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I226431899","https://openalex.org/I243989293"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I68428275","display_name":"Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata","ror":"https://ror.org/021nb2v44","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I226431899","https://openalex.org/I68428275"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arunansu Talukdar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I243989293","https://openalex.org/I68428275"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106766018","display_name":"Khanra","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I68428275","display_name":"Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata","ror":"https://ror.org/021nb2v44","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I226431899","https://openalex.org/I68428275"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Khanra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68428275"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2836,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2836},"apc_paid":{"value":2836,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2836},"fwci":6.1235,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":89,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96913772,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"9","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":true,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10038","display_name":"Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology","score":0.9531000256538391,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10038","display_name":"Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology","score":0.9531000256538391,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12578","display_name":"Diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis","score":0.03370000049471855,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11381","display_name":"Infectious Diseases and Tuberculosis","score":0.01080000028014183,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/miliary-tuberculosis","display_name":"miliary tuberculosis","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mycobacterium-tuberculosis","display_name":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hiv-tb-co-infection","display_name":"HIV/TB coinfection","score":0.8349999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acute-respiratory-distress-syndrome","display_name":"acute respiratory distress syndrome","score":0.9179999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-resolution-computed-tomography","display_name":"high-resolution computed tomography","score":0.9309999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/positron-emission-tomography","display_name":"positron emission tomography","score":0.7730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latent-tuberculosis-infection","display_name":"latent tuberculosis infection","score":0.6589999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-resistant-tuberculosis","display_name":"drug-resistant tuberculosis","score":0.9359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tuberculosis-treatment","display_name":"tuberculosis treatment","score":0.8999999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-induced-liver-injury","display_name":"drug-induced liver injury","score":0.8619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-drug-interactions","display_name":"drug-drug interactions","score":0.8220000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adjunctive-corticosteroids","display_name":"adjunctive corticosteroid therapy","score":0.8199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bcg-vaccine","display_name":"BCG vaccine","score":0.7570000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tuberculosis-diagnosis","display_name":"tuberculosis diagnosis","score":0.4359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomarkers","display_name":"biomarkers","score":0.6069999933242798}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778329809","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17583","display_name":"Miliary tuberculosis","level":3,"score":0.8873825073242188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8838776350021362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781069245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12204","display_name":"Tuberculosis","level":2,"score":0.7558255195617676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777975735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130971","display_name":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis","level":3,"score":0.4967661499977112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.43467336893081665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.3990834653377533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.39621874690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.34565943479537964}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2147/tcrm.s29179","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2147/tcrm.s29179","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2147/tcrm.s29179","pdf_url":"https://www.dovepress.com/getfile.php?fileID=27203","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S204453222","display_name":"Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management","issn_l":"1176-6336","issn":["1176-6336","1178-203X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320348","host_organization_name":"Dove Medical Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320348","https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Dove Medical Press","Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2548063","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3544391","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3544391","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3544391","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ther Clin Risk Manag","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:23326198","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23326198","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Therapeutics and clinical risk management","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:62ee0277db3c4a4091e37183ea2d28a1","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/62ee0277db3c4a4091e37183ea2d28a1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management, Vol 2013, Iss default, Pp 9-26 (2013)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dovepress.com/11886","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.dovepress.com/diagnosis-and-management-of-miliary-tuberculosis-current-state-and-fut-peer-reviewed-article-TCRM","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401012","display_name":"Dove Medical Press (Taylor and Francis Group)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Review"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2147/tcrm.s29179","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2147/tcrm.s29179","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2147/tcrm.s29179","pdf_url":"https://www.dovepress.com/getfile.php?fileID=27203","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S204453222","display_name":"Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management","issn_l":"1176-6336","issn":["1176-6336","1178-203X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320348","host_organization_name":"Dove Medical Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320348","https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Dove Medical Press","Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1986049697.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1986049697.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":147,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W18084902","https://openalex.org/W57434435","https://openalex.org/W74223996","https://openalex.org/W90788574","https://openalex.org/W151861233","https://openalex.org/W197484102","https://openalex.org/W600921714","https://openalex.org/W1486963719","https://openalex.org/W1513504783","https://openalex.org/W1521004442","https://openalex.org/W1536479632","https://openalex.org/W1571818011","https://openalex.org/W1587054396","https://openalex.org/W1633311227","https://openalex.org/W1650400111","https://openalex.org/W1846961128","https://openalex.org/W1872867092","https://openalex.org/W1907340751","https://openalex.org/W1923732149","https://openalex.org/W1971707830","https://openalex.org/W1972659935","https://openalex.org/W1976685136","https://openalex.org/W1980573177","https://openalex.org/W1985818088","https://openalex.org/W1986607793","https://openalex.org/W1990244729","https://openalex.org/W1990323022","https://openalex.org/W1993399072","https://openalex.org/W1998386355","https://openalex.org/W2003707390","https://openalex.org/W2004182958","https://openalex.org/W2004815652","https://openalex.org/W2007826356","https://openalex.org/W2008313682","https://openalex.org/W2017289077","https://openalex.org/W2017869549","https://openalex.org/W2018031259","https://openalex.org/W2018247064","https://openalex.org/W2019112188","https://openalex.org/W2019823288","https://openalex.org/W2019993409","https://openalex.org/W2024977959","https://openalex.org/W2027623817","https://openalex.org/W2028370605","https://openalex.org/W2032015462","https://openalex.org/W2034312067","https://openalex.org/W2037494837","https://openalex.org/W2039110189","https://openalex.org/W2039136496","https://openalex.org/W2041289632","https://openalex.org/W2041490190","https://openalex.org/W2042503235","https://openalex.org/W2045096944","https://openalex.org/W2051861355","https://openalex.org/W2054736004","https://openalex.org/W2055314405","https://openalex.org/W2057548583","https://openalex.org/W2058845341","https://openalex.org/W2060743856","https://openalex.org/W2061549405","https://openalex.org/W2066649456","https://openalex.org/W2068870875","https://openalex.org/W2070051840","https://openalex.org/W2070706715","https://openalex.org/W2075111823","https://openalex.org/W2075930646","https://openalex.org/W2077022677","https://openalex.org/W2077750545","https://openalex.org/W2079342037","https://openalex.org/W2089307887","https://openalex.org/W2089491079","https://openalex.org/W2093124159","https://openalex.org/W2093644669","https://openalex.org/W2095060469","https://openalex.org/W2095909120","https://openalex.org/W2098765769","https://openalex.org/W2100723028","https://openalex.org/W2100921566","https://openalex.org/W2106533238","https://openalex.org/W2109832559","https://openalex.org/W2112022845","https://openalex.org/W2112711738","https://openalex.org/W2114887896","https://openalex.org/W2117117581","https://openalex.org/W2117842419","https://openalex.org/W2118573105","https://openalex.org/W2119849749","https://openalex.org/W2122859649","https://openalex.org/W2123643891","https://openalex.org/W2124004982","https://openalex.org/W2125049374","https://openalex.org/W2134006363","https://openalex.org/W2135833948","https://openalex.org/W2135875946","https://openalex.org/W2142120834","https://openalex.org/W2145895627","https://openalex.org/W2145935449","https://openalex.org/W2147381409","https://openalex.org/W2151711365","https://openalex.org/W2154326381","https://openalex.org/W2154741117","https://openalex.org/W2154956239","https://openalex.org/W2156669028","https://openalex.org/W2156771418","https://openalex.org/W2159659039","https://openalex.org/W2159888518","https://openalex.org/W2161886864","https://openalex.org/W2163505761","https://openalex.org/W2164463488","https://openalex.org/W2165010366","https://openalex.org/W2166315112","https://openalex.org/W2168135524","https://openalex.org/W2248948244","https://openalex.org/W2262469360","https://openalex.org/W2279257511","https://openalex.org/W2296197442","https://openalex.org/W2322829755","https://openalex.org/W2323341684","https://openalex.org/W2334191276","https://openalex.org/W2341576832","https://openalex.org/W2397657322","https://openalex.org/W2398204001","https://openalex.org/W2400075779","https://openalex.org/W2405787184","https://openalex.org/W2408812312","https://openalex.org/W2411341695","https://openalex.org/W2412766345","https://openalex.org/W2416968959","https://openalex.org/W2418210342","https://openalex.org/W2471124886","https://openalex.org/W2475443948","https://openalex.org/W2482487303","https://openalex.org/W2965151235","https://openalex.org/W4206668312","https://openalex.org/W4235140597","https://openalex.org/W4237515204","https://openalex.org/W4240534202","https://openalex.org/W4240943203","https://openalex.org/W4241180709","https://openalex.org/W4241717196","https://openalex.org/W4246040275","https://openalex.org/W4254221699","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4301646404","https://openalex.org/W4385997046","https://openalex.org/W6630739319","https://openalex.org/W6979129585"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2104889054","https://openalex.org/W4211155083","https://openalex.org/W2313565105","https://openalex.org/W2160275853","https://openalex.org/W4220737548","https://openalex.org/W2146302986","https://openalex.org/W7202238190","https://openalex.org/W2418447005","https://openalex.org/W3164574320","https://openalex.org/W1993882818"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Tuberculosis":[0],"(TB)":[1],"remains":[2,247],"one":[3],"of":[4,9,38,46,52,61,71,75,150,155,171,181,191,230,252,261,304,323,357],"the":[5,24,59,62,85,95,148,205,299,321,352],"most":[6,86],"important":[7],"causes":[8],"death":[10],"from":[11,42,291],"an":[12,338],"infectious":[13],"disease,":[14,219],"and":[15,28,68,94,111,129,140,185,198,226,243,255,258,277,302,320,354,364,370],"it":[16],"poses":[17],"formidable":[18],"challenges":[19],"to":[20,118,268,297,340,367],"global":[21],"health":[22],"at":[23],"public":[25],"health,":[26],"scientific,":[27],"political":[29],"level.":[30],"Miliary":[31],"TB":[32,39,54,77,110,218,368],"is":[33,78,125,272,333],"a":[34,79,166,236,342],"potentially":[35],"fatal":[36],"form":[37],"that":[40,81],"results":[41],"massive":[43],"lymphohematogenous":[44],"dissemination":[45],"Mycobacterium":[47],"tuberculosis":[48,193,224],"bacilli.":[49],"The":[50],"epidemiology":[51,353],"miliary":[53,76,103,109,133,156,314,358],"has":[55,162,240,327],"been":[56,163,241,329],"altered":[57],"by":[58,153],"emergence":[60],"human":[63],"immunodeficiency":[64],"virus":[65],"(HIV)":[66],"infection":[67],"widespread":[69],"use":[70],"immunosuppressive":[72],"drugs.":[73],"Diagnosis":[74],"challenge":[80],"can":[82,264],"perplex":[83],"even":[84],"experienced":[87],"clinicians.":[88],"There":[89],"are":[90,144,295],"nonspecific":[91],"clinical":[92,253,355],"symptoms,":[93],"chest":[96],"radiographs":[97],"do":[98],"not":[99,328],"always":[100],"reveal":[101],"classical":[102],"changes.":[104],"Atypical":[105],"presentations":[106],"like":[107],"cryptic":[108],"acute":[112],"respiratory":[113],"distress":[114],"syndrome":[115],"often":[116],"lead":[117],"delayed":[119],"diagnosis.":[120,206],"High-resolution":[121],"computed":[122],"tomography":[123],"(HRCT)":[124],"relatively":[126],"more":[127,343],"sensitive":[128],"shows":[130],"randomly":[131],"distributed":[132],"nodules.":[134],"In":[135],"extrapulmonary":[136],"locations,":[137],"ultrasonography,":[138],"CT,":[139],"magnetic":[141],"resonance":[142],"imaging":[143],"useful":[145],"in":[146,194,203,280,306,337],"discerning":[147],"extent":[149],"organ":[151],"involvement":[152],"lesions":[154],"TB.":[157,173],"Recently,":[158],"positron-emission":[159],"tomographic":[160],"CT":[161],"investigated":[164],"as":[165,310,312],"promising":[167],"tool":[168],"for":[169,176,189,215,221],"evaluation":[170],"suspected":[172],"Fundus":[174],"examination":[175,180],"choroid":[177],"tubercles,":[178],"histopathological":[179],"tissue":[182],"biopsy":[183],"specimens,":[184],"rapid":[186],"culture":[187],"methods":[188],"isolation":[190],"M.":[192,223,231],"sputum,":[195],"body":[196,200],"fluids,":[197],"other":[199],"tissues":[201],"aid":[202],"confirming":[204],"Several":[207],"novel":[208,244],"diagnostic":[209],"tests":[210],"have":[211],"recently":[212],"become":[213],"available":[214,290],"detecting":[216],"active":[217],"screening":[220],"latent":[222],"infection,":[225],"identifying":[227],"drug-resistant":[228,313],"strains":[229],"tuberculosis.":[232],"However,":[233],"progress":[234],"toward":[235],"robust":[237],"point-of-care":[238],"test":[239],"limited,":[242],"biomarker":[245],"discovery":[246],"challenging.":[248],"A":[249],"high":[250],"index":[251],"suspicion":[254],"early":[256],"diagnosis":[257],"timely":[259],"institution":[260],"antituberculosis":[262,270],"treatment":[263,305,326],"be":[265],"lifesaving.":[266],"Response":[267],"first-line":[269],"drugs":[271],"good,":[273],"but":[274],"drug-induced":[275],"hepatotoxicity":[276],"drug-drug":[278],"interactions":[279],"HIV/TB":[281],"coinfected":[282],"patients":[283,307],"create":[284],"significant":[285],"problems":[286],"during":[287],"treatment.":[288,371],"Data":[289],"randomized":[292],"controlled":[293],"trials":[294],"insufficient":[296],"define":[298],"optimum":[300],"regimen":[301],"duration":[303],"with":[308,318],"drug-sensitive":[309],"well":[311],"TB,":[315,359],"including":[316],"those":[317],"HIV/AIDS,":[319],"role":[322],"adjunctive":[324],"corticosteroid":[325],"properly":[330],"studied.":[331],"Research":[332],"going":[334],"on":[335],"worldwide":[336],"attempt":[339],"provide":[341],"effective":[344],"vaccine":[345],"than":[346],"bacille":[347],"Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin.":[348],"This":[349],"review":[350],"highlights":[351],"manifestation":[356],"challenges,":[360],"recent":[361],"advances,":[362],"needs,":[363],"opportunities":[365],"related":[366],"diagnostics":[369]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
