{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1986001677","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00036849300000005","title":"Explaining interest spreads on sovereign Eurodollar loans: LDCs versus DCs, 1978\u201384","display_name":"Explaining interest spreads on sovereign Eurodollar loans: LDCs versus DCs, 1978\u201384","publication_year":1993,"publication_date":"1993-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1986001677","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00036849300000005","mag":"1986001677"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/00036849300000005","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00036849300000005","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00036849300000005","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S201533460","display_name":"Applied Economics","issn_l":"0003-6846","issn":["0003-6846","1466-4283"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-3","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Economics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079787545","display_name":"Duane W. Rockerbie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7898-9099","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7898-9099"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107949126","display_name":"University of Lethbridge","ror":"https://ror.org/044j76961","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107949126"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Duane W. Rockerbie","raw_affiliation_strings":["a   Department of Economics , University of Lethbridge , 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge,  Alberta ,  TIK 3M4 ,  canada","Department of Economics , University of Lethbridge , 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, Alberta , TIK 3M4 , canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"a   Department of Economics , University of Lethbridge , 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge,  Alberta ,  TIK 3M4 ,  canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107949126"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economics , University of Lethbridge , 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, Alberta , TIK 3M4 , canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107949126"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5079787545"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107949126"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8235,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78221101,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"5","first_page":"609","last_page":"616"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10503","display_name":"Global Financial Crisis and Policies","score":0.625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10503","display_name":"Global Financial Crisis and Policies","score":0.625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11496","display_name":"Credit Risk and Financial Regulations","score":0.3589000105857849,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10127","display_name":"Banking stability, regulation, efficiency","score":0.00419999985024333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interest-rate-spreads","display_name":"interest rate spreads","score":0.7210000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sovereign-default-risk","display_name":"sovereign default risk","score":0.5899999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/developing-countries","display_name":"developing countries","score":0.6019999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/developed-countries","display_name":"developed countries","score":0.9620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terms-of-trade","display_name":"terms of trade","score":0.7820000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sovereign-borrowing-costs","display_name":"sovereign borrowing costs","score":0.40299999713897705}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153364924","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207351","display_name":"Libor","level":3,"score":0.7613012790679932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.6922699213027954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778108091","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1374984","display_name":"Eurodollar","level":3,"score":0.6696872115135193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C556758197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q580018","display_name":"Monetary economics","level":1,"score":0.6060295104980469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777764128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189539","display_name":"Loan","level":2,"score":0.4837205708026886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27548731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88272","display_name":"Investment (military)","level":3,"score":0.46615704894065857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175025494","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179179","display_name":"Interest rate","level":2,"score":0.46308451890945435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178350159","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162714","display_name":"Credit risk","level":2,"score":0.43725061416625977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73283319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1416617","display_name":"Financial system","level":1,"score":0.40777507424354553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18547055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47417","display_name":"International economics","level":1,"score":0.3439421057701111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.2227131724357605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/00036849300000005","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00036849300000005","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00036849300000005","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S201533460","display_name":"Applied Economics","issn_l":"0003-6846","issn":["0003-6846","1466-4283"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-3","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Economics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W572680733","https://openalex.org/W635456198","https://openalex.org/W1499751826","https://openalex.org/W1514618167","https://openalex.org/W1516348349","https://openalex.org/W1546523058","https://openalex.org/W1968723251","https://openalex.org/W1978020281","https://openalex.org/W1983085726","https://openalex.org/W2013906060","https://openalex.org/W2018612069","https://openalex.org/W2040826293","https://openalex.org/W2058831970","https://openalex.org/W2076912188","https://openalex.org/W2111034925","https://openalex.org/W2263652539","https://openalex.org/W2288596408","https://openalex.org/W2312777714","https://openalex.org/W2580989708","https://openalex.org/W3098147408","https://openalex.org/W3122657672","https://openalex.org/W3124353352","https://openalex.org/W4246986803","https://openalex.org/W4290016560","https://openalex.org/W4308477980","https://openalex.org/W7017487369"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1516348349","https://openalex.org/W2034360546","https://openalex.org/W3121470328","https://openalex.org/W2071399319","https://openalex.org/W1601677899","https://openalex.org/W2199028520","https://openalex.org/W2081692733","https://openalex.org/W7008976065","https://openalex.org/W1833457211","https://openalex.org/W1494713832"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,40,58],"purpose":[1],"of":[2,27,51,68,130],"this":[3],"paper":[4],"was":[5,105],"to":[6,24,64,76,79],"estimate":[7],"equations":[8],"relating":[9],"spreads":[10,62,74,100],"above":[11],"the":[12,44,97,128,132,135,139],"London":[13],"Interbank":[14],"Offer":[15],"Rate":[16],"(LIBOR)":[17],"charged":[18,63,75],"on":[19,43],"sovereign-guaranteed":[20],"private":[21],"Eurodollar":[22],"loans":[23],"various":[25],"indicators":[26,69],"default":[28,71],"risk":[29,85,119],"for":[30,127],"both":[31,88],"lesser":[32,81],"developed":[33,37,56],"countries":[34,38],"(LDCs)":[35],"and":[36,54,90,123,138],"(DCs).":[39],"Study":[41],"focused":[42],"period":[45],"1978\u201384":[46],"using":[47],"sample":[48],"loan":[49],"data":[50],"27.":[52],"LDCs":[53,65,89,122],"14":[55],"countries.":[57],"results":[59],"suggest":[60],"that":[61],"are":[66,78],"functions":[67],"reflecting":[70,110],"risk,":[72],"while":[73],"DCs":[77,124],"a":[80,92],"extent.":[82],"Holding":[83],"defult":[84],"constant":[86],"across":[87],"DCs,":[91],"statistically":[93],"significant":[94],"gap":[95,104],"in":[96,118],"average":[98],"interest":[99],"favours":[101],"DCs.":[102],"This":[103],"subsequently":[106],"explained":[107],"by":[108],"variables":[109],"investment":[111],"return":[112],"from":[113],"borrowed":[114],"capital.":[115],"Significant":[116],"differences":[117],"coefficients":[120],"between":[121],"still":[125],"persisted":[126],"terms":[129],"trade,":[131],"debt-service\u2013exports":[133],"ratio,":[134],"investment\u2013GNP":[136],"ratio":[137],"debt\u2013GNP":[140],"ratio.":[141]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
