{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1985759954","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0974-9233.53864","title":"Prevalence of uncorrected refractive error and other eye problems among urban and rural school children","display_name":"Prevalence of uncorrected refractive error and other eye problems among urban and rural school children","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1985759954","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0974-9233.53864","mag":"1985759954","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20142964","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2813593"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4103/0974-9233.53864","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0974-9233.53864","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0974-9233.53864","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S65045848","display_name":"Middle East African Journal of Ophthalmology","issn_l":"0974-9233","issn":["0974-9233","0975-1599"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doyens","jufo-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320448","host_organization_name":"Medknow","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320448","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Medknow","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Middle East African Journal of Ophthalmology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2813593","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005435173","display_name":"Rajiv B. Khandekar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3925-1005","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3925-1005"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rajiv Khandekar","raw_affiliation_strings":["British Columbia Center for Epidemiologic & International Ophthalmology, University of British Columbia, Canada","British Columbia Center for Epidemiologic and International Ophthalmology, University of British Columbia, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"British Columbia Center for Epidemiologic & International Ophthalmology, University of British Columbia, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"British Columbia Center for Epidemiologic and International Ophthalmology, University of British Columbia, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"AmrutaS Padhye","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096124","display_name":"PBMA's H.V. Desai Eye Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00shmxd32","country_code":"IN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096124"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"AmrutaS Padhye","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Community Ophthalmology, HV Desai Eye Hospital, Pune, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Community Ophthalmology, HV Desai Eye Hospital, Pune, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096124"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077560596","display_name":"Sheetal Dharmadhikari","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096124","display_name":"PBMA's H.V. Desai Eye Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00shmxd32","country_code":"IN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096124"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sheetal Dharmadhikari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Community Ophthalmology, HV Desai Eye Hospital, Pune, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Community Ophthalmology, HV Desai Eye Hospital, Pune, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096124"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111769109","display_name":"Kuldeep S Dole","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096124","display_name":"PBMA's H.V. Desai Eye Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00shmxd32","country_code":"IN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096124"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kuldeep Dole","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Community Ophthalmology, HV Desai Eye Hospital, Pune, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Community Ophthalmology, HV Desai Eye Hospital, Pune, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096124"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082100008","display_name":"Parikshit Madhav Gogate","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7008-5463","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7008-5463"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096124","display_name":"PBMA's H.V. Desai Eye Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00shmxd32","country_code":"IN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096124"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Parikshit Gogate","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Community Ophthalmology, HV Desai Eye Hospital, Pune, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Community Ophthalmology, HV Desai Eye Hospital, Pune, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096124"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074677309","display_name":"Madan Deshpande","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2833-5764","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2833-5764"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096124","display_name":"PBMA's H.V. Desai Eye Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00shmxd32","country_code":"IN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096124"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Madan Deshpande","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Community Ophthalmology, HV Desai Eye Hospital, Pune, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Community Ophthalmology, HV Desai Eye Hospital, Pune, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096124"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5005435173"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.826,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":167,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92078452,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"2","first_page":"69","last_page":"69"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10381","display_name":"Ophthalmology and Visual Impairment Studies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10381","display_name":"Ophthalmology and Visual Impairment Studies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12006","display_name":"Ergonomics and Musculoskeletal Disorders","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3307","display_name":"Human Factors and Ergonomics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12989","display_name":"Ocular Disorders and Treatments","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uncorrected-refractive-error","display_name":"uncorrected refractive error","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/myopia","display_name":"myopia","score":0.8659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperopia","display_name":"hyperopia","score":0.9100000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/astigmatism","display_name":"astigmatism","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amblyopia","display_name":"amblyopia","score":0.9160000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/strabismus","display_name":"strabismus","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/school-vision-screening","display_name":"school vision screening","score":0.6980000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-rural-comparison","display_name":"urban-rural comparison","score":0.8420000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prevalence","display_name":"prevalence","score":0.5210000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-factors","display_name":"risk factors","score":0.5849999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-impairment","display_name":"visual impairment","score":0.574999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maharashtra","display_name":"Maharashtra","score":0.6029999852180481}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7871376276016235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781135284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q470427","display_name":"Refractive error","level":3,"score":0.6825048923492432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119767625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q618211","display_name":"Optometry","level":1,"score":0.5634978413581848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118487528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161437","display_name":"Ophthalmology","level":1,"score":0.23600944876670837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776148792","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3041498","display_name":"Eye disease","level":2,"score":0.10815873742103577}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4103/0974-9233.53864","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0974-9233.53864","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0974-9233.53864","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S65045848","display_name":"Middle East African Journal of Ophthalmology","issn_l":"0974-9233","issn":["0974-9233","0975-1599"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doyens","jufo-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320448","host_organization_name":"Medknow","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320448","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Medknow","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Middle East African Journal of Ophthalmology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2813593","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2813593","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:20142964","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20142964","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Middle East African journal of ophthalmology","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2813593","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2813593","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.98580002784729,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W67847181","https://openalex.org/W173258249","https://openalex.org/W1494644789","https://openalex.org/W1513364771","https://openalex.org/W1538345290","https://openalex.org/W1547566977","https://openalex.org/W1972511088","https://openalex.org/W2021571844","https://openalex.org/W2036584756","https://openalex.org/W2051610714","https://openalex.org/W2077546401","https://openalex.org/W2109753867","https://openalex.org/W2127293590","https://openalex.org/W2148039314","https://openalex.org/W2400470028","https://openalex.org/W2411479371"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2588716413","https://openalex.org/W2129347257","https://openalex.org/W1984289223","https://openalex.org/W1547566977","https://openalex.org/W2800323269","https://openalex.org/W3189842254","https://openalex.org/W4235926781","https://openalex.org/W1494644789","https://openalex.org/W4297238122","https://openalex.org/W6911785647"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Uncorrected":[1],"refractive":[2,20,29,94,139,223,239],"error":[3,30,140,240],"is":[4,253],"an":[5],"avoidable":[6],"cause":[7],"of":[8,18,28,33,53,92,113,123,130,137,159,178,191,221,233,250],"visual":[9,65,75],"impairment.":[10],"AIM:":[11],"To":[12],"compare":[13,105],"the":[14,106,176,256],"magnitude":[15],"and":[16,31,43,68,77,98,108,115,127,143,151,162,170,181,186,197,236,246,264],"determinants":[17],"uncorrected":[19,93,138,216,222],"error,":[21,95,224],"such":[22],"as":[23],"age,":[24],"sex,":[25],"family":[26],"history":[27],"use":[32],"spectacles":[34],"among":[35,111],"school":[36,251,266],"children":[37,112,122,129,145,166,207,252],"6-15":[38],"years":[39,205],"old":[40,206],"in":[41,58,70,83,141,164,195,199,229],"urban":[42,84,116,125,142,165,196,209,230,263],"rural":[44,71,114,132,144,174,200,265],"Maharashtra,":[45],"India.":[46],"STUDY":[47],"DESIGN:":[48],"This":[49],"was":[50,102,146,167,183,193,227],"a":[51],"review":[52],"school-based":[54],"vision":[55],"screening":[56,249],"conducted":[57],"2004-2005.":[59],"MATERIALS":[60],"AND":[61],"METHODS:":[62],"Optometrists":[63],"assessed":[64,74],"acuity,":[66],"amblyopia":[67,192],"strabismus":[69,97],"children.":[72,201,231,267],"Teachers":[73],"acuity":[76],"then":[78],"optometrists":[79],"confirmed":[80],"their":[81],"findings":[82],"schools.":[85],"Ophthalmologists":[86],"screened":[87],"for":[88,262],"ocular":[89],"pathology.":[90],"Data":[91],"amblyopia,":[96],"blinding":[99],"eye":[100],"diseases":[101],"analyzed":[103],"to":[104,203,214,238],"prevalence":[107,136,158,177,190,220,235],"risk":[109],"factors":[110],"areas.":[117],"RESULTS:":[118],"We":[119],"examined":[120],"5,021":[121],"8":[124],"clusters":[126],"7,401":[128],"28":[131],"clusters.":[133],"The":[134,157,189,219],"cluster-weighted":[135],"5.46%":[147],"(95%":[148,153],"CI,":[149,154],"5.44-5.48)":[150],"2.63%":[152],"2.62-2.64),":[155],"respectively.":[156,172,188],"myopia,":[160,179,226],"hypermetropia":[161,180],"astigmatism":[163,182],"3.16%,":[168],"1.06%":[169],"0.16%,":[171],"In":[173],"children,":[175],"1.45%,":[184],"0.39%":[185],"0.21%,":[187],"0.8%":[194],"0.2%":[198],"Thirteen":[202],"15":[204],"attending":[208],"schools":[210],"were":[211],"most":[212],"likely":[213],"have":[215],"myopia.":[217],"CONCLUSION:":[218],"especially":[225],"higher":[228,234],"Causes":[232],"barriers":[237],"correction":[241],"services":[242],"should":[243],"be":[244,260],"identified":[245],"addressed.":[247],"Eye":[248],"recommended.":[254],"However,":[255],"approach":[257],"used":[258],"may":[259],"different":[261]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}