{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1985696293","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1039/c4ra05811a","title":"Reticulated three-dimensional network ablative composites for heat shields in thermal protection systems","display_name":"Reticulated three-dimensional network ablative composites for heat shields in thermal protection systems","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-08-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1985696293","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1039/c4ra05811a","mag":"1985696293"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1039/c4ra05811a","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1039/c4ra05811a","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1039/c4ra05811a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2481244646","display_name":"RSC Advances","issn_l":"2046-2069","issn":["2046-2069"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320556","host_organization_name":"Royal Society of Chemistry","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320556"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Royal Society of Chemistry"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"RSC Adv.","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089353775","display_name":"Yutika Badhe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0026-7912","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0026-7912"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I156406944","display_name":"Defence Institute of Advanced Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05qpbfx18","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I156406944"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210150591","display_name":"Ministry of Defence","ror":"https://ror.org/03wejsv15","country_code":"IN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799351866","https://openalex.org/I4210150591"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yutika Badhe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Materials Engineering, DIAT (DU), Ministry of Defence, Girinagar, Pune, Maharashtra, India","Department of Materials Engineering, DIAT (DU), Ministry of Defence, Girinagar,Pune,India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Materials Engineering, DIAT (DU), Ministry of Defence, Girinagar, Pune, Maharashtra, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I156406944","https://openalex.org/I4210150591"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Materials Engineering, DIAT (DU), Ministry of Defence, Girinagar,Pune,India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I156406944","https://openalex.org/I4210150591"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010452127","display_name":"Balasubramanian Kandasubramanian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4257-8807","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4257-8807"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I156406944","display_name":"Defence Institute of Advanced Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05qpbfx18","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I156406944"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210150591","display_name":"Ministry of Defence","ror":"https://ror.org/03wejsv15","country_code":"IN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799351866","https://openalex.org/I4210150591"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Balasubramanian K","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Materials Engineering, DIAT (DU), Ministry of Defence, Girinagar, Pune, Maharashtra, India","Department of Materials Engineering, DIAT (DU), Ministry of Defence, Girinagar,Pune,India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Materials Engineering, DIAT (DU), Ministry of Defence, Girinagar, Pune, Maharashtra, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I156406944","https://openalex.org/I4210150591"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Materials Engineering, DIAT (DU), Ministry of Defence, Girinagar,Pune,India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I156406944","https://openalex.org/I4210150591"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5010452127"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I156406944","https://openalex.org/I4210150591"],"apc_list":{"value":850,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1042},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.0555,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":45,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94151886,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"82","first_page":"43708","last_page":"43719"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11145","display_name":"Epoxy Resin Curing Processes","score":0.3086000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11145","display_name":"Epoxy Resin Curing Processes","score":0.3086000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11360","display_name":"Flame retardant materials and properties","score":0.13650000095367432,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2507","display_name":"Polymers and Plastics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11012","display_name":"Gas Dynamics and Kinetic Theory","score":0.10930000245571136,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2604","display_name":"Applied Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ablative-composites","display_name":"ablative composites","score":0.8289999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heat-shields","display_name":"heat shields","score":0.8859999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal-protection-systems","display_name":"thermal protection systems","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resorcinol-formaldehyde-resin","display_name":"resorcinol-formaldehyde resin","score":0.8939999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/three-dimensional-network","display_name":"three-dimensional network","score":0.5130000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ablation-resistance","display_name":"ablation resistance","score":0.7350000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/char-yield","display_name":"char yield","score":0.5730000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/turbostratic-carbon","display_name":"turbostratic carbon","score":0.9089999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface-roughness","display_name":"surface roughness","score":0.6779999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-balance-model","display_name":"energy balance model","score":0.734000027179718}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779970684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11567121","display_name":"Char","level":3,"score":0.8295121192932129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.8291714191436768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73546260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5086659","display_name":"Charring","level":2,"score":0.7072453498840332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.6702640056610107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171359207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q868477","display_name":"Thermosetting polymer","level":2,"score":0.6512768864631653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776839515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187045","display_name":"Boric acid","level":2,"score":0.5969089269638062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36759035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176848","display_name":"Pyrolysis","level":2,"score":0.5963624119758606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117954924","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q279349","display_name":"Heat shield","level":2,"score":0.5523713231086731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.40775638818740845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.09755390882492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.09156891703605652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1039/c4ra05811a","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1039/c4ra05811a","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1039/c4ra05811a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2481244646","display_name":"RSC Advances","issn_l":"2046-2069","issn":["2046-2069"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320556","host_organization_name":"Royal Society of Chemistry","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320556"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Royal Society of Chemistry"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"RSC Adv.","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":74,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W14796974","https://openalex.org/W102424179","https://openalex.org/W573590977","https://openalex.org/W613702083","https://openalex.org/W621992925","https://openalex.org/W636275296","https://openalex.org/W644575306","https://openalex.org/W648634950","https://openalex.org/W1963497956","https://openalex.org/W1963912570","https://openalex.org/W1964656003","https://openalex.org/W1965904126","https://openalex.org/W1966163825","https://openalex.org/W1971166135","https://openalex.org/W1972545763","https://openalex.org/W1980759657","https://openalex.org/W1981563947","https://openalex.org/W1981911224","https://openalex.org/W1988506763","https://openalex.org/W1988932983","https://openalex.org/W1989747553","https://openalex.org/W1993561659","https://openalex.org/W1995096004","https://openalex.org/W1995253682","https://openalex.org/W1995291699","https://openalex.org/W2005814957","https://openalex.org/W2005837524","https://openalex.org/W2008523238","https://openalex.org/W2011402199","https://openalex.org/W2013391341","https://openalex.org/W2015722157","https://openalex.org/W2016321460","https://openalex.org/W2023554093","https://openalex.org/W2030863111","https://openalex.org/W2041878152","https://openalex.org/W2043068067","https://openalex.org/W2048410291","https://openalex.org/W2048444911","https://openalex.org/W2050452485","https://openalex.org/W2050595709","https://openalex.org/W2050862673","https://openalex.org/W2052482750","https://openalex.org/W2052825533","https://openalex.org/W2058960250","https://openalex.org/W2059924532","https://openalex.org/W2062133095","https://openalex.org/W2063706350","https://openalex.org/W2065094553","https://openalex.org/W2067594200","https://openalex.org/W2071519062","https://openalex.org/W2073051787","https://openalex.org/W2074724871","https://openalex.org/W2076239415","https://openalex.org/W2076988675","https://openalex.org/W2077277130","https://openalex.org/W2077886398","https://openalex.org/W2085011616","https://openalex.org/W2085148843","https://openalex.org/W2090598639","https://openalex.org/W2092880401","https://openalex.org/W2094386799","https://openalex.org/W2109868213","https://openalex.org/W2116338459","https://openalex.org/W2121232422","https://openalex.org/W2123863421","https://openalex.org/W2124525544","https://openalex.org/W2145803697","https://openalex.org/W2156116302","https://openalex.org/W2519948980","https://openalex.org/W2737143101","https://openalex.org/W3140705269","https://openalex.org/W4232305098","https://openalex.org/W4248023779","https://openalex.org/W6732388408"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2520692892","https://openalex.org/W2009412465","https://openalex.org/W1995096004","https://openalex.org/W7165142720","https://openalex.org/W4387435707","https://openalex.org/W4292212665","https://openalex.org/W4394912982","https://openalex.org/W3134873237","https://openalex.org/W4416040389","https://openalex.org/W2887598533"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Successful":[0],"utilization":[1],"of":[2,26,55,104,122,179,198,217,229,237,247,256,285,294,298],"thermosetting":[3],"resins":[4,23],"as":[5],"ablative":[6,38],"materials":[7,307],"for":[8,46,142,160,163,253,277],"heat":[9,39],"shields":[10],"in":[11,24,37,102,152,157,195,201,231,259,280],"thermal":[12,27,80],"protection":[13],"systems":[14],"(TPS)":[15],"has":[16,61,243],"newer":[17],"contemporary":[18],"materials,":[19,41],"surpassing":[20],"the":[21,93,99,120,153,158,164,180,186,196,202,205,218,232,238,266,278,283,286,292,295,299],"conventional":[22,306],"terms":[25,103],"and":[28,73,79,86,107,112,135,140,155,174,234,271],"physical":[29],"properties.":[30],"The":[31,77,288],"present":[32],"study":[33],"demonstrates":[34],"similar":[35],"progress":[36],"shielding":[40],"putting":[42],"forward":[43],"capable":[44],"replacements":[45],"existing":[47],"phenolic":[48],"system.":[49],"A":[50],"novel":[51],"three-dimensional":[52],"network":[53,297],"composed":[54],"a":[56,244],"dihydric":[57],"resorcinol":[58],"formaldehyde":[59],"(RF)":[60],"been":[62],"synthesized":[63],"successfully":[64],"by":[65,265],"modification":[66,178,293],"with":[67,84,131,192,224,312],"boric":[68,165,199,257],"acid":[69,166,200,258],"via":[70],"an":[71,193],"effortless":[72],"facile":[74],"polymerization":[75],"technique.":[76],"ablation":[78,100,221,310],"properties":[81],"were":[82,222,275],"investigated":[83],"primary":[85],"cheap,":[87],"yet":[88],"effective":[89],"test":[90],"methods":[91],"like":[92],"oxy-acetylene":[94],"flame":[95],"test,":[96],"which":[97,189,249],"explored":[98],"rate":[101],"mass":[105],"loss":[106],"dimensional":[108],"change,":[109],"showing":[110],"40%":[111],"70%":[113],"curtailment":[114],"respectively.":[115],"X-Ray":[116],"diffraction":[117],"studies":[118,149],"confirm":[119],"formation":[121],"insulative,":[123],"turbostratic,":[124],"carbonaceous":[125],"char":[126,236,245],"formed":[127,145],"upon":[128],"resin":[129,300],"pyrolysis":[130],"peaks":[132,159],"at":[133,172,261,282],"24\u00b0":[134],"44\u00b0":[136],"attributing":[137],"to":[138,208,212,251,304],"(002)":[139],"(100)":[141],"turbostratic":[143],"carbon":[144],"during":[146],"pyrolysis.":[147],"FTIR":[148],"reveal":[150],"change":[151],"intensity":[154],"shifts":[156],"pristine":[161],"RF":[162,168,242,260],"modified":[167],"including":[169],"stretch":[170],"vibrations":[171],"1429":[173],"1380":[175],"cm\u22121":[176],"corroborating":[177],"ring.":[181],"Atomic":[182],"Force":[183],"Microscopy":[184],"showed":[185],"surface":[187,284],"roughness":[188],"up":[190],"surged":[191],"increase":[194,213],"concentration":[197],"system,":[203],"making":[204],"composite":[206],"sensitive":[207],"mechanical":[209],"depletion":[210],"due":[211],"reactivity.":[214],"Interesting":[215],"morphologies":[216],"sample":[219],"after":[220],"observed":[223],"FESEM":[225],"exposing":[226],"glassy":[227],"nanospheres":[228],"borate":[230],"periphery":[233],"porous":[235],"depleted":[239],"zone.":[240],"Pristine":[241],"yield":[246],"42%,":[248],"increased":[250],"68%":[252],"50":[254],"wt%":[255],"800":[262],"\u00b0C,":[263],"quantified":[264],"TGA":[267],"studies.":[268],"Mathematical":[269],"models":[270],"energy":[272],"balance":[273],"equations":[274],"idealized":[276],"exchange":[279],"energies":[281],"ablator.":[287],"results":[289],"determined":[290],"that":[291],"3D":[296],"justifies":[301],"its":[302],"competency":[303],"replace":[305],"demonstrating":[308],"augmented":[309],"resistance":[311],"faster":[313],"reaction":[314],"mechanisms.":[315]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-05T07:39:15.569665","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}