{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1985689662","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0264-9381/23/3/l01","title":"Gravitational radiation from dynamical black holes","display_name":"Gravitational radiation from dynamical black holes","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-01-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1985689662","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0264-9381/23/3/l01","mag":"1985689662"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1088/0264-9381/23/3/l01","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0264-9381/23/3/l01","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0264-9381/23/3/l01","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S171172751","display_name":"Classical and Quantum Gravity","issn_l":"0264-9381","issn":["0264-9381","1361-6382"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Classical and Quantum Gravity","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/gr-qc/0505080","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Sean A Hayward","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sean A Hayward","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Gravitational Physics and Geometry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Gravitational Physics and Geometry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"],"apc_list":{"value":3325,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3325},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2003,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87157082,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"3","first_page":"L15","last_page":"L21"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10025","display_name":"Black Holes and Theoretical Physics","score":0.635699987411499,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10025","display_name":"Black Holes and Theoretical Physics","score":0.635699987411499,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10463","display_name":"Pulsars and Gravitational Waves Research","score":0.21699999272823334,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11960","display_name":"Relativity and Gravitational Theory","score":0.07810000330209732,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gravitational-waves","display_name":"gravitational waves","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamical-black-holes","display_name":"dynamical black holes","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law-of-conservation-of-energy","display_name":"energy conservation law","score":0.8220000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trapping-horizons","display_name":"trapping horizons","score":0.8730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/strong-field-regime","display_name":"strong-field regime","score":0.8389999866485596}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.9624999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40745267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q497396","display_name":"Hawking radiation","level":3,"score":0.7949000000953674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22492302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297853","display_name":"Gravitational energy","level":3,"score":0.6690000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50341732","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q880302","display_name":"Black hole (networking)","level":5,"score":0.6151000261306763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190330329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190035","display_name":"Gravitational wave","level":2,"score":0.5081999897956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159176650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43261","display_name":"Horizon","level":2,"score":0.5049999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88367682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2254125","display_name":"Sonic black hole","level":5,"score":0.45190000534057617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.44609999656677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155281189","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3518150","display_name":"Tensor (intrinsic definition)","level":2,"score":0.44190001487731934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188655511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q609501","display_name":"Micro black hole","level":4,"score":0.42750000953674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193943012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q260761","display_name":"Spin-flip","level":3,"score":0.4239000082015991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32602459","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4913879","display_name":"Binary black hole","level":3,"score":0.40459999442100525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17777063","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4780925","display_name":"Apparent horizon","level":4,"score":0.4032999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124017977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11412","display_name":"Gravitation","level":2,"score":0.398499995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148292158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181741","display_name":"Event horizon","level":3,"score":0.3935999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3079626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q234881","display_name":"Quantum electrodynamics","level":1,"score":0.37540000677108765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44870925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547","display_name":"Astrophysics","level":1,"score":0.3725999891757965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105500671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1047034","display_name":"Stellar black hole","level":3,"score":0.36629998683929443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182877743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155939","display_name":"Primordial black hole","level":4,"score":0.33980000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38349280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434290","display_name":"Flow (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3386000096797943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63745668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q911284","display_name":"Black hole thermodynamics","level":3,"score":0.3231000006198883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180547424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q656181","display_name":"Gravitational redshift","level":3,"score":0.322299987077713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118396296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q329273","display_name":"Gravitational collapse","level":2,"score":0.3156999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144951741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131468","display_name":"White hole","level":3,"score":0.30090001225471497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14257148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q558066","display_name":"Gravitational field","level":2,"score":0.29660001397132874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191696108","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q876346","display_name":"Stress\u2013energy tensor","level":3,"score":0.29510000348091125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153385146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18335","display_name":"Radiation","level":2,"score":0.2912999987602234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43135951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1547424","display_name":"Gravitational binding energy","level":4,"score":0.2831000089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147452769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11452","display_name":"General relativity","level":2,"score":0.28110000491142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18609725","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1050633","display_name":"Intermediate-mass black hole","level":4,"score":0.2777000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169272937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3120995","display_name":"Virtual black hole","level":5,"score":0.260699987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206815995","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1341307","display_name":"Energy flow","level":3,"score":0.2529999911785126}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1088/0264-9381/23/3/l01","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0264-9381/23/3/l01","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0264-9381/23/3/l01","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S171172751","display_name":"Classical and Quantum Gravity","issn_l":"0264-9381","issn":["0264-9381","1361-6382"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Classical and Quantum Gravity","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:gr-qc/0505080","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/0505080","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/gr-qc/0505080","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:cds.cern.ch:835751","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://cds.cern.ch/record/835751","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402195","display_name":"CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.gr-qc/0505080","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.gr-qc/0505080","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.gr-qc/0505080","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:gr-qc/0505080","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/0505080","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/gr-qc/0505080","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1985689662.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1985689662.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1567450093","https://openalex.org/W1789645782","https://openalex.org/W1965887097","https://openalex.org/W1973259777","https://openalex.org/W1987428315","https://openalex.org/W1995112015","https://openalex.org/W2007709630","https://openalex.org/W2028342982","https://openalex.org/W2029088960","https://openalex.org/W2030803994","https://openalex.org/W2033517606","https://openalex.org/W2037340790","https://openalex.org/W2037869568","https://openalex.org/W2065552232","https://openalex.org/W2068742530","https://openalex.org/W2075675399","https://openalex.org/W2085977317","https://openalex.org/W2086051335","https://openalex.org/W2088574300","https://openalex.org/W2090670432","https://openalex.org/W2122833107","https://openalex.org/W2280308580"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2037869568","https://openalex.org/W2185773150","https://openalex.org/W3006940368","https://openalex.org/W3134551874","https://openalex.org/W1992183500","https://openalex.org/W2022542802","https://openalex.org/W4246712787","https://openalex.org/W2083373563","https://openalex.org/W1482900328","https://openalex.org/W2794992229"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0],"effective":[1,63],"energy":[2,21,32,64,71],"tensor":[3,65],"for":[4,9],"gravitational":[5,37,80,111],"radiation":[6,112],"is":[7,102],"identified":[8],"uniformly":[10],"expanding":[11],"flows":[12],"of":[13,34,49,61,73,90,98,110],"the":[14,25,31,59,62,70,84,87,114],"Hawking":[15],"mass\u2013energy.":[16],"It":[17],"appears":[18],"in":[19,27,94,113],"an":[20],"conservation":[22],"law":[23],"expressing":[24],"change":[26],"mass":[28],"due":[29],"to":[30,41,86],"densities":[33,72],"matter":[35],"and":[36,75,78,107],"radiation,":[38],"with":[39],"respect":[40],"a":[42,46,52,56,91,95,103,108],"Killing-like":[43],"vector":[44],"encoding":[45],"preferred":[47],"flow":[48,85,106],"time":[50],"outside":[51],"black":[53,92],"hole.":[54],"In":[55],"spin-coefficient":[57],"formulation,":[58],"components":[60],"can":[66],"be":[67],"understood":[68],"as":[69],"ingoing":[74],"outgoing,":[76],"transverse":[77],"longitudinal":[79],"radiation.":[81],"By":[82],"anchoring":[83],"trapping":[88],"horizon":[89],"hole":[93],"given":[96],"sequence":[97],"spatial":[99],"hypersurfaces,":[100],"there":[101],"locally":[104],"unique":[105],"measure":[109],"strong-field":[115],"regime.":[116]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
