{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1985454450","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0773.1992.tb00437.x","title":"Second Derivative of Developed Tension in Classifying Cardiotonics with Respect to Their Mechanisms of Action: Drugs Affecting cAMP Metabolism","display_name":"Second Derivative of Developed Tension in Classifying Cardiotonics with Respect to Their Mechanisms of Action: Drugs Affecting cAMP Metabolism","publication_year":1992,"publication_date":"1992-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1985454450","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0773.1992.tb00437.x","mag":"1985454450","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1324495"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1600-0773.1992.tb00437.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0773.1992.tb00437.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0773.1992.tb00437.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62051601","display_name":"Pharmacology & Toxicology","issn_l":"0901-9928","issn":["0901-9928","1600-0773"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pharmacology & Toxicology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113674480","display_name":"Reijo Takalo","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166825849","display_name":"Tampere University","ror":"https://ror.org/033003e23","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387153886","display_name":"University of Tampere","ror":"https://ror.org/05p6qqk79","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166825849","https://openalex.org/I4387153886"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Reijo Takalo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Tampere, Finland","Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Tampere, Box 607, SF-33101 Tampere, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Tampere, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166825849","https://openalex.org/I4387153886"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Tampere, Box 607, SF-33101 Tampere, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387153886"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064276273","display_name":"Kimmo Malminiemi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387153886","display_name":"University of Tampere","ror":"https://ror.org/05p6qqk79","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166825849","https://openalex.org/I4387153886"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kimmo Malminiemi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Tampere, Box 607, SF-33101 Tampere, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Tampere, Box 607, SF-33101 Tampere, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387153886"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064345924","display_name":"Heikki Wuorela","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387153886","display_name":"University of Tampere","ror":"https://ror.org/05p6qqk79","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166825849","https://openalex.org/I4387153886"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heikki Wuorela","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Tampere, Box 607, SF-33101 Tampere, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Tampere, Box 607, SF-33101 Tampere, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387153886"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040762375","display_name":"Pauli Vuorinen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3305-7356","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3305-7356"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387153886","display_name":"University of Tampere","ror":"https://ror.org/05p6qqk79","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166825849","https://openalex.org/I4387153886"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pauli Vuorinen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Tampere, Box 607, SF-33101 Tampere, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Tampere, Box 607, SF-33101 Tampere, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387153886"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112131039","display_name":"T. Mets\u00e4\u2010Ketel\u00e4","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387153886","display_name":"University of Tampere","ror":"https://ror.org/05p6qqk79","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166825849","https://openalex.org/I4387153886"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Timo Mets\u00e4\u2010Ketel\u00e4","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Tampere, Box 607, SF-33101 Tampere, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Tampere, Box 607, SF-33101 Tampere, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387153886"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0583907,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"70","issue":"2","first_page":"105","last_page":"110"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12434","display_name":"Phosphodiesterase function and regulation","score":0.9599999785423279,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12434","display_name":"Phosphodiesterase function and regulation","score":0.9599999785423279,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10821","display_name":"Cardiovascular Function and Risk Factors","score":0.017000000923871994,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10217","display_name":"Cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmias","score":0.01549999974668026,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/myocardial-contractility","display_name":"cardiac contractility","score":0.765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contraction-relaxation-cycle","display_name":"contraction-relaxation cycle","score":0.8999999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/camp-metabolism","display_name":"cAMP metabolism","score":0.7590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiotonic-drugs","display_name":"cardiotonic drugs","score":0.8600000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/methylxanthines","display_name":"methylxanthines","score":0.8849999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine","display_name":"3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine","score":0.9729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theophylline","display_name":"theophylline","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/caffeine","display_name":"caffeine","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/milrinone","display_name":"milrinone","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/isoproterenol","display_name":"isoproterenol","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forskolin","display_name":"forskolin","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inotropic-effect","display_name":"inotropic effect","score":0.5350000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiac-mechanics","display_name":"cardiac mechanics","score":0.5659999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relaxation-phase","display_name":"relaxation phase","score":0.5889999866485596}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778095195","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q407308","display_name":"Theophylline","level":2,"score":0.914556622505188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155710745","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q575278","display_name":"Inotrope","level":2,"score":0.7556039094924927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776645727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q847399","display_name":"Milrinone","level":3,"score":0.7516663074493408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778500429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60235","display_name":"Caffeine","level":2,"score":0.7390347123146057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39133596","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165683","display_name":"Contractility","level":2,"score":0.6837474703788757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163415756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126473","display_name":"Contraction (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.6606157422065735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.6229215860366821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776090920","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q415550","display_name":"Isoprenaline","level":3,"score":0.6127057671546936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779276759","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q412747","display_name":"Forskolin","level":3,"score":0.5268327593803406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.4852187931537628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.35459065437316895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2770412862300873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.1509457528591156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170493617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467","display_name":"Receptor","level":2,"score":0.08228760957717896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24998067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4114622","display_name":"Stimulation","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000242","descriptor_name":"Cyclic AMP","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002316","descriptor_name":"Cardiotonic Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006339","descriptor_name":"Heart Rate","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009200","descriptor_name":"Myocardial Contraction","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011919","descriptor_name":"Rats, Inbred Strains","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013268","descriptor_name":"Stimulation, Chemical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051381","descriptor_name":"Rats","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D066298","descriptor_name":"In Vitro Techniques","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1600-0773.1992.tb00437.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0773.1992.tb00437.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0773.1992.tb00437.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62051601","display_name":"Pharmacology & Toxicology","issn_l":"0901-9928","issn":["0901-9928","1600-0773"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pharmacology & Toxicology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:1324495","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1324495","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pharmacology & toxicology","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7246000170707703,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W36317527","https://openalex.org/W52923105","https://openalex.org/W91537118","https://openalex.org/W582130549","https://openalex.org/W1523578038","https://openalex.org/W1650374875","https://openalex.org/W1970159829","https://openalex.org/W1987430552","https://openalex.org/W1999077415","https://openalex.org/W2009291798","https://openalex.org/W2020872553","https://openalex.org/W2025165205","https://openalex.org/W2033392308","https://openalex.org/W2057062767","https://openalex.org/W2073152491","https://openalex.org/W2076723747","https://openalex.org/W2085214862","https://openalex.org/W2089024464","https://openalex.org/W2265383829","https://openalex.org/W2288346129","https://openalex.org/W2311391836","https://openalex.org/W2337723271","https://openalex.org/W2413109599","https://openalex.org/W2421914751"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2134274931","https://openalex.org/W2004654479","https://openalex.org/W2032126443","https://openalex.org/W2075291319","https://openalex.org/W2039083345","https://openalex.org/W1982655229","https://openalex.org/W2089024464","https://openalex.org/W2406267456","https://openalex.org/W101435316","https://openalex.org/W1969334390"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,84,155,235],"second":[1],"derivative":[2],"of":[3,17,48,55,60,63,86,104,122,133,136,157,163,176,189,204,209,213,220,233],"developed":[4],"tension":[5],"(T\",":[6],"d2T/dt2)":[7],"has":[8,22],"not":[9,229],"come":[10],"into":[11],"common":[12,181],"use":[13,43],"in":[14,45,77,165,199,239],"the":[15,30,36,46,52,61,64,91,120,131,172,187,202,210,216,224,231],"analysis":[16,47],"cardiac":[18,246],"contractility,":[19],"although":[20],"it":[21],"been":[23],"shown":[24],"to":[25,42,119,161,170,182],"give":[26],"additional":[27],"information":[28],"on":[29,90,242,245],"myocardial":[31,49],"contraction-relaxation":[32],"cycle":[33],"(CRC).":[34],"In":[35],"present":[37],"study":[38],"a":[39,143,179],"new":[40],"way":[41],"T\"":[44,62,177,214],"mechanics,":[50],"including":[51],"time":[53,132],"course":[54],"T\",":[56],"is":[57],"described.":[58],"Profiles":[59],"some":[65],"drugs":[66],"with":[67,96,117],"established":[68],"cardiotonic":[69],"effects":[70,85,103,156,203,244],"are":[71],"presented.":[72],"Experiments":[73],"were":[74,94,113,124,128,159],"carried":[75],"out":[76],"spontaneously":[78],"beating":[79],"whole":[80],"rat":[81],"atria":[82],"preparations.":[83],"changing":[87],"contraction":[88,123],"frequency":[89],"measured":[92],"parameters":[93],"studied":[95],"electrically":[97],"paced":[98],"left":[99],"atria.":[100],"Qualitative":[101],"inotropic":[102,150],"1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine":[105],"(MIX),":[106],"theophylline,":[107],"caffeine,":[108],"milrinone,":[109],"isoprenaline":[110,205],"and":[111,193,206],"forskolin":[112],"studied.":[114],"Concentrations":[115],"equieffective":[116],"respect":[118],"force":[121,135],"tested.":[125],"Inotropic":[126],"profiles":[127],"evaluated":[129],"at":[130],"maximal":[134],"contraction.":[137],"We":[138],"found":[139],"that":[140],"methylxanthines":[141],"have":[142,195],"mechanical":[144],"behaviour":[145],"quite":[146],"distinct":[147],"from":[148],"other":[149],"agents":[151],"acting":[152],"via":[153],"cAMP.":[154],"MIX":[158,192],"similar":[160],"those":[162],"theophylline":[164,194],"all":[166],"respects.":[167],"A":[168],"tendency":[169],"increase":[171],"active":[173],"relaxation":[174,211],"phase":[175,212],"was":[178,215,223],"property":[180],"methylxanthines.":[183],"Caffeine":[184,222],"also":[185],"prolonged":[186],"phases":[188],"contraction,":[190],"whereas":[191],"opposite":[196],"effects.":[197],"Milrinone":[198],"turn":[200],"mimics":[201],"forskolin;":[207],"abbreviation":[208],"feature":[217],"most":[218],"typical":[219],"them.":[221],"only":[225],"agent":[226],"which":[227],"did":[228],"shorten":[230],"duration":[232],"CRC.":[234],"method":[236],"proved":[237],"valuable":[238],"basic":[240],"research":[241],"drug":[243],"contractility.":[247]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}