{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1985432778","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0098-3004(92)90067-2","title":"Design models and functionality in GIS","display_name":"Design models and functionality in GIS","publication_year":1992,"publication_date":"1992-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1985432778","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0098-3004(92)90067-2","mag":"1985432778"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0098-3004(92)90067-2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0098-3004(92)90067-2","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0098-3004(92)90067-2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61699894","display_name":"Computers & Geosciences","issn_l":"0098-3004","issn":["0098-3004","1873-7803"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers & Geosciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108554471","display_name":"Jonathan F. Raper","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I124357947","display_name":"University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/04cw6st05","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98259816","display_name":"Birkbeck, University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/02mb95055","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I98259816"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonathan F. Raper","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography, Birkbeck College, University of London, 7-15 Gresse Street, London W1P 1PA UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography, Birkbeck College, University of London, 7-15 Gresse Street, London W1P 1PA UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I98259816"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109950483","display_name":"David Maguire","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153648349","display_name":"University of Leicester","ror":"https://ror.org/04h699437","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153648349"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David J. Maguire","raw_affiliation_strings":["Midlands Regional Research Laboratory and Department of Geography, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, England"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Midlands Regional Research Laboratory and Department of Geography, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, England","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153648349"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":4010,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4010},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.604,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":43,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96807298,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"4","first_page":"387","last_page":"394"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10757","display_name":"Geographic Information Systems Studies","score":0.8057000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3305","display_name":"Geography, Planning and Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10757","display_name":"Geographic Information Systems Studies","score":0.8057000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3305","display_name":"Geography, Planning and Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12698","display_name":"3D Modeling in Geospatial Applications","score":0.12370000034570694,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11734","display_name":"Decision Support System Applications","score":0.02410000003874302,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geographic-information-systems","display_name":"geographic information systems","score":0.8420000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gis-system-design","display_name":"GIS system design","score":0.8270000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conceptual-data-modeling","display_name":"conceptual data modeling","score":0.8379999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-representation","display_name":"spatial representation","score":0.8299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"topology","score":0.7739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database-architecture","display_name":"database architecture","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-data-structures","display_name":"spatial data structures","score":0.777999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database-management-systems","display_name":"database management systems","score":0.9789999723434448}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7468076944351196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148162668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483130","display_name":"AM/FM/GIS","level":4,"score":0.6957677602767944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41856607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483130","display_name":"Geographic information system","level":2,"score":0.678712010383606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137801643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5283119","display_name":"Distributed GIS","level":5,"score":0.6265038251876831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56321713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483130","display_name":"GIS applications","level":3,"score":0.5535611510276794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59994114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1485661","display_name":"GIS file format","level":5,"score":0.5227777361869812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.5096547603607178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180198813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121182","display_name":"Information system","level":2,"score":0.4874880313873291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.4752105176448822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4735250473022461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190694206","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3276654","display_name":"Polygon (computer graphics)","level":3,"score":0.45680636167526245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116409475","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1385056","display_name":"External Data Representation","level":2,"score":0.4235437214374542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100463513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5227322","display_name":"Data model (GIS)","level":2,"score":0.42119815945625305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781140086","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q557945","display_name":"Confusion","level":2,"score":0.41483473777770996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.1127605140209198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.10853385925292969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.10005363821983337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09146037697792053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126042441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324888","display_name":"Frame (networking)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11171543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41630","display_name":"Psychoanalysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/0098-3004(92)90067-2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0098-3004(92)90067-2","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0098-3004(92)90067-2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61699894","display_name":"Computers & Geosciences","issn_l":"0098-3004","issn":["0098-3004","1873-7803"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers & Geosciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk:93219","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/93219/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400384","display_name":"UEA Digital Repository (University of East Anglia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1118541","host_organization_name":"University of East Anglia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1118541"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1491528139","https://openalex.org/W1977234235","https://openalex.org/W1979003438","https://openalex.org/W2006010622","https://openalex.org/W2011048646","https://openalex.org/W2031168383","https://openalex.org/W2041783562","https://openalex.org/W2045448358","https://openalex.org/W2050576295","https://openalex.org/W2054711117","https://openalex.org/W2095045329","https://openalex.org/W2128288949","https://openalex.org/W2133083180","https://openalex.org/W2168502142","https://openalex.org/W2323580496","https://openalex.org/W2389479933","https://openalex.org/W2892423484","https://openalex.org/W3120783515"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2360335266","https://openalex.org/W2031168383","https://openalex.org/W2160312888","https://openalex.org/W1848710968","https://openalex.org/W1633070133","https://openalex.org/W6996515945","https://openalex.org/W2104490950","https://openalex.org/W625871756","https://openalex.org/W2011986184","https://openalex.org/W2953510960"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-02T09:45:03.842371","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}