{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1985408438","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03601277.2013.845490","title":"Perceived Age, Gender, and Racial/Ethnic Discrimination in Europe: Results from the European Social Survey","display_name":"Perceived Age, Gender, and Racial/Ethnic Discrimination in Europe: Results from the European Social Survey","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-10-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1985408438","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03601277.2013.845490","mag":"1985408438"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/03601277.2013.845490","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03601277.2013.845490","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03601277.2013.845490","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S128457257","display_name":"Educational Gerontology","issn_l":"0360-1277","issn":["0360-1277","1521-0472"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Educational Gerontology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067336405","display_name":"Liat Ayalon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3339-7879","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3339-7879"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13955877","display_name":"Bar-Ilan University","ror":"https://ror.org/03kgsv495","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13955877"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Liat Ayalon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Louis and Gabi Weisfeld School of Social Work, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel","Louis and Gabi Weisfeld School of Social Work, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Louis and Gabi Weisfeld School of Social Work, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13955877"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Louis and Gabi Weisfeld School of Social Work, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13955877"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5067336405"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13955877"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.2277,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":107,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96291019,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"40","issue":"7","first_page":"499","last_page":"517"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10652","display_name":"Racial and Ethnic Identity Research","score":0.4580000042915344,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10652","display_name":"Racial and Ethnic Identity Research","score":0.4580000042915344,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10314","display_name":"Social and Intergroup Psychology","score":0.1339000016450882,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13170","display_name":"Discrimination and Equality Law","score":0.1315000057220459,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perceived-discrimination","display_name":"perceived discrimination","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/age-discrimination","display_name":"age discrimination","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-discrimination","display_name":"gender discrimination","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethnic-discrimination","display_name":"ethnic discrimination","score":0.871999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racial-discrimination","display_name":"racial discrimination","score":0.7110000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cross-national-variation","display_name":"cross-national variation","score":0.6919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/europe","display_name":"Europe","score":0.3330000042915344}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117347162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376959","display_name":"European Social Survey","level":3,"score":0.715752363204956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137403100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41710","display_name":"Ethnic group","level":2,"score":0.6836713552474976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150966472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3410145","display_name":"Psychosocial","level":2,"score":0.6779701709747314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.5659735202789307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53059260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q374758","display_name":"Multilevel model","level":2,"score":0.5183109045028687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4915059506893158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910181401","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169207","display_name":"Ethnic discrimination","level":3,"score":0.4239638149738312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.16409391164779663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.1312752068042755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/03601277.2013.845490","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03601277.2013.845490","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03601277.2013.845490","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S128457257","display_name":"Educational Gerontology","issn_l":"0360-1277","issn":["0360-1277","1521-0472"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Educational Gerontology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9629999995231628,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":87,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W136985154","https://openalex.org/W272878305","https://openalex.org/W600888349","https://openalex.org/W1562126104","https://openalex.org/W1854781147","https://openalex.org/W1882291503","https://openalex.org/W1920782445","https://openalex.org/W1967487621","https://openalex.org/W1968802039","https://openalex.org/W1973914339","https://openalex.org/W1975404309","https://openalex.org/W1977593169","https://openalex.org/W1980314781","https://openalex.org/W1980827026","https://openalex.org/W1981586778","https://openalex.org/W1982522334","https://openalex.org/W1984954673","https://openalex.org/W1984981086","https://openalex.org/W1986431249","https://openalex.org/W1987737300","https://openalex.org/W1989231231","https://openalex.org/W1989460680","https://openalex.org/W1995297331","https://openalex.org/W1998179673","https://openalex.org/W2004903985","https://openalex.org/W2008201718","https://openalex.org/W2014675394","https://openalex.org/W2014842118","https://openalex.org/W2020260852","https://openalex.org/W2023622036","https://openalex.org/W2032445758","https://openalex.org/W2035669575","https://openalex.org/W2040018472","https://openalex.org/W2042014096","https://openalex.org/W2043731207","https://openalex.org/W2050976204","https://openalex.org/W2066338814","https://openalex.org/W2066683678","https://openalex.org/W2070344560","https://openalex.org/W2074897111","https://openalex.org/W2075120551","https://openalex.org/W2080227672","https://openalex.org/W2080946528","https://openalex.org/W2093380006","https://openalex.org/W2099406162","https://openalex.org/W2101735548","https://openalex.org/W2102708845","https://openalex.org/W2105399682","https://openalex.org/W2109374947","https://openalex.org/W2109751585","https://openalex.org/W2112962299","https://openalex.org/W2114676593","https://openalex.org/W2115799398","https://openalex.org/W2118271482","https://openalex.org/W2118744092","https://openalex.org/W2119068075","https://openalex.org/W2119171603","https://openalex.org/W2123925925","https://openalex.org/W2125260296","https://openalex.org/W2128286068","https://openalex.org/W2130094784","https://openalex.org/W2135807930","https://openalex.org/W2139340376","https://openalex.org/W2146224779","https://openalex.org/W2148914896","https://openalex.org/W2153907508","https://openalex.org/W2154597847","https://openalex.org/W2156017665","https://openalex.org/W2156527932","https://openalex.org/W2162994086","https://openalex.org/W2163573801","https://openalex.org/W2164131684","https://openalex.org/W2166479043","https://openalex.org/W2167632036","https://openalex.org/W2169666896","https://openalex.org/W2224542090","https://openalex.org/W2332308046","https://openalex.org/W2338833045","https://openalex.org/W2598483176","https://openalex.org/W2603124746","https://openalex.org/W2783344140","https://openalex.org/W3031864057","https://openalex.org/W4230902751","https://openalex.org/W4235442909","https://openalex.org/W4247583214","https://openalex.org/W4253724761","https://openalex.org/W4297915009"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7005082499","https://openalex.org/W7097966398","https://openalex.org/W2765951513","https://openalex.org/W2343244570","https://openalex.org/W1135786612","https://openalex.org/W4308867890","https://openalex.org/W2075120551","https://openalex.org/W2486022528","https://openalex.org/W2085920267","https://openalex.org/W4402845376"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,112],"present":[1],"study":[2],"evaluated":[3],"the":[4,19,29,33],"relationship":[5],"between":[6,121],"individual":[7,110],"characteristics":[8,15],"(ascribed,":[9],"achieved,":[10],"and":[11,13,22,89,123],"psychosocial)":[12],"country":[14,20],"(e.g.,":[16],"discrimination":[17,65,91,105],"at":[18],"level)":[21],"perceived":[23,63,104,122],"discrimination.":[24,125],"Analysis":[25],"was":[26,47,53],"based":[27],"on":[28],"fourth":[30],"round":[31],"of":[32,62,118],"European":[34],"Social":[35],"Survey,":[36],"which":[37],"encompasses":[38],"54,988":[39],"respondents":[40],"from":[41],"28":[42],"countries.":[43],"Hierarchical":[44],"linear":[45],"modeling":[46],"conducted.":[48],"In":[49],"most":[50],"countries,":[51],"there":[52],"a":[54,58,119],"general":[55],"trend":[56],"towards":[57],"higher":[59],"prevalence":[60,67,80,93],"rate":[61,68,81,94],"age":[64],"(mean":[66,79,92],"across":[69,82,95],"countries":[70,83,96],"=":[71,74,84,87,97,100],"34.5%;":[72],"SE":[73,86,99],".002),":[75,88],"followed":[76],"by":[77],"gender":[78],"24.9%;":[85],"ethnic":[90],"17.3%;":[98],".002).":[101],"Variations":[102],"in":[103,116],"were":[106],"largely":[107],"attributed":[108],"to":[109],"differences.":[111],"findings":[113],"are":[114],"discussed":[115],"light":[117],"distinction":[120],"actual":[124]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-19T09:35:57.686232","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}