{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1985355304","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003439","title":"An Acidic Microenvironment Increases NK Cell Killing of Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii by Enhancing Perforin Degranulation","display_name":"An Acidic Microenvironment Increases NK Cell Killing of Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii by Enhancing Perforin Degranulation","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-07-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1985355304","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003439","mag":"1985355304","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23853583","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3708852"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1003439","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003439","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003439","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1003439&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2004986","display_name":"PLoS Pathogens","issn_l":"1553-7366","issn":["1553-7366","1553-7374"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLoS Pathogens","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1003439&type=printable","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061822009","display_name":"Anowara Islam","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168635309","display_name":"University of Calgary","ror":"https://ror.org/03yjb2x39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anowara Islam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062397923","display_name":"Shu Shun Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8725-4614","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8725-4614"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168635309","display_name":"University of Calgary","ror":"https://ror.org/03yjb2x39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shu Shun Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073738914","display_name":"Paul Oykhman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168635309","display_name":"University of Calgary","ror":"https://ror.org/03yjb2x39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul Oykhman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011875377","display_name":"Martina Timm-McCann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4658-3833","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4658-3833"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168635309","display_name":"University of Calgary","ror":"https://ror.org/03yjb2x39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martina Timm-McCann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077175237","display_name":"Shaunna M. Huston","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7836-9882","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7836-9882"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168635309","display_name":"University of Calgary","ror":"https://ror.org/03yjb2x39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaunna M. Huston","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065335715","display_name":"Danuta Stack","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168635309","display_name":"University of Calgary","ror":"https://ror.org/03yjb2x39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Danuta Stack","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067780430","display_name":"Richard F. Xiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9354-3498","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9354-3498"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168635309","display_name":"University of Calgary","ror":"https://ror.org/03yjb2x39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard F. Xiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049410387","display_name":"Margaret Mary Kelly","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2174-0078","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2174-0078"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168635309","display_name":"University of Calgary","ror":"https://ror.org/03yjb2x39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Margaret M. Kelly","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090799386","display_name":"Christopher H. Mody","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7264-3679","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7264-3679"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168635309","display_name":"University of Calgary","ror":"https://ror.org/03yjb2x39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Christopher H. Mody","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Internal Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada","Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5090799386"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"],"apc_list":{"value":3043,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3043},"apc_paid":{"value":3043,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3043},"fwci":2.1626,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":43,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86053143,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"7","first_page":"e1003439","last_page":"e1003439"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11037","display_name":"Fungal Infections and Studies","score":0.8637999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11037","display_name":"Fungal Infections and Studies","score":0.8637999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11020","display_name":"Immune Cell Function and Interaction","score":0.1273999959230423,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10150","display_name":"Antifungal resistance and susceptibility","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-killer-cells","display_name":"natural killer cells","score":0.8429999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptococcus-neoformans","display_name":"Cryptococcus neoformans","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptococcus-gattii","display_name":"Cryptococcus gattii","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptococcoma","display_name":"cryptococcoma","score":0.8100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acidic-microenvironment","display_name":"acidic microenvironment","score":0.8069999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/erk1-2-phosphorylation","display_name":"ERK1/2 phosphorylation","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nk-cell-cytotoxicity","display_name":"NK cell cytotoxicity","score":0.6700000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/host-defense","display_name":"host defense","score":0.4390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encapsulated-yeast","display_name":"encapsulated yeast","score":0.6600000262260437}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779286289","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q149791","display_name":"Cryptococcus gattii","level":3,"score":0.8857336044311523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777893358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131924","display_name":"Cryptococcus neoformans","level":2,"score":0.8800492286682129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49802076","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5251810","display_name":"Degranulation","level":3,"score":0.8719003200531006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776062744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21103279","display_name":"Perforin","level":4,"score":0.7050808668136597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.6182336211204529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778952914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309498","display_name":"Cryptococcus","level":2,"score":0.6138082146644592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89423630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193","display_name":"Microbiology","level":1,"score":0.5782874822616577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779413141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1470140","display_name":"Cryptococcosis","level":2,"score":0.5071315765380859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8891405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune system","level":2,"score":0.3604885935783386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.2445090115070343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167672396","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q417800","display_name":"CD8","level":3,"score":0.1345161497592926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.12801039218902588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170493617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467","display_name":"Receptor","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D002448","descriptor_name":"Cell Adhesion","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002460","descriptor_name":"Cell Line","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002478","descriptor_name":"Cells, Cultured","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002540","descriptor_name":"Cerebral Cortex","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002540","descriptor_name":"Cerebral Cortex","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002540","descriptor_name":"Cerebral Cortex","qualifier_ui":"Q000382","qualifier_name":"microbiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002540","descriptor_name":"Cerebral Cortex","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003453","descriptor_name":"Cryptococcosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003453","descriptor_name":"Cryptococcosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003453","descriptor_name":"Cryptococcosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000382","qualifier_name":"microbiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003453","descriptor_name":"Cryptococcosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003455","descriptor_name":"Cryptococcus neoformans","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003455","descriptor_name":"Cryptococcus neoformans","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003602","descriptor_name":"Cytotoxicity, Immunologic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005656","descriptor_name":"Fungal Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005656","descriptor_name":"Fungal Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006863","descriptor_name":"Hydrogen-Ion Concentration","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007694","descriptor_name":"Killer Cells, Natural","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007694","descriptor_name":"Killer Cells, Natural","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008168","descriptor_name":"Lung","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008168","descriptor_name":"Lung","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008168","descriptor_name":"Lung","qualifier_ui":"Q000382","qualifier_name":"microbiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008168","descriptor_name":"Lung","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010766","descriptor_name":"Phosphorylation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011499","descriptor_name":"Protein Processing, Post-Translational","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014779","descriptor_name":"Virus Replication","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015550","descriptor_name":"Cell Degranulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015854","descriptor_name":"Up-Regulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018631","descriptor_name":"ras Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018631","descriptor_name":"ras Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020935","descriptor_name":"MAP Kinase Signaling System","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D054353","descriptor_name":"Perforin","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D056285","descriptor_name":"Cryptococcus gattii","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D056285","descriptor_name":"Cryptococcus gattii","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D060833","descriptor_name":"Cellular Microenvironment","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1003439","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003439","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003439","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1003439&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2004986","display_name":"PLoS Pathogens","issn_l":"1553-7366","issn":["1553-7366","1553-7374"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLoS Pathogens","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2704871","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3708852","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:23853583","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23853583","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLoS pathogens","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3708852","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3708852/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLoS Pathog","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.783.1432","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.783.1432","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ftp://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/a3/17/ppat.1003439.PMC3708852.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ea387fadec9743bd8a20e5d166deb2d3","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ea387fadec9743bd8a20e5d166deb2d3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PLoS Pathogens, Vol 9, Iss 7, p e1003439 (2013)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1003439","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003439","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003439","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1003439&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2004986","display_name":"PLoS Pathogens","issn_l":"1553-7366","issn":["1553-7366","1553-7374"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLoS Pathogens","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8371999859809875,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1737823800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"247301","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334506","funder_display_name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334506","display_name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","ror":"https://ror.org/01gavpb45"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1985355304.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1985355304.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":62,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1483147211","https://openalex.org/W1483287668","https://openalex.org/W1489097369","https://openalex.org/W1536137272","https://openalex.org/W1542648807","https://openalex.org/W1571335641","https://openalex.org/W1598004783","https://openalex.org/W1606050406","https://openalex.org/W1840299383","https://openalex.org/W1877262861","https://openalex.org/W1903961798","https://openalex.org/W1906893904","https://openalex.org/W1928671008","https://openalex.org/W1940582545","https://openalex.org/W1954687338","https://openalex.org/W1967871417","https://openalex.org/W1971265845","https://openalex.org/W1981531114","https://openalex.org/W1982910988","https://openalex.org/W1994614069","https://openalex.org/W1997452013","https://openalex.org/W2010453183","https://openalex.org/W2010557243","https://openalex.org/W2018095250","https://openalex.org/W2021287775","https://openalex.org/W2024790914","https://openalex.org/W2027512652","https://openalex.org/W2027790491","https://openalex.org/W2033296826","https://openalex.org/W2039765706","https://openalex.org/W2046926103","https://openalex.org/W2051748894","https://openalex.org/W2052789908","https://openalex.org/W2061638921","https://openalex.org/W2065202184","https://openalex.org/W2065219066","https://openalex.org/W2076352550","https://openalex.org/W2080048795","https://openalex.org/W2084478303","https://openalex.org/W2088986583","https://openalex.org/W2091769073","https://openalex.org/W2092024253","https://openalex.org/W2092540406","https://openalex.org/W2097297828","https://openalex.org/W2100585903","https://openalex.org/W2113761665","https://openalex.org/W2122081858","https://openalex.org/W2122440447","https://openalex.org/W2124041958","https://openalex.org/W2129459882","https://openalex.org/W2132720697","https://openalex.org/W2134245901","https://openalex.org/W2137089743","https://openalex.org/W2149856975","https://openalex.org/W2151342294","https://openalex.org/W2152782116","https://openalex.org/W2163041000","https://openalex.org/W2181179425","https://openalex.org/W2290528977","https://openalex.org/W2308296857","https://openalex.org/W2415495342","https://openalex.org/W6629297737"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7100500300","https://openalex.org/W6903456137","https://openalex.org/W2134245901","https://openalex.org/W1571335641","https://openalex.org/W7098148290","https://openalex.org/W2154098873","https://openalex.org/W2951393722","https://openalex.org/W2769211189","https://openalex.org/W2035895563","https://openalex.org/W1941730708"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Cryptococcus":[0,3,120,193],"gattii":[1,213],"and":[2,106,170,231,237],"neoformans":[4],"are":[5,241],"encapsulated":[6],"yeasts":[7],"that":[8,100,136,224],"can":[9],"produce":[10],"a":[11,25,56,87,186,218],"solid":[12],"tumor-like":[13],"mass":[14],"or":[15,115,153],"cryptococcoma.":[16,70],"Analogous":[17,36],"to":[18,33,37,61,82,124,128,144,151],"malignant":[19,38],"tumors,":[20],"the":[21,66,69,91,107,130,142,154,202,215,239],"microenvironment":[22],"deep":[23],"within":[24,214],"cryptococcoma":[26,216],"is":[27,180],"acidic,":[28,122],"which":[29,179,244],"presents":[30],"unique":[31],"challenges":[32],"host":[34,249],"defense.":[35],"cells,":[39,79],"NK":[40,49,78,95,104,109,205,225],"cells":[41,50,54,105,150,206,226],"kill":[42,52],"Cryptococcus.":[43],"Thus,":[44],"as":[45],"in":[46,65,90,121,158],"tumor":[47],"defense,":[48],"must":[51],"yeast":[53],"across":[55],"gradient":[57],"from":[58],"physiologic":[59],"pH":[60,73,138,236],"less":[62],"than":[63],"6":[64],"center":[67],"of":[68,77,94,119,132,148,192,201,217],"As":[71],"acidic":[72,137,168,253],"inhibits":[74],"anti-tumor":[75],"activities":[76],"we":[80,98],"sought":[81],"determine":[83],"if":[84],"there":[85],"was":[86,165,173],"similar":[88],"reduction":[89],"anticryptococcal":[92],"activity":[93],"cells.":[96,160],"Surprisingly,":[97],"found":[99,208],"both":[101],"primary":[102],"human":[103,108],"cell":[110],"line,":[111],"YT,":[112],"have":[113,227],"preserved":[114],"even":[116],"enhanced":[117,133,176],"killing":[118,134,233],"compared":[123],"physiological,":[125],"pH.":[126],"Studies":[127],"explore":[129],"mechanism":[131],"revealed":[135],"does":[139],"not":[140],"increase":[141],"effector":[143,159],"target":[145],"ratio,":[146],"binding":[147],"cytolytic":[149],"Cryptococcus,":[152],"active":[155],"perforin":[156,163],"content":[157],"By":[161],"contrast,":[162],"degranulation":[164,172,195],"greater":[166,232],"at":[167,234],"pH,":[169],"increased":[171,194],"preceded":[174],"by":[175],"ERK1/2":[177],"phosphorylation,":[178],"essential":[181],"for":[182],"killing.":[183],"Moreover,":[184],"using":[185],"replication":[187,200],"defective":[188],"ras1":[189],"knockout":[190],"strain":[191],"occurred":[196],"during":[197],"more":[198],"rapid":[199],"organisms.":[203],"Finally,":[204],"were":[207],"intimately":[209],"associated":[210],"with":[211],"C.":[212],"fatal":[219],"infection.":[220],"These":[221],"results":[222],"suggest":[223],"amplified":[228],"signaling,":[229],"degranulation,":[230],"low":[235],"when":[238],"organisms":[240],"replicating":[242],"quickly,":[243],"would":[245],"help":[246],"maintain":[247],"microbicidal":[248],"defense":[250],"despite":[251],"an":[252],"microenvironment.":[254]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}