{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1985293264","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0738894208101130","title":"Institutional Flexibility in the Design of Multilateral Environmental Agreements","display_name":"Institutional Flexibility in the Design of Multilateral Environmental Agreements","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-03-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1985293264","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0738894208101130","mag":"1985293264"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/0738894208101130","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0738894208101130","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0738894208101130","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S142977025","display_name":"Conflict Management and Peace Science","issn_l":"0738-8942","issn":["0738-8942","1549-9219"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Conflict Management and Peace Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051486663","display_name":"Christopher Marcoux","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Christopher Marcoux","raw_affiliation_strings":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University,\rUSA","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University,#R#USA,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University,\rUSA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University,#R#USA,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5051486663"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"],"apc_list":{"value":3650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3650},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.6413,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96120966,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"2","first_page":"209","last_page":"228"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13756","display_name":"International Environmental Law and Policies","score":0.9839000105857849,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13756","display_name":"International Environmental Law and Policies","score":0.9839000105857849,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10053","display_name":"International Relations and Foreign Policy","score":0.012799999676644802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10471","display_name":"Climate Change Policy and Economics","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multilateral-environmental-agreements","display_name":"multilateral environmental agreements","score":0.9639999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/institutional-flexibility","display_name":"institutional flexibility","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treaty-design","display_name":"treaty design","score":0.7680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-asymmetries","display_name":"power imbalance","score":0.7409999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-environmental-negotiations","display_name":"international environmental negotiations","score":0.5659999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treaty-provisions","display_name":"treaty provisions","score":0.46299999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-environmental-problems","display_name":"global environmental problems","score":0.4000000059604645}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.9016913771629333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75795011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q917904","display_name":"Typology","level":2,"score":0.7217855453491211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.6411933302879333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5123709440231323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.46358466148376465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100001284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2248246","display_name":"Public economics","level":1,"score":0.37576329708099365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.35262250900268555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.34532302618026733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.3396909236907959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18547055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47417","display_name":"International economics","level":1,"score":0.3266342282295227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.25137245655059814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.09944763779640198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/0738894208101130","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0738894208101130","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0738894208101130","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S142977025","display_name":"Conflict Management and Peace Science","issn_l":"0738-8942","issn":["0738-8942","1549-9219"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Conflict Management and Peace Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:sae:compsc:v:26:y:2009:i:2:p:209-228","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0738894208101130","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.8046000003814697,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","score":0.44999998807907104,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W93294717","https://openalex.org/W232429612","https://openalex.org/W631139926","https://openalex.org/W655985507","https://openalex.org/W1511283308","https://openalex.org/W1541723957","https://openalex.org/W1573406745","https://openalex.org/W1605186412","https://openalex.org/W1967374287","https://openalex.org/W1971144627","https://openalex.org/W1982108682","https://openalex.org/W2029579428","https://openalex.org/W2058591798","https://openalex.org/W2059966722","https://openalex.org/W2072113514","https://openalex.org/W2072590618","https://openalex.org/W2082184403","https://openalex.org/W2087795298","https://openalex.org/W2093248821","https://openalex.org/W2107060967","https://openalex.org/W2119123462","https://openalex.org/W2129713421","https://openalex.org/W2129927870","https://openalex.org/W2134962027","https://openalex.org/W2144026687","https://openalex.org/W2144927624","https://openalex.org/W2150258828","https://openalex.org/W2152177793","https://openalex.org/W2155340768","https://openalex.org/W2158461257","https://openalex.org/W2170527550","https://openalex.org/W2801927605","https://openalex.org/W2912670198","https://openalex.org/W3123265095","https://openalex.org/W3125569413","https://openalex.org/W3142221335","https://openalex.org/W4210588948","https://openalex.org/W4244348368","https://openalex.org/W4252443138","https://openalex.org/W4327809312"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2241143171","https://openalex.org/W3212604275","https://openalex.org/W4210715198","https://openalex.org/W4298181027","https://openalex.org/W654341863","https://openalex.org/W3170213355","https://openalex.org/W1904057732","https://openalex.org/W334991267","https://openalex.org/W2109548285","https://openalex.org/W4387720450"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Current":[0],"research":[1],"on":[2],"international":[3,15],"treaties":[4],"suggests":[5],"that":[6,40,64],"flexibility":[7,29,48,74,95],"provisions":[8,96],"can":[9],"facilitate":[10],"the":[11,90],"diplomatic":[12],"resolution":[13],"of":[14,21,28,46,57,61,68,72,94],"environmental":[16,34],"problems.This":[17],"article":[18],"advances":[19],"understanding":[20],"this":[22],"process":[23],"by":[24,38],"describing":[25],"a":[26,58,65],"typology":[27],"mechanisms":[30,49],"found":[31],"in":[32,50,97],"multilateral":[33],"agreements":[35],"(MEAs),":[36],"and":[37],"arguing":[39],"negotiators":[41],"strategically":[42],"select":[43],"different":[44,53],"types":[45],"institutional":[47,73],"response":[51],"to":[52,88],"problems.":[54],"Multivariate":[55],"analysis":[56],"new":[59],"dataset":[60],"MEAs":[62],"indicates":[63],"wider":[66],"variety":[67],"factors":[69],"influence":[70],"provision":[71],"than":[75],"many":[76],"current":[77],"studies":[78],"consider.":[79],"Specifically,":[80],"power":[81],"asymmetry":[82],"among":[83],"contracting":[84],"states":[85],"is":[86],"shown":[87],"be":[89],"most":[91],"important":[92],"predictor":[93],"MEAs.":[98]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
