{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1985264535","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/pbm.2001.0063","title":"Evolution of Knowledge Encapsulated in Scientific Definitions","display_name":"Evolution of Knowledge Encapsulated in Scientific Definitions","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1985264535","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/pbm.2001.0063","mag":"1985264535","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11600801"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1353/pbm.2001.0063","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/pbm.2001.0063","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1353/pbm.2001.0063","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S28937869","display_name":"Perspectives in biology and medicine","issn_l":"0031-5982","issn":["0031-5982","1529-8795"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315678","host_organization_name":"Johns Hopkins University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315678","https://openalex.org/P4310316510"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Johns Hopkins University Press","Johns Hopkins University"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Perspectives in Biology and Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006969253","display_name":"Howard Gest","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119109","display_name":"Indiana University Bloomington","ror":"https://ror.org/02k40bc56","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119109","https://openalex.org/I592451"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I592451","display_name":"Indiana University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kg8sb98","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I592451"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Howard Gest","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA. hgest@bio.indiana.edu","Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA. hgest@bio.indiana.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119109","https://openalex.org/I592451"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119109","https://openalex.org/I592451"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5006969253"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119109","https://openalex.org/I592451"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.9904,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93963642,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"44","issue":"4","first_page":"556","last_page":"564"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10778","display_name":"Philosophy of Biology and Scientific Explanation","score":0.8012999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10778","display_name":"Philosophy of Biology and Scientific Explanation","score":0.8012999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14475","display_name":"History of Science and Medicine","score":0.13760000467300415,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14134","display_name":"Classical Anatomy and Histology","score":0.00989999994635582,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2702","display_name":"Anatomy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scientific-definitions","display_name":"scientific definitions","score":0.9679999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-encapsulation","display_name":"knowledge encapsulation","score":0.7739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-evolution","display_name":"knowledge evolution","score":0.550000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conceptual-change","display_name":"conceptual change","score":0.3880000114440918}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781140086","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q557945","display_name":"Confusion","level":2,"score":0.7310454845428467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.5742490291595459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23213167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2351730","display_name":"Scientific progress","level":2,"score":0.49618157744407654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195732255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q981008","display_name":"Sociology of scientific knowledge","level":2,"score":0.44382476806640625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.37799954414367676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.2936382591724396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.2729189395904541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11171543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41630","display_name":"Psychoanalysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D005796","descriptor_name":"Genes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009626","descriptor_name":"Terminology as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010788","descriptor_name":"Photosynthesis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012586","descriptor_name":"Science","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019359","descriptor_name":"Knowledge","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D049673","descriptor_name":"History, 20th Century","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1353/pbm.2001.0063","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/pbm.2001.0063","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1353/pbm.2001.0063","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S28937869","display_name":"Perspectives in biology and medicine","issn_l":"0031-5982","issn":["0031-5982","1529-8795"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315678","host_organization_name":"Johns Hopkins University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315678","https://openalex.org/P4310316510"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Johns Hopkins University Press","Johns Hopkins University"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Perspectives in Biology and Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:11600801","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11600801","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Perspectives in biology and medicine","raw_type":"Historical Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:muse.jhu.edu:/article/26079","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://muse.jhu.edu/article/26079","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196299","display_name":"Project Muse (Johns Hopkins University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","host_organization_name":"Johns Hopkins University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W12237708","https://openalex.org/W582999149","https://openalex.org/W604808409","https://openalex.org/W1486287746","https://openalex.org/W1504266296","https://openalex.org/W1528775617","https://openalex.org/W1534215183","https://openalex.org/W1545072498","https://openalex.org/W1995020280","https://openalex.org/W1997843912","https://openalex.org/W2035679275","https://openalex.org/W2045518297","https://openalex.org/W2058248387","https://openalex.org/W2072591347","https://openalex.org/W2108775112","https://openalex.org/W2127230663","https://openalex.org/W2144850225","https://openalex.org/W2168909179","https://openalex.org/W2304578977","https://openalex.org/W2333835105","https://openalex.org/W2490180896","https://openalex.org/W2799203707"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2093708206","https://openalex.org/W4249058842","https://openalex.org/W4246486135","https://openalex.org/W2674863343","https://openalex.org/W4234630227","https://openalex.org/W4253979905","https://openalex.org/W1793747790","https://openalex.org/W16044288","https://openalex.org/W4300073664","https://openalex.org/W4300891424"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Perspectives":[0],"in":[1],"Biology":[2],"and":[3],"Medicine":[4],"-":[5],"Volume":[6],"44,":[7],"Number":[8],"4,":[9],"Autumn":[10],"2001":[11]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
