{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1985252740","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0958-1669(03)00099-5","title":"Directed evolution of industrial enzymes: an update","display_name":"Directed evolution of industrial enzymes: an update","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-07-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1985252740","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0958-1669(03)00099-5","mag":"1985252740","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12943855"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0958-1669(03)00099-5","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0958-1669(03)00099-5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0958-1669(03)00099-5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S23939942","display_name":"Current Opinion in Biotechnology","issn_l":"0958-1669","issn":["0958-1669","1879-0429"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Current Opinion in Biotechnology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110565814","display_name":"Joel R. Cherry","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Joel R Cherry","raw_affiliation_strings":["Novozymes Biotech, Inc., 1445 Drew Avenue, Davis, California, USA. cherry@novozymesbiotech.com","Novozymes Biotech, Inc., 1445 Drew Avenue, Davis, California, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Novozymes Biotech, Inc., 1445 Drew Avenue, Davis, California, USA. cherry@novozymesbiotech.com","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Novozymes Biotech, Inc., 1445 Drew Avenue, Davis, California, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038549905","display_name":"Ana Lena Fidantsef","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ana L Fidantsef","raw_affiliation_strings":["Novozymes Biotech, Inc., 1445 Drew Avenue, Davis, California, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Novozymes Biotech, Inc., 1445 Drew Avenue, Davis, California, USA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5110565814"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":4530,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4530},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2855,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":826,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78173289,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"4","first_page":"438","last_page":"443"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10404","display_name":"Enzyme Catalysis and Immobilization","score":0.9897000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10404","display_name":"Enzyme Catalysis and Immobilization","score":0.9897000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11617","display_name":"Enzyme Production and Characterization","score":0.00930000003427267,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1305","display_name":"Biotechnology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10044","display_name":"Protein Structure and Dynamics","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/directed-evolution","display_name":"directed evolution","score":0.9750000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-enzymes","display_name":"industrial enzymes","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enzyme-engineering","display_name":"enzyme engineering","score":0.8410000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protein-modification","display_name":"protein modification","score":0.5490000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recombinant-enzyme","display_name":"recombinant enzyme","score":0.7289999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fermentation","display_name":"fermentation","score":0.4449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enzyme-diversity","display_name":"enzyme diversity","score":0.4480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-biotechnology","display_name":"industrial biotechnology","score":0.5770000219345093}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181199279","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8047","display_name":"Enzyme","level":2,"score":0.6495866179466248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183696295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2487696","display_name":"Biochemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.6010139584541321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100544194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41760","display_name":"Fermentation","level":2,"score":0.5134395360946655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9418097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q440681","display_name":"Directed evolution","level":4,"score":0.49493688344955444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2991947430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7108","display_name":"Industrial biotechnology","level":2,"score":0.4810543358325958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40767141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q285697","display_name":"Recombinant DNA","level":3,"score":0.4532015919685364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781316041","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230584","display_name":"Diversity (politics)","level":2,"score":0.4498049318790436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21880701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2144042","display_name":"Process engineering","level":1,"score":0.3805150091648102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.37521517276763916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150903083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7108","display_name":"Biotechnology","level":1,"score":0.3656730055809021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3584569990634918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70721500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005","display_name":"Computational biology","level":1,"score":0.3208460211753845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.27865803241729736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.2753637433052063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.18845444917678833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143065580","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3285695","display_name":"Mutant","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000681","descriptor_name":"Amylases","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000681","descriptor_name":"Amylases","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001709","descriptor_name":"Biotechnology","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001709","descriptor_name":"Biotechnology","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002617","descriptor_name":"Chemical Industry","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002617","descriptor_name":"Chemical Industry","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004798","descriptor_name":"Enzymes","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004798","descriptor_name":"Enzymes","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006026","descriptor_name":"Glycoside Hydrolases","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006026","descriptor_name":"Glycoside Hydrolases","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010450","descriptor_name":"Endopeptidases","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010450","descriptor_name":"Endopeptidases","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010832","descriptor_name":"6-Phytase","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010832","descriptor_name":"6-Phytase","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015202","descriptor_name":"Protein Engineering","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019020","descriptor_name":"Directed Molecular Evolution","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D042845","descriptor_name":"Laccase","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D042845","descriptor_name":"Laccase","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D044602","descriptor_name":"Cellulases","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D044602","descriptor_name":"Cellulases","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0958-1669(03)00099-5","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0958-1669(03)00099-5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0958-1669(03)00099-5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S23939942","display_name":"Current Opinion in Biotechnology","issn_l":"0958-1669","issn":["0958-1669","1879-0429"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Current Opinion in Biotechnology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:12943855","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12943855","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Current opinion in biotechnology","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","score":0.5925999879837036,"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/01bj3aw27"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W319234650","https://openalex.org/W1573797591","https://openalex.org/W1951425492","https://openalex.org/W1982567828","https://openalex.org/W1988883176","https://openalex.org/W1998685667","https://openalex.org/W2028751732","https://openalex.org/W2028857275","https://openalex.org/W2035319464","https://openalex.org/W2048274228","https://openalex.org/W2053410797","https://openalex.org/W2054172648","https://openalex.org/W2062767843","https://openalex.org/W2069516907","https://openalex.org/W2072842413","https://openalex.org/W2081771204","https://openalex.org/W2101501929","https://openalex.org/W2121208148","https://openalex.org/W2122589838","https://openalex.org/W2124230467","https://openalex.org/W2125214592","https://openalex.org/W2126483682","https://openalex.org/W2126969698","https://openalex.org/W2129437910","https://openalex.org/W2138073510","https://openalex.org/W2149031462","https://openalex.org/W2154818827","https://openalex.org/W2154998149","https://openalex.org/W2156782854","https://openalex.org/W2157826157","https://openalex.org/W2322594072","https://openalex.org/W2330272719","https://openalex.org/W2522420262","https://openalex.org/W2522609414","https://openalex.org/W2950421900","https://openalex.org/W4205699019"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3143287670","https://openalex.org/W1591166439","https://openalex.org/W2005767394","https://openalex.org/W3024924162","https://openalex.org/W2955701136","https://openalex.org/W3023634544","https://openalex.org/W2096961291","https://openalex.org/W2054172648","https://openalex.org/W3082518820","https://openalex.org/W2780918856"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":35},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":35},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":42},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":44},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":54},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":42},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":46},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":54},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":49},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":49},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":55},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":39}],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
