{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1985234941","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.942916","title":"Microwave And Video Sensor Fusion For The Shape Extraction Of 3D Space Objects","display_name":"Microwave And Video Sensor Fusion For The Shape Extraction Of 3D Space Objects","publication_year":1987,"publication_date":"1987-10-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1985234941","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.942916","mag":"1985234941"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.942916","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.942916","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.942916","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183492911","display_name":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","issn_l":"0277-786X","issn":["0277-786X","1996-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SPIE Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015240001","display_name":"Scott Shaw","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74775410","display_name":"Rice University","ror":"https://ror.org/008zs3103","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74775410"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Scott W. Shaw","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rice University (United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rice University (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74775410"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040832821","display_name":"Kumar Krishen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124779","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/027ka1x80","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210149382","display_name":"Johnson Space Center","ror":"https://ror.org/04xx4z452","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124779","https://openalex.org/I4210149382"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kumar Krishen","raw_affiliation_strings":["NASA Johnson Space Center (United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NASA Johnson Space Center (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124779","https://openalex.org/I4210149382"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078360851","display_name":"Rui J. P. deFigueiredo","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74775410","display_name":"Rice University","ror":"https://ror.org/008zs3103","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74775410"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui J. P. deFigueiredo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rice University (United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rice University (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74775410"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1706,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68709677,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"0851","issue":null,"first_page":"69","last_page":"69"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.39820000529289246,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.39820000529289246,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11739","display_name":"Microwave Imaging and Scattering Analysis","score":0.09629999846220016,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":0.05530000105500221,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3d-shape-reconstruction","display_name":"3D shape reconstruction","score":0.746999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensor-fusion","display_name":"sensor fusion","score":0.8610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microwave-radar","display_name":"microwave radar","score":0.843999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/video-imagery","display_name":"video imagery","score":0.546999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space-robotics","display_name":"space robotics","score":0.7490000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/specular-reflection","display_name":"specular reflection","score":0.597000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-resolution-radar","display_name":"low-resolution radar","score":0.6769999861717224}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.7427618503570557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7381049990653992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.664618730545044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.551160454750061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.5018124580383301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118381688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1079524","display_name":"Specular reflection","level":2,"score":0.4653623402118683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120515352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2564580","display_name":"Image plane","level":3,"score":0.4392229914665222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.32873815298080444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.2872581481933594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.18318086862564087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.14424794912338257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.10863649845123291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.942916","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.942916","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.942916","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183492911","display_name":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","issn_l":"0277-786X","issn":["0277-786X","1996-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SPIE Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/027ka1x80"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2068484625","https://openalex.org/W2099327506","https://openalex.org/W2897662250"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2093234882","https://openalex.org/W2116949398","https://openalex.org/W1670819929","https://openalex.org/W789389343","https://openalex.org/W4245073069","https://openalex.org/W6996138235","https://openalex.org/W1989186300","https://openalex.org/W4362541431","https://openalex.org/W3212088579","https://openalex.org/W1937706866"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"order":[1],"for":[2,133,186],"robots":[3],"to":[4,38,64,81,160,175,211,260],"perform":[5],"meaningful":[6],"operations":[7],"in":[8,53,109,127,203],"space,":[9],"some":[10],"type":[11],"of":[12,44,70,86,98,107,189,239,243,264,273,278],"sophisticated":[13],"vision":[14],"system":[15,20,185],"is":[16,51,136,142,152,201,232],"required.":[17],"Such":[18],"a":[19,183,255],"should":[21],"provide":[22],"the":[23,36,57,65,84,92,105,120,162,187,212,217,220,225,244,262,269,274,279],"robot":[24],"with":[25],"three":[26],"dimensional":[27],"(3D)":[28],"information":[29,141,163],"about":[30],"its":[31],"surrounding":[32],"work":[33],"space":[34,58,128],"and":[35,68,155,170,193,224,247,267,276],"objects":[37],"be":[39,102],"operated":[40],"on.":[41],"The":[42,72,95,198,229],"problem":[43],"remotely":[45],"determining":[46],"an":[47,87,99,110,177,204,236],"object's":[48,88,178],"3D":[49,140,179,265],"shape":[50,97,214,240,266],"difficult":[52],"any":[54],"situation,":[55],"but":[56,113,148],"environment":[59],"presents":[60],"special":[61],"problems":[62],"due":[63],"ambient":[66],"illumination":[67],"lack":[69],"atmosphere.":[71],"most":[73],"common":[74],"imaging":[75],"systems,":[76],"visual":[77],"sensors,":[78],"are":[79,117,252],"able":[80],"accurately":[82],"determine":[83],"boundary":[85],"two-dimensional":[89,245],"projection":[90],"onto":[91],"image":[93,191,230],"plane.":[94],"exact":[96],"object":[100],"can":[101],"determined":[103],"through":[104,241],"analysis":[106],"shading":[108,115,248],"optical":[111,190],"image,":[112],"frequently,":[114],"details":[116],"obscured":[118],"by":[119,215,234],"high":[121,149],"intensity":[122],"specular":[123],"reflections":[124],"which":[125,207],"occur":[126],"images.":[129],"An":[130],"alternate":[131],"sensor":[132],"robotic":[134],"applications":[135],"microwave":[137],"radar.":[138],"Some":[139],"available":[143,164],"from":[144,165],"time-domain":[145],"radar":[146,151,172,195,199,227],"imaging,":[147],"resolution":[150],"prohibitively":[153],"expensive":[154],"complex.":[156],"We":[157,181],"would":[158],"like":[159],"integrate":[161],"T":[166],".V":[167],".":[168],"images":[169],"low-resolution":[171],"scattering":[173,196,222],"cross-sections":[174],"reconstruct":[176],"shape.":[180],"present":[182],"new":[184],"fusion":[188],"data":[192,200,231],"polarized":[194],"cross-sections.":[197],"used":[202],"iterative":[205,257],"procedure":[206],"generates":[208],"successive":[209],"approximations":[210],"target":[213],"minimizing":[216],"error":[218],"between":[219],"computed":[221],"cross-sections,":[223],"observed":[226],"returns.":[228],"incorporated":[233],"supplying":[235],"initial":[237],"estimate":[238,263],"knowledge":[242],"silhouette":[246],"models.":[249],"These":[250],"components":[251],"assembled":[253],"into":[254],"larger":[256],"process":[258],"designed":[259],"refine":[261],"obtain":[268],"best":[270],"possible":[271],"description":[272],"attitude":[275],"motion":[277],"target.":[280]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-22T06:50:58.402377","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}