{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1985164707","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1363908970100101","title":"Unifying Academic and Vocational Learning: the state of the debate in England and Scotland","display_name":"Unifying Academic and Vocational Learning: the state of the debate in England and Scotland","publication_year":1997,"publication_date":"1997-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1985164707","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1363908970100101","mag":"1985164707"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/1363908970100101","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1363908970100101","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1363908970100101","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S32136629","display_name":"Journal of Education and Work","issn_l":"1363-9080","issn":["1363-9080","1469-9435"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-4","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319847","host_organization_name":"Routledge","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319847","https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Routledge","Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Education and Work","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026522630","display_name":"Cathy Howieson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cathy Howieson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Educational Sociology, University of Edinburgh, 7 Buccleuch Place, Scotland, Edinburgh EH8 9LW, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Educational Sociology, University of Edinburgh, 7 Buccleuch Place, Scotland, Edinburgh EH8 9LW, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038444384","display_name":"David Raffe","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Raffe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Educational Sociology, University of Edinburgh, 7 Buccleuch Place, Scotland, Edinburgh EH8 9LW, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Educational Sociology, University of Edinburgh, 7 Buccleuch Place, Scotland, Edinburgh EH8 9LW, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008419529","display_name":"Ken Spours","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I124357947","display_name":"University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/04cw6st05","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ken Spours","raw_affiliation_strings":["Post\u201016 Education Centre, Institute of Education, University of London, WC1H 0NU, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Post\u201016 Education Centre, Institute of Education, University of London, WC1H 0NU, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124357947"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062136731","display_name":"Michael F. D. Young","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8921-0930","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8921-0930","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1097-6205","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7549-9449","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3032-1759"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I124357947","display_name":"University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/04cw6st05","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Young","raw_affiliation_strings":["Post\u201016 Education Centre, Institute of Education, University of London, WC1H 0NU, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Post\u201016 Education Centre, Institute of Education, University of London, WC1H 0NU, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124357947"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":28.7394,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":44,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99534718,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"1","first_page":"5","last_page":"35"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13532","display_name":"Education Systems and Policy","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13532","display_name":"Education Systems and Policy","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11300","display_name":"Global Educational Policies and Reforms","score":0.008299999870359898,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10153","display_name":"Education, sociology, and vocational training","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/post-compulsory-education","display_name":"post-compulsory education","score":0.8209999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/a-level","display_name":"A level","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnvq","display_name":"GNVQ","score":0.9010000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/national-vocational-qualifications","display_name":"National Vocational Qualifications","score":0.9070000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/education-policy","display_name":"education policy","score":0.6790000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comparative-education","display_name":"comparative education","score":0.5320000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scotland","display_name":"Scotland","score":0.5580000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/england","display_name":"England","score":0.8550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vocational-education","display_name":"vocational education","score":0.4429999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/academic-education","display_name":"academic education","score":0.5429999828338623}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96146094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q609057","display_name":"Unification","level":2,"score":0.8295398950576782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C668760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6869278","display_name":"Vocational education","level":2,"score":0.8202638626098633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780031656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q859161","display_name":"Glossary","level":2,"score":0.7023274898529053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.5819549560546875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5317203998565674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.4906657934188843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4572735130786896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3116431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31728","display_name":"Public administration","level":1,"score":0.45605677366256714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.44041240215301514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.42719531059265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.393765389919281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.3385903835296631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118084267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26110","display_name":"Positive economics","level":1,"score":0.326119065284729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.2921537160873413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.2234424352645874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.2078990936279297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.19685125350952148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.10794085264205933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/1363908970100101","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1363908970100101","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1363908970100101","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S32136629","display_name":"Journal of Education and Work","issn_l":"1363-9080","issn":["1363-9080","1469-9435"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-4","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319847","host_organization_name":"Routledge","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319847","https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Routledge","Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Education and Work","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education","score":0.8288999795913696}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W70311347","https://openalex.org/W96961504","https://openalex.org/W126087191","https://openalex.org/W345840270","https://openalex.org/W597189324","https://openalex.org/W620878737","https://openalex.org/W629143153","https://openalex.org/W641512832","https://openalex.org/W645690781","https://openalex.org/W657053336","https://openalex.org/W1966301218","https://openalex.org/W1972325288","https://openalex.org/W1986851462","https://openalex.org/W1994429357","https://openalex.org/W2015454472","https://openalex.org/W2027042626","https://openalex.org/W2074838725","https://openalex.org/W2086298658","https://openalex.org/W2133650147","https://openalex.org/W2257240871","https://openalex.org/W2504997808","https://openalex.org/W2725919627","https://openalex.org/W2977611906","https://openalex.org/W3125442136","https://openalex.org/W4241131120"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2021681595","https://openalex.org/W2341908856","https://openalex.org/W4383743458","https://openalex.org/W4391765604","https://openalex.org/W2068609405","https://openalex.org/W2994633912","https://openalex.org/W2767008335","https://openalex.org/W2000962007","https://openalex.org/W2136007221","https://openalex.org/W2002460443"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"\u2217":[0],"\u2217A":[1],"glossary":[2],"of":[3,18,30,107,129,150,171,178,185,192],"the":[4,16,27,31,56,75,105,108,112,124,130,176,183,190],"acronyms":[5],"used":[6],"can":[7],"be":[8],"found":[9],"on":[10,85,168,175],"pp.":[11],"34\u201035.":[12],"This":[13],"article":[14],"illustrates":[15],"potential":[17],"\u2018home":[19],"international\u2019":[20],"comparisons":[21],"as":[22],"a":[23,68,81,98,151,169,179],"tool":[24],"for":[25,35],"analysing":[26],"education":[28,37,65],"systems":[29],"UK.":[32],"Current":[33],"policies":[34,118,144],"post\u2010compulsory":[36],"in":[38,67,73,111,133,141,147],"Scotland":[39,55,134,189],"and":[40,46,63,89,115,119,135,162,201,210,219],"England":[41,74,136,155],"seek":[42],"to":[43,79,94,203,215],"unify":[44],"academic":[45,62],"vocational":[47,64],"learning,":[48],"but":[49,91,145,164,205],"follow":[50],"very":[51],"different":[52,127,142,148],"strategies.":[53],"In":[54,154,188],"Higher":[57],"Still":[58],"reforms":[59],"will":[60],"bring":[61],"together":[66],"unified":[69,100,152,180,193],"system":[70,83,181,194],"at":[71],"16\u2010plus;":[72],"Dearing":[76],"Review":[77],"proposes":[78],"retain":[80],"three\u2010track":[82],"based":[84],"A":[86],"Levels,":[87],"GNVQs":[88],"NVQs,":[90],"suggests":[92],"measures":[93],"link":[95],"them":[96],"within":[97],"more":[99,159,167,196,198],"framework.":[101],"The":[102,126],"paper":[103],"compares":[104],"contexts":[106],"\u2018unification\u2019":[109],"debate":[110,132],"two":[113],"countries,":[114],"describes":[116],"how":[117],"debates":[120],"have":[121,212],"developed":[122],"since":[123],"1970s.":[125],"histories":[128],"unification":[131],"are":[137],"reflected":[138],"not":[139],"only":[140],"current":[143],"also":[146],"concepts":[149],"system.":[153],"this":[156],"concept":[157,191],"is":[158,195,207],"political,":[160],"radical":[161],"ambitious,":[163],"it":[165,206],"focuses":[166],"critique":[170],"existing":[172],"arrangements":[173],"than":[174],"design":[177],"or":[182],"process":[184],"implementing":[186],"it.":[187],"consensual,":[197],"fully":[199],"specified":[200],"closer":[202],"implementation,":[204],"less":[208,213],"visionary":[209],"may":[211],"power":[214],"challenge":[216],"conservative":[217],"assumptions":[218],"practices.":[220]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}