{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1985015433","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00208a021","title":"Why do some organisms use a urea-methylamine mixture as osmolyte? Thermodynamic compensation of urea and trimethylamine N-oxide interactions with protein","display_name":"Why do some organisms use a urea-methylamine mixture as osmolyte? Thermodynamic compensation of urea and trimethylamine N-oxide interactions with protein","publication_year":1994,"publication_date":"1994-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1985015433","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00208a021","mag":"1985015433","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7918496"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1021/bi00208a021","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00208a021","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00208a021","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S104038378","display_name":"Biochemistry","issn_l":"0006-2960","issn":["0006-2960","1520-4995","1943-295X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320006","host_organization_name":"American Chemical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320006"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Chemical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Biochemistry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111857266","display_name":"Tiao-Yin Lin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6902469","display_name":"Brandeis University","ror":"https://ror.org/05abbep66","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6902469"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tiao-Yin Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate Department of Biochemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02254"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Department of Biochemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02254","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6902469"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023444438","display_name":"Serge N. Timasheff","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6902469","display_name":"Brandeis University","ror":"https://ror.org/05abbep66","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6902469"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Serge N. Timasheff","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brandeis University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brandeis University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6902469"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6902469"],"apc_list":{"value":4500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4500},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6986,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":368,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84285994,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"33","issue":"42","first_page":"12695","last_page":"12701"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10044","display_name":"Protein Structure and Dynamics","score":0.9214000105857849,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10044","display_name":"Protein Structure and Dynamics","score":0.9214000105857849,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11124","display_name":"Protein purification and stability","score":0.03319999948143959,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11936","display_name":"Chemical and Physical Properties in Aqueous Solutions","score":0.006099999882280827,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1506","display_name":"Filtration and Separation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/osmolytes","display_name":"osmolytes","score":0.9380000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urea","display_name":"urea","score":0.8989999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trimethylamine-n-oxide","display_name":"trimethylamine N-oxide","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/methylamine","display_name":"methylamine","score":0.8999999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protein-stabilization","display_name":"protein stabilization","score":0.6660000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ribonuclease-t1","display_name":"ribonuclease T1","score":0.8610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal-denaturation","display_name":"thermal denaturation","score":0.8529999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preferential-interactions","display_name":"preferential interactions","score":0.6470000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transfer-free-energy","display_name":"transfer free energy","score":0.7919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coelacanth","display_name":"coelacanth","score":0.9269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-stress","display_name":"water stress","score":0.5960000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cosolvents","display_name":"cosolvents","score":0.597000002861023}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127160389","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q415608","display_name":"Osmolyte","level":2,"score":0.9615616798400879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780365088","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48318","display_name":"Urea","level":2,"score":0.8565127849578857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776149385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423953","display_name":"Trimethylamine","level":2,"score":0.8405470848083496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.8102405071258545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780924926","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q419802","display_name":"Trimethylamine N-oxide","level":3,"score":0.7411653399467468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910482912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q409304","display_name":"Methylamines","level":3,"score":0.727019190788269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2911131995","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26699773","display_name":"Tetramethylurea","level":3,"score":0.5547404289245605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776923230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16955798","display_name":"Denaturation (fissile materials)","level":2,"score":0.5226528644561768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778969155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q409304","display_name":"Methylamine","level":2,"score":0.4836324453353882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10879258","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76826611","display_name":"RNase P","level":4,"score":0.4164023995399475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8010536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160398","display_name":"Crystallography","level":1,"score":0.32043617963790894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.29570817947387695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.22419574856758118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13965031","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q243545","display_name":"Nuclear chemistry","level":1,"score":0.18029573559761047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780471494","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146505","display_name":"Solvent","level":2,"score":0.07193031907081604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67705224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11053","display_name":"RNA","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D006163","descriptor_name":"Ribonuclease T1","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008744","descriptor_name":"Methylamines","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008956","descriptor_name":"Models, Chemical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009994","descriptor_name":"Osmolar Concentration","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011489","descriptor_name":"Protein Denaturation","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012997","descriptor_name":"Solvents","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013816","descriptor_name":"Thermodynamics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014508","descriptor_name":"Urea","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014867","descriptor_name":"Water","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014882","descriptor_name":"Water-Electrolyte Balance","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1021/bi00208a021","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00208a021","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00208a021","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S104038378","display_name":"Biochemistry","issn_l":"0006-2960","issn":["0006-2960","1520-4995","1943-295X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320006","host_organization_name":"American Chemical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320006"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Chemical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Biochemistry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:7918496","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7918496","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Biochemistry","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2340258759","display_name":"STRUCTURE AND INTERACTIONS OF PROTEINS IN SOLUTION","funder_award_id":"R01GM014603","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337354","funder_display_name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337354","display_name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04q48ey07"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2771682768","https://openalex.org/W1976179026","https://openalex.org/W2001384706","https://openalex.org/W2965139165","https://openalex.org/W4319936459","https://openalex.org/W3081648600","https://openalex.org/W2778980922","https://openalex.org/W2025802405","https://openalex.org/W2726691394","https://openalex.org/W3030698984"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Many":[0],"organisms":[1],"accumulate":[2],"low":[3],"molecular":[4],"weight":[5],"substances":[6],"known":[7,35],"as":[8,48,93],"osmolytes":[9,20],"when":[10,129],"they":[11],"experience":[12],"environmental":[13],"water":[14],"stress.":[15],"The":[16,178,231],"main":[17],"classes":[18],"of":[19,52,76,101,109,126,135,153,161,181,186,196,205,233,248],"are":[21,34],"sugars,":[22],"polyhydric":[23],"alcohols,":[24],"amino":[25],"acids":[26],"and":[27,30,32,44,54,59,69,80,103,138,252],"their":[28,82,127],"derivatives,":[29],"methylamines,":[31,55],"all":[33],"to":[36,120,237,241,255],"be":[37,121,190,242,256],"protein":[38,165],"stabilizers.":[39],"However,":[40],"marine":[41],"cartilaginous":[42],"fishes":[43],"the":[45,74,94,107,110,114,123,151,159,164,168,171,184,201,206,246],"coelacanth":[46],"use,":[47],"osmolytes,":[49],"a":[50,57,60,63,97],"combination":[51],"urea":[53,102,139,162,187,214,251],"i.e.,":[56],"denaturant":[58],"stabilizer,":[61],"in":[62,73,81,140,166,183,200,245,259],"2:1":[64,98,142],"molar":[65,99,143],"ratio.":[66],"Preferential":[67,132],"binding":[68],"thermal":[70],"denaturation":[71,207],"measurements":[72,134],"presence":[75,152,185,247],"each":[77],"cosolvent":[78],"separately":[79],"mixtures":[83],"have":[84,148,209],"been":[85],"carried":[86],"out":[87],"using":[88],"ribonuclease":[89],"T1":[90,217],"(RNase":[91],"T1)":[92,176],"protein.":[95],"At":[96],"ratio":[100,144],"trimethylamine":[104],"N-oxide":[105],"(TMAO),":[106],"effects":[108,128],"two":[111,202],"cosolvents":[112],"on":[113,158],"transition":[115],"temperature":[116],"(Tm)":[117],"were":[118],"found":[119],"essentially":[122],"algebraic":[124],"sum":[125],"used":[130],"individually.":[131],"interaction":[133,160,180],"urea,":[136],"TMAO":[137,154,182,226,236],"its":[141,260],"mixture":[145],"with":[146,163],"TMAO,":[147],"shown":[149,210],"that":[150,211],"has":[155],"no":[156],"effect":[157],"either":[167],"native":[169],"or":[170,229],"unfolded":[172],"(reduced":[173],"carboxymethylated":[174],"RNase":[175,216],"state.":[177],"preferential":[179],"could":[188],"not":[189],"measured":[191,254],"for":[192],"technical":[193],"reasons.":[194],"Calculations":[195],"transfer":[197],"free":[198],"energy":[199],"end":[203],"states":[204],"reaction":[208],"2":[212,249],"M":[213,225,235,250],"destabilizes":[215],"by":[218],"3.8":[219],"+/-":[220],"0.3":[221],"kcal/mol":[222,244,258],"whether":[223],"1":[224,234],"is":[227,239,253],"present":[228],"not.":[230],"contribution":[232],"stabilization":[238],"calculated":[240],"3.1":[243],"2.7":[257],"absence.":[261]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":16}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}