{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1985011469","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1537-2197.1959.tb07030.x","title":"ANASTOMOSES IN THE VENATION OF GINKGO BILOBA","display_name":"ANASTOMOSES IN THE VENATION OF GINKGO BILOBA","publication_year":1959,"publication_date":"1959-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1985011469","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1537-2197.1959.tb07030.x","mag":"1985011469"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/j.1537-2197.1959.tb07030.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1537-2197.1959.tb07030.x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1537-2197.1959.tb07030.x","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/j.1537-2197.1959.tb07030.x","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S205086949","display_name":"American Journal of Botany","issn_l":"0002-9122","issn":["0002-9122","1537-2197"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Botany","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/j.1537-2197.1959.tb07030.x","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009355106","display_name":"Howard J. Arnott","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111979921","display_name":"Northwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/000e0be47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Howard J. Arnott","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biological Sciences The College of Liberal Arts Northwestern University Evanston Illinois"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biological Sciences The College of Liberal Arts Northwestern University Evanston Illinois","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5009355106"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"],"apc_list":{"value":2660,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2660},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.2524,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":43,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88044055,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"46","issue":"6","first_page":"405","last_page":"405"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12618","display_name":"Botany and Plant Ecology Studies","score":0.40630000829696655,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12618","display_name":"Botany and Plant Ecology Studies","score":0.40630000829696655,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10385","display_name":"Plant Diversity and Evolution","score":0.14659999310970306,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1105","display_name":"Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12359","display_name":"Fern and Epiphyte Biology","score":0.1315000057220459,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1105","display_name":"Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ginkgo-biloba","display_name":"Ginkgo biloba","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leaf-venation","display_name":"leaf venation","score":0.9549999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/long-shoots","display_name":"long shoots","score":0.5350000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/short-shoots","display_name":"short shoots","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seed-plant-evolution","display_name":"seed plant evolution","score":0.5189999938011169}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8443397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15177","display_name":"Anastomosis","level":2,"score":0.9345582723617554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778998842","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43284","display_name":"Ginkgo biloba","level":2,"score":0.8296435475349426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779706397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q149461","display_name":"Ginkgo","level":2,"score":0.7157021164894104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.6803802251815796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187820883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11827976","display_name":"Stele","level":2,"score":0.6385154724121094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.5672100782394409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781002682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133712","display_name":"Gymnosperm","level":2,"score":0.5576422810554504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.49127620458602905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777989353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5985227","display_name":"Lamina","level":2,"score":0.46802622079849243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777202286","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9609","display_name":"Vein","level":2,"score":0.4412015378475189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.09305799007415771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.09248214960098267}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/j.1537-2197.1959.tb07030.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1537-2197.1959.tb07030.x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1537-2197.1959.tb07030.x","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/j.1537-2197.1959.tb07030.x","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S205086949","display_name":"American Journal of Botany","issn_l":"0002-9122","issn":["0002-9122","1537-2197"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Botany","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.2307/2439135","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2439135","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2439135","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S205086949","display_name":"American Journal of Botany","issn_l":"0002-9122","issn":["0002-9122","1537-2197"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Botany","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/j.1537-2197.1959.tb07030.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1537-2197.1959.tb07030.x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1537-2197.1959.tb07030.x","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/j.1537-2197.1959.tb07030.x","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S205086949","display_name":"American Journal of Botany","issn_l":"0002-9122","issn":["0002-9122","1537-2197"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Botany","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1985011469.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1985011469.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W584731856","https://openalex.org/W634374261","https://openalex.org/W645151335","https://openalex.org/W658263030","https://openalex.org/W1985725148","https://openalex.org/W1988815265","https://openalex.org/W2012566733","https://openalex.org/W2030647521","https://openalex.org/W2050072812","https://openalex.org/W2078010959","https://openalex.org/W2084053555","https://openalex.org/W2087948773","https://openalex.org/W2116067660","https://openalex.org/W2284623880","https://openalex.org/W2483367997","https://openalex.org/W2545021017","https://openalex.org/W2587693107","https://openalex.org/W2802259303","https://openalex.org/W2947213188","https://openalex.org/W4299620784"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2095374543","https://openalex.org/W2032897622","https://openalex.org/W2355728403","https://openalex.org/W4398144711","https://openalex.org/W2078287496","https://openalex.org/W2946233017","https://openalex.org/W3097520969","https://openalex.org/W7098208015","https://openalex.org/W1639365758","https://openalex.org/W3022603521"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Arnott,":[0],"Howard":[1],"J.":[2],"(Northwestern":[3],"U.,":[4],"Evanston,":[5],"Ill.)":[6],"Anastomoses":[7],"in":[8,43,96,183,199,206,228],"the":[9,21,24,67,74,100,105,128,135,142,152,174,180,197,200,207,229],"venation":[10,154,226],"of":[11,23,26,37,46,56,73,99,130,139,144,158,187,202,209,215,225],"Ginkgo":[12,27,184],"biloba.":[13],"Amer.":[14],"Jour.":[15],"Bot.":[16],"46(6):":[17],"405\u2013411.":[18],"Illus.":[19],"1959.\u2014Although":[20],"vasculature":[22],"lamina":[25,68],"biloba":[28,185],"has":[29],"been":[30],"described":[31],"as":[32],"open":[33],"dichotomous":[34],"and":[35,53,69,133,167,192,205],"devoid":[36],"anastomoses,":[38],"vein":[39,109,145],"unions":[40],"were":[41,94,113,149],"found":[42,95,150,182],"a":[44,63,170,188,222],"survey":[45],"1065":[47],"leaves":[48,75,101,107,201],"collected":[49],"from":[50,151,173],"both":[51],"long":[52],"short":[54,87],"shoots":[55],"11":[57],"trees.":[58],"When":[59],"studied":[60],"by":[61,70,127,134,221],"directing":[62],"strong":[64],"light":[65],"through":[66],"clearings,":[71],"9.9%":[72],"possessed":[76],"1":[77],"or":[78,137],"more":[79],"anastomoses.":[80,91,103],"Long":[81],"shoot-leaves":[82,88],"showed":[83,89],"13.4%":[84],"anastomoses":[85,93,112,116,181,198,217],"while":[86],"8.2%":[90],"Multiple":[92],"almost":[97],"half":[98],"bearing":[102],"In":[104],"105":[106],"having":[108],"unions,":[110],"163":[111],"counted.":[114],"These":[115],"could":[117],"be":[118,219],"grouped":[119],"into":[120],"4":[121],"types":[122],"which":[123],"are":[124,186,193],"easily":[125],"distinguished":[126],"number":[129],"dichotomies":[131,140],"involved":[132],"presence":[136],"absence":[138],"above":[141],"point":[143],"union.":[146],"Other":[147],"deviations":[148],"\u201cnormal\u201d":[153],"pattern;":[155],"these":[156,216],"consisted":[157],"unconnected":[159,165],"veins,":[160],"veins":[161,168],"anastomosed":[162],"marginally":[163],"but":[164],"basally,":[166],"ending":[169],"considerable":[171],"distance":[172],"margin.":[175],"It":[176],"was":[177],"speculated":[178],"that":[179],"simple,":[189],"archaic":[190],"type":[191],"apparently":[194],"analogous":[195],"to":[196],"certain":[203],"ferns":[204],"leaflets":[208],"various":[210],"cycads.":[211],"The":[212],"evolutionary":[213],"significance":[214],"must":[218],"assessed":[220],"broad":[223],"study":[224],"patterns":[227],"seed-plants.":[230]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}