{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1984894856","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2415-11-12","title":"The Effect of Education on the Assessment of Optic Nerve Head Photographs for the Glaucoma Diagnosis","display_name":"The Effect of Education on the Assessment of Optic Nerve Head Photographs for the Glaucoma Diagnosis","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-05-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1984894856","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2415-11-12","mag":"1984894856","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21595936","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3120800"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/1471-2415-11-12","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2415-11-12","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2415-11-12","pdf_url":"https://bmcophthalmol.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/1471-2415-11-12","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S49440999","display_name":"BMC Ophthalmology","issn_l":"1471-2415","issn":["1471-2415"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Ophthalmology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://bmcophthalmol.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/1471-2415-11-12","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084143593","display_name":"Sabina Andersson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I187531555","display_name":"Lund University","ror":"https://ror.org/012a77v79","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sabina Andersson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology, Malm\u00f6, Lund University, Sweden. sabina.andersson@med.lu.se","Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology, Malm\u00f6, Lund University, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology, Malm\u00f6, Lund University, Sweden. sabina.andersson@med.lu.se","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology, Malm\u00f6, Lund University, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022617905","display_name":"Anders Heijl","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7233-6919","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7233-6919"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I187531555","display_name":"Lund University","ror":"https://ror.org/012a77v79","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anders Heijl","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology, Malm\u00f6, Lund University, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology, Malm\u00f6, Lund University, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110257099","display_name":"Andreas G. B\u00f6hm","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9511-9167","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9511-9167"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405271003","display_name":"Elblandklinikum Radebeul","ror":"https://ror.org/01pnwhg58","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405271003"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78650965","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden","ror":"https://ror.org/042aqky30","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78650965"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andreas G Boehm","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ophthalmology, Elblandklinikum Radebeul, Radebeul, Germany","Department of Ophthalmology, University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ophthalmology, Elblandklinikum Radebeul, Radebeul, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405271003"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ophthalmology, University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78650965"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042154148","display_name":"Boel Bengtsson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5997-3953","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5997-3953"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I187531555","display_name":"Lund University","ror":"https://ror.org/012a77v79","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Boel Bengtsson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology, Malm\u00f6, Lund University, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology, Malm\u00f6, Lund University, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5084143593"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"],"apc_list":{"value":2990,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":{"value":2990,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2990},"fwci":1.4595,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80326957,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"1","first_page":"12","last_page":"12"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10250","display_name":"Glaucoma and retinal disorders","score":0.8485999703407288,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10250","display_name":"Glaucoma and retinal disorders","score":0.8485999703407288,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14384","display_name":"Ophthalmology and Visual Health Research","score":0.11959999799728394,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10254","display_name":"Innovations in Medical Education","score":0.010499999858438969,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glaucoma-diagnosis","display_name":"glaucoma diagnosis","score":0.9539999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/continuing-medical-education","display_name":"continuing medical education","score":0.9750000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diagnostic-sensitivity","display_name":"diagnostic sensitivity","score":0.6389999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diagnostic-specificity","display_name":"diagnostic specificity","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ophthalmologists","display_name":"ophthalmologists","score":0.6480000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ophthalmology-residents","display_name":"ophthalmology residents","score":0.7860000133514404}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9500813484191895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778527774","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159701","display_name":"Glaucoma","level":2,"score":0.812177836894989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780837183","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186029","display_name":"Optic nerve","level":2,"score":0.7873852252960205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118487528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161437","display_name":"Ophthalmology","level":1,"score":0.6338408589363098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119767625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q618211","display_name":"Optometry","level":1,"score":0.425864040851593}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000369","descriptor_name":"Aged, 80 and over","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004502","descriptor_name":"Education, Medical, Continuing","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005901","descriptor_name":"Glaucoma","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009898","descriptor_name":"Optic Disk","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010781","descriptor_name":"Photography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012680","descriptor_name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016037","descriptor_name":"Single-Blind Method","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/1471-2415-11-12","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2415-11-12","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2415-11-12","pdf_url":"https://bmcophthalmol.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/1471-2415-11-12","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S49440999","display_name":"BMC Ophthalmology","issn_l":"1471-2415","issn":["1471-2415"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Ophthalmology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3120800","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3120800","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Ophthalmol","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:21595936","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21595936","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC ophthalmology","raw_type":"Evaluation Study"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.290.3353","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.290.3353","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ftp://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/62/60/BMC_Ophthalmol_2011_May_19_11_12.tar.gz","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:60d2164890044fcf82db9daafa0a8b7f","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/60d2164890044fcf82db9daafa0a8b7f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BMC Ophthalmology, Vol 11, Iss 1, p 12 (2011)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:lup.lub.lu.se:1f9ff894-ea45-40f4-b7c2-819def2f9a4c","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/2072409","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400536","display_name":"Lund University Publications (Lund University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I187531555","host_organization_name":"Lund University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISSN: 1471-2415","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/1471-2415-11-12","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2415-11-12","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2415-11-12","pdf_url":"https://bmcophthalmol.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/1471-2415-11-12","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S49440999","display_name":"BMC Ophthalmology","issn_l":"1471-2415","issn":["1471-2415"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Ophthalmology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9074000120162964,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5434787064","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"K2005-74X-10426-13A","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322581","funder_display_name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322581","display_name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det","ror":"https://ror.org/03zttf063"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332585","display_name":"Allergan","ror":"https://ror.org/00wthd003"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1984894856.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1984894856.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1700167397","https://openalex.org/W1970036712","https://openalex.org/W1977279749","https://openalex.org/W1984761962","https://openalex.org/W1987233241","https://openalex.org/W1989212860","https://openalex.org/W2015731787","https://openalex.org/W2017599869","https://openalex.org/W2020871883","https://openalex.org/W2026779622","https://openalex.org/W2028857391","https://openalex.org/W2037531523","https://openalex.org/W2039303389","https://openalex.org/W2046995005","https://openalex.org/W2057108342","https://openalex.org/W2072946053","https://openalex.org/W2090404086","https://openalex.org/W2096048367","https://openalex.org/W2112559287","https://openalex.org/W2114361744","https://openalex.org/W2118202495","https://openalex.org/W2140012740","https://openalex.org/W2149903987","https://openalex.org/W2167786444","https://openalex.org/W2170928724","https://openalex.org/W2331735922","https://openalex.org/W2395425852","https://openalex.org/W2461194981","https://openalex.org/W2754469529","https://openalex.org/W2797597138","https://openalex.org/W4300110167","https://openalex.org/W4320300911"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7099098790","https://openalex.org/W4211126692","https://openalex.org/W2321709664","https://openalex.org/W2962790238","https://openalex.org/W1933070103","https://openalex.org/W2017599869","https://openalex.org/W2132214282","https://openalex.org/W2046210114","https://openalex.org/W1997683903","https://openalex.org/W2999544598"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"To":[1],"evaluate":[2],"the":[3,26,115,129,146,160,192,197,203],"effect":[4,190],"of":[5,8,13,16,28,57,83,97,108,126,137,162,194,205],"one":[6],"lesson":[7],"continuing":[9],"medical":[10],"education":[11],"(CME)":[12],"subjective":[14],"assessment":[15,133,193],"optic":[17,52],"nerve":[18,53],"head":[19,54],"appearance":[20],"on":[21,69,145,191],"sensitivity":[22,149],"and":[23,32,59,101,113,159,180,202],"specificity":[24,210],"for":[25,196],"diagnosis":[27,71],"glaucoma.":[29],"METHODS:":[30],"Ophthalmologists":[31],"residents":[33],"in":[34,118],"ophthalmology":[35],"attending":[36,128],"an":[37,80],"international":[38],"glaucoma":[39,70,99,198],"meeting":[40],"arranged":[41],"at":[42,62,178],"Malm\u00f6":[43],"University":[44],"Hospital,":[45],"Malm\u00f6,":[46],"Sweden,":[47],"were":[48],"asked":[49],"to":[50,79,143,157,174],"grade":[51],"(ONH)":[55],"photographs":[56,86,96,109,163],"healthy":[58,103],"glaucomatous":[60],"subjects":[61],"two":[63],"sessions":[64],"separated":[65],"by":[66,72],"a":[67,90,188],"lecture":[68],"ONH":[73,85,95,195],"assessment.":[74],"Each":[75],"grader":[76],"had":[77,186],"access":[78],"individual":[81,106],"portfolio":[82,107],"50":[84],"randomly":[87],"selected":[88],"from":[89,141,155,172],"web-based":[91],"data":[92],"bank":[93],"including":[94],"73":[98],"patients":[100],"123":[102],"subjects.":[104],"The":[105,135],"was":[110,211],"graded":[111],"before":[112],"after":[114],"lecture,":[116],"but":[117],"different":[119],"randomized":[120],"order.":[121],"RESULTS:":[122],"Ninety-six":[123],"doctors,":[124],"91%":[125],"all":[127],"meeting,":[130],"completed":[131],"both":[132],"sessions.":[134],"number":[136,161],"correct":[138],"classifications":[139,207],"increased":[140,150,201],"69":[142],"72%":[144],"average.":[147],"Diagnostic":[148],"significantly":[151,168],"(p":[152,169],"<":[153,170],"0.0001)":[154,171],"70%":[156],"80%,":[158],"classified":[164],"as":[165],"uncertain":[166,206],"decreased":[167],"22%":[173],"13%.":[175],"Specificity":[176],"remained":[177],"68%,":[179],"intra-grader":[181],"agreement":[182],"decreased.":[183],"CONCLUSION:":[184],"CME":[185],"only":[187],"small":[189],"diagnosis.":[199],"Sensitivity":[200],"amount":[204],"decreased,":[208],"while":[209],"unchanged.":[212]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
